Hasil untuk "Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration"

Sohni Chakrabati, Rudy Kanhye

In this interview Sohni Chakrabati speaks to BIPOC and disabled artist Rudy Kanhye about his artistic practice as a descendant of the Mauritian Indian indentured labour diaspora. Chakrabati and Kanhye discuss how visiting Mauritius and researching in the archives there, have influenced his work. Kanhye discusses how far his creative work has been inspired by the continued erasure around the Indian indenture system and his desire to promote and share knowledge about the system through art. The two also reflect on the gastropoetics of the Indian indentured labour experience.

Aso M. Ali

Using the concept of commitment trap, this article makes the argument that Iran’s indirect war support to the Palestinian Hamas militant group in Gaza during the Israel-Hamas war in 2023-2024 should be explained primarily based on the Islamic Republic’s public commitment to Palestinian armed struggle against Israel. This article explains that the need to avoid the costs of abandoning its commitment to support Palestinian armed struggle compelled Iran to provide military support to Palestinian militant forces in Gaza through using its Lebanese proxy group of Hezbollah group to attack Israel from Lebanon despite the Hezbollah’s lack of preparedness to engage in a war with Israel. Thus, the defeat of Hezbollah in the resultant war with Israel weakened the Iran’s own military defense in Syria against Syrian armed opposition. As a result of this power shift, the HTS-led armed opposition succeeded in overthrowing the Iran-backed Assad government in a short war which also ended the Iran’s military-political influence in the country.

Wilson de Oliveira Neto

Gray Kochhar-Lindgren

`Floating Cities: Xi Xi, Magritte, and the Insouciance of Allegory’ examines the ekphrastic relation of text and image in relation to the operations of analogy, the proportions of which have cracked, and allegory as an insouciant genre. Xi Xi’s short-story `Marvels of a Floating City’ is clearly linked to a reflection on Hong Kong’s hand-over from London to Beijing in 1997, but it also passes through that fixed date to ask how such an image-text might operate along different registers as we pass from Aristotle toward Benjamin and Deleuze. As Magritte rightfully insists, painting (like writing) is thinking and ekphrastic allegory opens up not only mourning for the passing of all things, but also an enigmatic joy that such a fractured passaging occurs at all, especially in those marvelous moments when cities are hovering as if suspended between the sea and the sky.

Peng Jin, Jiaqi Zhou

In this paper, we study continuous-state interacting multi-type branching processes with immigration (CIMBI processes), where inter-specific interactions -- whether competitive, cooperative, or of a mixed type -- are proportional to the product of their type-population masses. We establish sufficient conditions for the CIMBI process to never hit the boundary $\partial\mathbb{R}_{+}^{d}$ when starting from the interior of $\mathbb{R}_{+}^{d}$. Additionally, we present two results concerning boundary attainment. In the first, we consider the diffusion case and prove that when the constant immigration rate is small and diffusion noise is present in each direction, the CIMBI process will almost surely hit the boundary $\partial\mathbb{R}_{+}^{d}$. In the second result, under similar conditions on the constant immigration rate and diffusion noise, but with jumps of finite activity, we show that the CIMBI process hits the boundary $\partial\mathbb{R}_{+}^{d}$ with positive probability.

Florence Gourlay, Claire Mahéo, Clément marinos

Matyas Barczy, Dániel Bezdány

We study the asymptotic behaviour of a critical decomposable 3-type Galton-Watson process with immigration when its offspring mean matrix is triangular with diagonal entries 1. It is proved that, under second or fourth order moment assumptions on the offspring and immigration distributions, a sequence of appropriately scaled random step processes formed from such a Galton-Watson process converges weakly. The limit process can be described using independent squared Bessel processes $(\mathcal{X}_{t,1})_{t\geq0}$, $(\mathcal{X}_{t,2})_{t\geq0}$, and $(\mathcal{X}_{t,3})_{t\geq0}$, the linear combinations of the integral processes of $(\mathcal{X}_{t,1})_{t\geq0}$ and $(\mathcal{X}_{t,2})_{t\geq0}$, and possibly the 2-fold iterated integral process of $(\mathcal{X}_{t,1})_{t\geq0}$. The presence of the 2-fold iterated integral process in the limit distribution is a new phenomenon in the description of asymptotic behavior of critical multi-type Galton-Watson processes with immigration. Our results complete and extend some results of Foster and Ney (1978) for some strongly critical decomposable 3-type Galton-Watson processes with immigration.

Eve Rosenhaft, Kyu Dong Lee

This article reflects on two exhibitions, in 2018 and 2019, about the Nazi persecution of German Sinti and Roma. One was produced by an Anglo-German curatorial team and toured Britain and Continental Europe. The second was designed by South Korean curators and installed temporarily in a gallery in downtown Seoul. The two exhibitions drew on the same photographic archive, narrated the persecution histories of Romani subjects of the photographs, and used the story of their relationship with the non-Romani photographer to ask questions about responsibility and to prompt visitors to reflect on their own status as “implicated subjects” in contemporary forms of discrimination. Given different expectations of the level of knowledge that visitors bring to the exhibition and different communicative tools familiar to them (the Seoul curators included creative artists), the two curatorial teams took very different approaches to informing and moving their audiences – and to meeting the recognized challenges of representing Romani history and identity – not least in the ways in which the exhibition’s message was mediated in face-to-face conversations on site. The aesthetic approach adopted in Seoul did not fully succeed in maintaining the balance between explanation and exoticization. The evaluation relies on visitor surveys (quantitative and qualitative) and interviews with guides.

Barbara Lambauer

At the end of the 19th century, several Jewish organizations, founded in Western Europe to promote Jewish emancipation in the Mediterranean area and in Eastern Europe, coordinated efforts to assist refugees and migrants leaving Eastern Europe for America. They provided relief, information and material aid for the migratory routes, while creating also educational and training infrastructures in sending and receiving countries. These projects, rarely discussed by historiography, sought simultaneously to reassure the concerns arising from the appearance of anti-Semitic movements in the Western world.

Baozhi Li, Hongyan Sun, Hua-Ming Wang

In this paper, we consider certain linear-fractional branching processes with immigration in varying environments. For $n\ge0,$ let $Z_n$ counts the number of individuals of the $n$-th generation, which excludes the immigrant which enters into the system at time $n.$ We call $n$ a regeneration time if $Z_n=0.$ We give first a criterion for the finiteness or infiniteness of the number of regeneration times. Then, we construct some concrete examples to exhibit the strange phenomena caused by the so-called varying environments. It may happen that the process is extinct but there are only finitely many regeneration times. Also, when there are infinitely many regeneration times, we show that for each $\varepsilon>0,$ the number of regeneration times in $[0,n]$ is no more than $(\log n)^{1+\varepsilon}$ as $n\rightarrow\infty.$

Andy Goldschmidt, James Kunert-Graf, Adrian C. Scott et al.

Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is a model organism for studying the morphology that emerges at the scale of multi-cell colonies. To look at how morphology develops, we collect a dataset of time-lapse photographs of the growth of different strains of S. cerevisiae. We discuss the general statistical challenges that arise when using time-lapse photographs to extract time-dependent features. In particular, we show how texture-based feature engineering and representative clustering can be successfully applied to categorize the development of yeast colony morphology using our dataset. The local binary pattern (LBP) from image processing is used to score the surface texture of colonies. This texture score develops along a smooth trajectory during growth. The path taken depends on how the morphology emerges. A hierarchical clustering of the colonies is performed according to their texture development trajectories. The clustering method is designed for practical interpretability; it obtains the best representative colony image for any hierarchical sub-cluster.

Zhichao Fang, Wout Lamers, Rodrigo Costas

Every year many scholars are funded by the China Scholarship Council (CSC). The CSC is a funding agency established by the Chinese government with the main initiative of training Chinese scholars to conduct research abroad and to promote international collaboration. In this study, we identified these CSC-funded scholars sponsored by the China Scholarship Council based on the acknowledgments text indexed by the Web of Science. Bibliometric data of their publications were collected to track their scientific mobility in different fields, and to evaluate the performance of the CSC scholarship in promoting international collaboration by sponsoring the mobility of scholars. Papers funded by the China Scholarship Council are mainly from the fields of natural sciences and engineering sciences. There are few CSC-funded papers in the field of social sciences and humanities. CSC-funded scholars from mainland China have the United States, Australia, Canada, and some European countries, such as Germany, the UK, and the Netherlands, as their preferential mobility destinations across all fields of science. CSC-funded scholars published most of their papers with international collaboration during the mobility period, with a decrease in the share of international collaboration after the support of the scholarship.

Espen Volnes, Thomas Plagemann, Vera Goebel

One of the most important issues in data stream processing systems is to use operator migration to handle highly variable workloads in a cost-efficient manner and adapt to the needs at any given time on demand. Operator migration is a complex process that involves changes in the state and stream management of a running query, typically without any loss of data, and with as little disruption to the execution as possible. This survey provides an overview of solutions for operator migration from a historical perspective as well as the perspective of the goal of migration. It introduces a conceptual model of operator migration to establish a unified terminology and classify existing solutions. Existing work in the area is analyzed to separate the mechanism of migration from the decision to migrate the data. In case of the latter, a cost-benefit analysis is emphasized that is important for operator migration but is often only implicitly addressed, or is neglected altogether. A description of the available solutions provides the reader with a good understanding of the design alternatives from an algorithmic viewpoint. We complement this with an empirical study to provide quantitative insights on the impact of different design alternatives on the mechanisms of migration.

Flávia Mantovani

Repensar a escrita da História é tarefa que vem ocupando um lugar considerável na produção de historiadores, sobretudo, ao longo do século XX. Considerando outros sujeitos, objetos e olhares, o campo historiográfico abre-se para novos problemas. Este texto apresenta possibilidades de escrita da História na interface com a sexualidade a partir da produção literária de Cassandra Rios (1932-2002), escritora conhecida como a “mais proibida do Brasil”, a julgar por seus mais de trinta livros vetados pela censura vigente, também, na Ditadura Militar. A partir de alguns questionamentos colocados pelo campo da História das Mulheres, apresenta-se uma possibilidade de escrita da História por meio da perspectiva de mulheres lésbicas, haja vista a temática abordada por Rios em grande parte de sua escrita, voltada para histórias de desejo entre mulheres. Ao final, apontam-se perspectivas em Cassandra Rios de visibilizar tais sujeitos, geralmente ausentes na historiografia, e a potencialidade de sua produção literária como fonte pertinente na (re)escrita da história de sujeitos com sexualidades dissidentes.

Selene Gaspar Olvera, Rodolfo García Zamora

Resumen La emigración de mexicanos ha sido predominantemente en edades laborales y reproductivas, a ese contingente se han sumado a lo largo del tiempo los llamados “llegados en la infancia” que se caracterizan por haber ingresado a Estados Unidos cuando eran menores de edad. Algunos se han establecido de manera permanente a través de un medio legal; otros, en cambio, permanecen con estatus irregular de residencia, situación que supone oportunidades diferenciadas en su desarrollo personal y profesional, y de integración a la sociedad estadounidense. Observamos que aun entre los no naturalizados la edad de llegada temprana favorece cambios en el capital humano de los inmigrantes mexicanos y diversifica su participación ocupacional, maximizando las posibilidades de integración y su aporte a la sociedad de residencia. La ciudadanía estadounidense obtenida por naturalización es un mejor predictor de integración pues les permite acceder a derechos políticos y sociales y reduce la desigualdad salarial.

Mikhail Shubov

A technologically mature colony on Mars can produce and deliver at least 1 million tons of liquid hydrogen per year to one or more propellant depots at Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Production of 1 $kg$ of hydrogen at Marian colony and its delivery to LEO requires an energy expenditure of 1.4 $GJ$ on Mars. LEO propellant depot contains hydrogen produced on Mars and oxygen produced on the Moon or near-Earth asteroids. This propellant is used to deliver payload from LEO to many destinations in the Solar System including Mars. Delivery of 1 $kg$ payload from LEO to Mars requires an energy expenditure of 3.5 $GJ$ on Mars, Moon, and near-Earth asteroids. The use of liquid hydrogen produced on Mars to deliver astronauts and payload to Mars ensures exponential bootstrap growth of the Martian colony. Martian Colony and delivery of millions of tons of liquid hydrogen to LEO is the key to Colonization of Solar System. %% Martian Colony starts transporting liquid hydrogen to LEO only after it grows to significant size. It should contain about 20 million tons of steel and 3 million tons of plastic in structures and material as well as several thousand astronauts. Prior to that time, LEO hydrogen deposit will be supplied by hydrogen from Lunar poles.

Matyas Barczy, Dániel Bezdány, Gyula Pap

In this somewhat didactic note we give a detailed alternative proof of the known result due to Wei and Winnicki (1989) which states that under second order moment assumptions on the offspring and immigration distributions the sequence of appropriately scaled random step functions formed from a critical Galton-Watson process with immigration (starting from not necessarily zero) converges weakly towards a squared Bessel process. The proof of Wei and Winnicki (1989) is based on infinitesimal generators, while we use limit theorems for random step processes towards a diffusion process due to Ispány and Pap (2010). This technique was already used in Ispány (2008), where he proved functional limit theorems for a sequence of some appropriately normalized nearly critical Galton-Watson processes with immigration starting from zero, where the offspring means tend to its critical value 1. As a special case of Theorem 2.1 in Ispány (2008) one can get back the result of Wei and Winnicki (1989) in the case of zero initial value. In the present note we handle non-zero initial values with the technique used in Ispány (2008), and further, we simplify some of the arguments in the proof of Theorem 2.1 in Ispány (2008) as well.

Ismael Cortés Gómez

This study conducts a framing analysis of how Spanish journalism represents “Gypsy identity” within the markers of dangerousness and criminality (in the period from 2010 to 2018). The paper aims to validate the following underpinning hypothesis: as symbolic and epistemic violence, antigypsyism legitimizes systemic racial discrimination and exclusion against Roma in Spain. The article is organized into five sections. First, an analytical framework introduces the notions of “antigypsyism,” “structural discrimination,” “social fear,” “symbolic violence,” “epistemic violence,” and “framing analysis.” Second, a case study is presented on a sample of 150 national news reports that portray Romani characters in a biased way. Third, this analysis informs an ethical and legal debate that challenges the limits of free speech and the uses of discriminatory and biased language in informative narratives. The fourth section examines and provides conclusions regarding the correlation between structural discrimination against Roma and the role of media in engendering the stigma of the “Gypsy threat.” Finally, the article includes a series of recommendations that could be used to counteract racism in news narratives.

Congzao Dong, Alexander Iksanov

By a random process with immigration at random times we mean a shot noise process with a random response function (response process) in which shots occur at arbitrary random times. The so defined random processes generalize random processes with immigration at the epochs of a renewal process which were introduced in [Iksanov et al. (2017). Bernoulli, 23, 1233--1278] and bear a strong resemblance to a random characteristic in general branching processes and the counting process in a fixed generation of a branching random walk generated by a general point process. We provide sufficient conditions which ensure weak convergence of finite-dimensional distributions of these processes to certain Gaussian processes. Our main result is specialised to several particular instances of random times and response processes.

Janice Gonçalves