Hasil untuk "Competition"

E. Connor, D. Simberloff

Gary S. Becker

Susan Olzak

James F. Moore

J. Bangsbo, L. Nørregaard, F. Thorsø

J. Lanjouw, Mark Schankerman

U. Gneezy, A. Rustichini

Andreas Schedler

Victoria M. Esses, J. Dovidio, L. Jackson et al.

M. E. Ferguson, L. Toktay

C. Abbiss, P. Laursen

J. C. Burguillo

Michael Raith

Benn Eifert, E. Miguel, Daniel N. Posner

This article draws on data from over 35,000 respondents in 22 public opinion surveys in 10 countries and finds strong evidence that ethnic identities in Africa are strengthened by exposure to political competition. In particular, for every month closer their country is to a competitive presidential election, survey respondents are 1.8 percentage points more likely to identify in ethnic terms. Using an innovative multinomial logit empirical methodology, we find that these shifts are accompanied by a corresponding reduction in the salience of occupational and class identities. Our findings lend support to situational theories of social identification and are consistent with the view that ethnic identities matter in Africa for instrumental reasons: because they are useful in the competition for political power.

Tara Rice, Philip E. Strahan

G. Parker, T. Pizzari

J. Lehman, Kenneth O. Stanley

Eugenio Cruz-Ossa, Sebastian Perez-Salazar, Victor Verdugo

Competition complexity formalizes a compelling intuition: rather than refining the mechanism, how much additional competition is sufficient for a simple mechanism to compete with an optimal one? We begin the study of this question in multi-unit pricing for welfare maximization using prophet inequalities. An online decision-maker observes $m \geq k$ nonnegative values drawn independently from a known distribution, may select up to $k$ of them, and aims to maximize the expected sum of selected values. The benchmark is a prophet who observes a sequence of length $n \geq k$ and selects the $k$ largest values. We focus on the widely adopted class of single-threshold algorithms and fully characterize their $(1-\varepsilon)$-competition complexity. Notably, our results reveal a sharp competition-induced phase transition: in the absence of competition, single-threshold algorithms are fundamentally limited to a $1-1/\sqrt{2kπ}$ fraction of the prophet value, whereas even a $1\%$ multiplicative increase beyond $n$ observations suffices to achieve a $1-\exp(-Θ(k))$ fraction. Another notable result happens when $k=1$: we show that the $(1-\varepsilon)$-competition complexity is exactly $\ln(1/\varepsilon)$, fully resolving an open question by Brustle et al. [Math. Oper. Res. 2024]. Our analysis is based on infinite-dimensional linear programming and duality arguments.

Hannah Hopewell, Matthew Wakelin

This design proposal extends and intensifies the powerfully present geological conditions of Te Whanganui-a-Tara–Wellington’s harbour. Originally conceived for an international design competition it contextualises the magnitude of geologic time and imagines an embodied experience of suspension, a quality of being between worlds yet in the felt immediacy of nothing but kenetic change. The design emerges from and is given meaning by Te Ātiawa pūrākau of taniwha Ngake and Whātaitai. Together these taniwha give the why and how of Pōneke Wellington’s land and seascape; they contextualise geomorphology in deep time and express the entangled alliance between mana whenua and the specificity of place, a quality defining Pōneke Wellington. With the design we touch into multiple relational intersections made possible by the forever mercurial space where the sea and the land meet, yet do so in such a way to unsettle settler colonial schemas of landscape-seascape experience.