Hasil untuk "By period"

A. Welford

P. Montarolo, P. Goelet, V. Castellucci et al.

R. Souchez

M. Crair, R. Malenka

K. Jeffay, D. Stanat, C. Martel

Sang Yang, Zhixin Peng

In this Letter, we clarify the physical origin of effective transport in periodic and tilted periodic systems. When Brownian dynamics is examined on the scale of a single period, the particle displacement admits a natural separation into a bounded part associated with recurrent motion within the periodic landscape, and an unbounded stochastic part that grows in time and carries the net transport. We show that effective drift and diffusion are governed entirely by this unbounded component, while local potential-induced fluctuations contribute only bounded corrections. Treating the displacement as an additive functional of the stochastic dynamics provides a rigorous formulation of this separation and leads to a corrector-martingale representation at the trajectory level. Within this framework, classical results-including the Lifson-Jackson formula for unbiased periodic systems and the Stratonovich expressions for tilted periodic potentials-follow as direct consequences of the same underlying structure. The same perspective extends naturally to higher-dimensional periodic environments, recovering the standard homogenized transport tensors.

Mikiyas G. Teferi, Bethel A. Awoke, Iyassu S. Melkie et al.

Background: Mortality prediction scoring systems are essential tools for quality assessment and clinical decision-making in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). The Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM2) is widely used in high-income countries, but its validity in resource-limited settings remains uncertain. Objective: To evaluate the validity of PIM2 in predicting mortality among children admitted to a PICU in Ethiopia. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital PICU, Ethiopia, from February 1 to July 31, 2025. All children aged 1 month to 14 years admitted during the study period were enrolled. PIM2 scores were calculated within one hour of PICU admission using physiological and clinical variables. The primary outcome was mortality at PICU discharge. Discrimination was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), and calibration was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Results: Of 76 enrolled patients, 31 (40.8 %) died and 45 (59.2 %) survived. Median age was 24 months (IQR 12–48 months), and 47 (61.8 %) were male. The median PIM2 score was 8.5 % (IQR 3.2–25.6 %). PIM2 demonstrated poor discrimination with an AUROC of 0.651 (95 % CI 0.525–0.777, p = 0.029). Calibration was also poor (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ²=15.8, p = 0.045). The standardized mortality ratio was 1.32, indicating observed mortality exceeded predicted mortality by 32 %. Conclusions: PIM2 showed poor performance in predicting mortality in an Ethiopian PICU setting. This finding highlights the need for local recalibration or development of context-specific mortality prediction tools for resource-limited settings with different case-mix, disease patterns, and treatment protocols.

J. J. Carrera-Hernández

<p>This work presents Mexico's High Resolution Climate Database (MexHiResClimDB), which is a newly developed gridded, high-resolution climate dataset comprised of daily, monthly and yearly precipitation and temperature (<span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_min</span>, <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_max</span>, <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_avg</span>). This new database provides the largest temporal coverage of the aforementioned climate variables at the highest spatial resolution (20 arcsec, or 560 m on Mexico's CCL projection) when compared to the other currently available gridded datasets for Mexico and its development has allowed for the analysis of the country's climate extremes for the 1951–2020 period. By comparing the spatial distribution of precipitation from the MexHiResClimDB with other gridded data (Daymet, L15, CHIRPS and PERSIANN CDR), it was found that the precipitation provided by this new dataset adequately represents the spatial variation of extreme precipitation events, in particular for the precipitation that occurred during 15–16 September 2013, caused by the presence of Tropical storm Manuel in the Pacific Ocean and Hurricane Ingrid (Cat 1) in the Gulf of Mexico. Using data from 61 days retrieved from Automated Weather Stations located throughout Mexico – and correspoding to the two months with the largest precipitation in Mexico – it was found that precipitation data from MexHiResClimDB has the lowest MAE (8.7 mm), compared to those of L15 (9.5 mm), Daymet (10.1 mm) and CHIRPS (11.7 mm). For <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_min</span> and <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_max</span>, the lowest MAE was obtained with MexHiResClimDB (1.7 and 1.8 °C, respectively), followed by Daymet (2.0 °C for both temperatures) and L15 (2.4 and 2.5 °C). With this new database an analysis of the extreme events of precipitation and temperature in Mexico for the 1951–2020 period was undertaken: the wettest year was 1958, the wettest day 26 September 1970, and September of 2013 the wettest month. It was also found that eight out of the ten days with the highest <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_min</span> occurred in 2020, the two months with the highest <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_min</span> were July and August of 2020 and that the six years with the highest <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_min</span> were 2015–2020. When <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_max</span> was analysed, it was found that the hottest day was 15 June 1998, while June of 1998 was the hottest month and 2020 the hottest year, and that the four hottest years occurred between 2011–2020. Nationwide (and considering 1961–1990 as the baseline period), <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_min</span>, <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_avg</span> and <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_max</span> have increased, with their anomalies drastically increasing in recent years and reaching values above 1.0 °C in 2020. At the same time, precipitation has also decreased in recent years – which combined with the increase in temperature will have severe impacts on water availability. This new database provides a tool to quantify – in detail – the spatio-temporal variability of climate throughout Mexico.</p> <p>The MexHiResClimDB entire dataset is available on Figshare (<a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7689428.v2">https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7689428.v2</a>, <span class="cit" id="xref_altparen.1"><a href="#bib1.bibx16">Carrera-Hernández</a>, <a href="#bib1.bibx16">2025</a><a href="#bib1.bibx16">a</a></span>).</p>

Riley B. Jackson, Tyler M. Wilson, Joseph S. Wilson et al.

<i>Lavandula angustifolia</i> Mill., lavender, is an aromatic plant in the Lamiaceae family. Lavender, which is native to the Mediterranean region but cultivated throughout the world, is an important economic plant. Several studies have investigated two aspects of this aromatic plant: (1) which pollinators, particularly bees, pollinate lavender, and (2) the composition of lavender essential oil. However, little research has been conducted to investigate how pollination affects either the yield or phytochemistry of lavender. The current study, which was conducted in North America, investigates which bee species visit lavender and how pollination affects plant chemistry, specifically the essential oil produced by lavender. Over the course of the 5-week observational period, a total of 12 species (across 10 genera) of bees were identified visiting lavender. Compared to previous studies on cultivated lavender at the same site (Mt. Nebo Botanical Farm, Mona, UT), four bee species not previously observed on lavender were identified. These included <i>Hoplitis producta</i>, <i>Nomada</i> sp., <i>Osmia trevoris</i>, and <i>Megachile snowi</i>. Pollinated lavender, compared to lavender excluded from pollinators, produced more essential oil (yield (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) = 1.49% vs. 1.07%), lower relative amounts of linalool (35.4% vs. 39.9%), and higher relative amounts of linalyl acetate (21.3% vs. 16.8%). The findings of this study demonstrate the ecological interactions between pollinators and lavender, and how those interactions impact phytochemistry.

D. Durstewitz, J. Seamans, T. Sejnowski et al.

Kefeng Liu, Yang Shen

In this paper we prove a conjecture of Griffiths about vanishing of the zeroth cohomology groups of locally homogeneous vector bundles on compact quotients of non-classical period domains, and construct a new $G_\R$-invariant complex structure on any non-classical period domain $D=G_\R/V$ with $G_\R$ of Hermitian type. Various geometric and algebraic characterizations of non-classical period domains and several geometric applications on their compact quotients are deduced as consequences of our results.

Franck Zarlenga

Over the period from its first issue in January 1873 to the day after the law on the separation of Church and State, the Revue catholique des institutions et du droit published no fewer than three hundred articles dealing directly or indirectly with the right of association. The issue was therefore fundamental for this journal, which was a vehicle for the ideas of Catholic counter-revolutionary ‘intransigeantisme’. In 1906, the RCID came out against the trial of ‘cultuelles’ associations under the 1905 law: this was because the very principles on which these associations were established were in total contradiction with those on which the Church was founded. The Church was based on an ecclesiastical hierarchy of divine institution, not on associations of equal lay people deriving their power from a private law contract. The Catholic doctrine of the Church ‘société-parfaite’, which was dominant in the 19th century, and which the review would stubbornly echo, could not tolerate the fact that the evolution of relations between the State and the Church reduced the latter to the rank of a mere conventional association under private law. More precisely, the reduction of the legal status of the Church to that of an association was analysed by these jurists of faith as the importation into the law of religions under reform of the ‘collégiales’ doctrines of the German Protestant jurists of the 17th-18th centuries, an ecclesiastical law whose empire was all the more growing, in the eyes of the intransigents, as it was exercised in a State won over to revolutionary principles and the Republic.

K. Anderson, K. Anderson, K. Anderson et al.

<p>The Global Forest Fire Emissions Prediction System (GFFEPS) is a model that estimates biomass burning in near-real time for global air quality forecasting. The model uses a bottom-up approach, based on remotely sensed hotspot locations, and global databases linking burned area per hotspot to ecosystem-type classification at a 1 km resolution. Unlike other global fire emissions models, GFFEPS provides dynamic estimates of fuel consumption, fire behaviour and fire growth based on the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System, plant phenology as calculated from daily global weather and burned-area estimates using near-real-time Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) satellite-detected hotspots and historical burned-area statistics. Combining forecasts of daily fire weather and hourly meteorological conditions with a global land classification, GFFEPS produces fuel consumption and emission predictions in 3 h time steps (in contrast to non-dynamic models that use fixed consumption rates and require a collection of burned area to make post-burn estimates of emissions). GFFEPS has been designed for use in operational forecasting applications as well as historical simulations for which data are available. A study was conducted showing GFFEPS predictions through a 6-year period (2015–2020). Regional annual total smoke emissions, burned area and total fuel consumption per unit area as predicted by GFFEPS were generated to assess model performance over multiple years and regions. The model's fuel consumption per unit area results clearly distinguished regions dominated by grassland (Africa) from those dominated by forests (boreal regions) and showed high variability in regions affected by El Niño and deforestation. GFFEPS carbon emissions and burned area were then compared to other global wildfire emissions models, including the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS), the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED4.1s) and the Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN 1.5 and 2.5). GFFEPS estimated values lower than GFAS and GFED (80 % and 74 %) and had values similar to FINN 1.5 (97 %). This was largely due to the impact of fuel moisture on consumption rates as captured by the dynamic weather modelling. Model evaluation efforts to date are described – an ongoing effort is underway to further validate the model, with further developments and improvements expected in the future.</p>

Oguzhan Kahraman, Fatma Inal, Huzur Derya Arık et al.

This study aimed to determine the effects of kefir addition on dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and protein apparent digestibility, faecal characteristics, haematology, and biochemistry parameters of healthy dogs. Twenty-one adult Golden Retriever dogs were divided into three groups: Control (CON, no kefir), KF1 (2 × 106 CFU/g kefir), and KF2 (4 × 106 CFU/g kefir). The dogs were fed for a 30-day administration period. Blood was taken from all dogs on the initial (day 0) and last day (day 30). Stool consistency of the dogs were scored according to 1–5 system (1 = diarrhea-like, 5 = formed and too dry) on the last five days before taking fresh faecal samples to determine digestibility, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), ammonia, pH and DM levels. The highest DM, OM and protein digestibility levels were determined in KF2 (p < 0.05). Kefir addition improved the faecal scores of KF1 and KF2 (p < 0.05). Faecal pH was lower in KF2 than CON (p < 0.001). The lowest faecal ammonia levels were found in KF1 and KF2 (p < 0.001). Increased faecal acetic and total SCFA levels were detected in the kefir groups, and KF2 had the highest propionic acid level (p < 0.05). The lowest cholesterol level was determined in KF2, and the lowest triglyceride levels were determined in KF1 and KF2 on the 30th day (p < 0.05). A significant decrease in cholesterol, triglyceride, and creatinine was detected to the KF2 dog’s first and last day (p < 0.05). Blood MCHC was affected by kefir in KF2 (p < 0.05). These results indicated that 2–4 gr of kefir had positive effects on nutrient digestibility, colon fermentation, stool consistency, and the blood parameters of dogs.Highlights Kefir is a traditional dairy product with multiple probiotic characteristics that boosts the immunity and overall gastrointestinal health of animals. In a study involving 21 dogs, dietary supplementation of kefir improved protein digestibility of food and reduced serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Kefir reduced faecal ammonia and increased SCFAs. Kefir could be further developed as a functional dietary food supplement to improve the quality of life of dogs.

Yang Yang, Sam Schulhofer-Wohl, Wenjiang J. Fu et al.

Felix Günther

We study compact polyhedral surfaces as Riemann surfaces and their discrete counterparts obtained through quadrilateral cellular decompositions and a linear discretization of the Cauchy-Riemann equation. By ensuring uniformly bounded interior and intersection angles of diagonals, we establish the convergence of discrete Dirichlet energies of discrete harmonic differentials with equal black and white periods to the Dirichlet energy of the corresponding continuous harmonic differential with the same periods. This convergence also extends to the discrete period matrix, with a description of the blocks of the complete discrete period matrix in the limit. Moreover, when the quadrilaterals have orthogonal diagonals, we observe convergence of discrete Abelian integrals of the first kind. Adapting the quadrangulations around conical singularities allows us to improve the convergence rate to a linear function of the maximum edge length.

Hasan Pasalari, Angila Ataei-Pirkooh, Mitra Gholami et al.

The surveillance of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) as the end point of SARS-CoV-2 shed from infected people arise a speculation on transmission of this virus of concern from WWTP in epidemic period. To this end, the present study was developed to comprehensively investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in raw wastewater, effluent and air inhaled by workers and employee in the largest WWTP in Tehran for one-year study period. The monthly raw wastewater, effluent and air samples of WWTP were taken and the SARS-CoV-2 RNA were detected using QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit and real-time RT-PCR assay. According to results, the speculation on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 was proved in WWTP by detection this virus in raw wastewater. However, no SARS-CoV-2 was found in both effluent and air of WWTP; this presents the low or no infection for workers and employee in WWTP. Furthermore, further research are needed for detection the SARS-CoV-2 in solid and biomass produced from WWTP processes due to flaks formation, followed by sedimentation in order to better understand the wastewater-based epidemiology and preventive measurement for other epidemics probably encountered in the future.

R. Tilvis, Mervi H Kähönen-Väre, J. Jolkkonen et al.

W. Engle

Consistent definitions to describe the length of gestation and age in neonates are needed to compare neurodevelopmental, medical, and growth outcomes. The purposes of this policy statement are to review conventional definitions of age during the perinatal period and to recommend use of standard terminology including gestational age, postmenstrual age, chronological age, corrected age, adjusted age, and estimated date of delivery.

Cleber Fernando Colle

In his Ph.D. thesis, Michal Szabados conjectured that for a not fully periodic configuration with a minimal periodic decomposition the nonexpansive lines are exactly the lines that contain a period for some periodic configuration in such decomposition. In this paper, we study Szabados's conjecture. First, we show that we may consider a minimal periodic decomposition where each periodic configuration is defined on a finite alphabet. Then we prove that Szabados's conjecture holds for a wide class of configurations, which includes all not fully periodic low convex pattern complexity configurations.