This draft book offers a comprehensive and rigorous treatment of the mathematical principles underlying modern deep learning. The book spans core theoretical topics, from the approximation capabilities of deep neural networks, the theory and algorithms of optimal control and reinforcement learning integrated with deep learning techniques, to contemporary generative models that drive today's advances in artificial intelligence.
Musri Kona, Jemi V. Palpialy, Andi Frianto Peranginangi
The context of this study is that the degree of customer satisfaction attained by airline businesses in the air transportation industry does not align with management goals. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how customer perceptions of satisfaction are impacted by brand image and Quality of Service, as mediated by green marketing, in the aviation industry. Clients or users of air transportation business services were given online questionnaires as part of the study's quantitative survey methodology. In order to address hypotheses and identify the best structural equation model with Smart-PLS, this study goes through the steps of evaluating the reliability and validity of instruments, KMO-MSA, Factor analysis, Bartlett tests, and Path analysis. The findings demonstrated that the hypotheses namely, Direct relationship (1) Brand Image on Green Marketing, (2) Quality of Service on Green Marketing, (3) Green Marketing on Satisfaction Perceived of Customer, (4) Quality of Service on Satisfaction Perceived of Customer, (5) Brand Image on Satisfaction Perceived of Customer were successfully demonstrated to be Positive and Significant. Green marketing also has the Indirect relationship impact of somewhat mediating the relationship (6) Brand Image on Satisfaction of Customer Mediated by Green Marketing, and (7) Quality of Service on Satisfaction of Customer Mediated by Green Marketing. The results of this study provide several managerial implications that can be applied to improve Brand Image and Quality of Service in the Air Transport Business.
Analysis, Business mathematics. Commercial arithmetic. Including tables, etc.
Siddharth Khincha, Tushar Kataria, Ankita Anand
et al.
The vast amount of online information today poses challenges for non-English speakers, as much of it is concentrated in high-resource languages such as English and French. Wikipedia reflects this imbalance, with content in low-resource languages frequently outdated or incomplete. Recent research has sought to improve cross-language synchronization of Wikipedia tables using rule-based methods. These approaches can be effective, but they struggle with complexity and generalization. This paper explores large language models (LLMs) for multilingual information synchronization, using zero-shot prompting as a scalable solution. We introduce the Information Updation dataset, simulating the real-world process of updating outdated Wikipedia tables, and evaluate LLM performance. Our findings reveal that single-prompt approaches often produce suboptimal results, prompting us to introduce a task decomposition strategy that enhances coherence and accuracy. Our proposed method outperforms existing baselines, particularly in Information Updation (1.79%) and Information Addition (20.58%), highlighting the model strength in dynamically updating and enriching data across architectures.
Business process models are essential for the representation, analysis, and execution of organizational processes, serving as orchestration blueprints while relying on (web) services to implement individual tasks. At the representation level, there are two dominant paradigms: procedural (imperative) notations that specify the sequential flows within a process and declarative notations that capture the process as a set of constraints. Although each notation offers distinct advantages in representational clarity and cognitive effectiveness, they are seldom integrated, leading to compatibility challenges. In this paper, we set aside the imperative-declarative dichotomy to focus on orchestrating services that execute the underlying tasks. We propose an execution semantics based on the Continuous Query Language (CQL), where CQL statements respond dynamically to streams of events. As events unfold, these CQL statements update the execution state (tables) and can generate new events, effectively triggering (web) services that implement specific process tasks. By defining all executions around a unified event model, we achieve cross-language and cross-paradigm process enactment. We showcase how industrial process modeling languages, such as BPMN and DCR graphs, can be enacted through CQL queries, allowing seamless orchestration and execution of services across diverse modeling paradigms.
Nasser Safaie, Amir Sadighi, Majid Mirzaee Ghazani
This research investigates the relationships between investors’ behavioral biases and compares their relative importance. For this purpose, a survey is conducted, and analytical methods are used. The sample for this study has been 512 individual investors of the Tehran Stock Exchange who completed an online questionnaire. The respondents replied about their behavior in different situations to analyze the prevalence of asymmetric discounting, mental accounting, shifting risk preference, loss aversion, regret aversion, overconfidence, proxy decision making, ambiguity aversion bias, anchoring, and herd behavior as significant fields of behavioral biases in their investment decisions. The data is analyzed using two different analytical techniques. A model based on structural equations is designed and tested to analyze the relations between these fields. Another integrated method, the DEMATEL-based analytic network process, is also used to prioritize and rank these behavioral biases. Finally, the results are compared and confirmed by each other. Analyzing the results proves the existence of 19 positive and statistically significant relations between these fields. Thus, an increase or decrease in the intensity of a particular field of behavioral biases in one’s decisions significantly affects the intensity of other fields. The present study finds that shifting risk preference, anchoring, loss aversion, and regret aversion are the most important fields of behavioral biases based on their prevalence among investors and their correlations with other biases.
Analysis, Business mathematics. Commercial arithmetic. Including tables, etc.
Let $p$ be a large odd prime, let $x=\log p)(\log\log p)^{3+\varepsilon}$ and let $q\ll\log\log p$ be an integer, where $\varepsilon>0$ is a small number. This note proves the existence of small prime quadratic residues and small prime quadratic nonresidues in the arithmetic progression $a+qm\ll x$, with relatively prime $1\leq a<q$, unconditionally. The same results are generalized to small prime $k$th power residues and nonresidues, where $k\mid p-1$ and $k\ll\log\log p$.
Whether for shielding applications or for criticality safety studies, solving the neutron transport equation with good accuracy requires to take into account the resonant structure of cross sections in part of the Unresolved Resonance Region (URR). In this energy range even if the resonances can no longer be resolved experimentally, neglecting them can lead to significant numerical biases, namely in flux-based quantities. In Geant4, low energy neutrons are transported using evaluated nuclear data libraries handled by the Neutron High-Precision (Neutron-HP) package. In the version 11.01.p02 of the code, the URR can only be described by average smooth cross sections that do not take into account the statistical resonant structure of the cross sections. To overcome this shortcoming, the treatment of the URR with the use of the probability table method has been implemented in Geant4 and successfully validated with the reference Monte Carlo neutron transport codes MCNP6 (version 6.2) and Tripoli-4 (version 12). These developments will be taken into account in the next release of Geant4. All the validations of Geant4 have been performed with probability tables generated from both the NJOY and CALENDF pre-processing tools. Therefore Geant4 now has this unique feature to study the relative impact of the strategies involved during the production of probability table by the two pre-processing codes. This has been used to show that self-shielding is important also for inelastic cross sections in the example of 238U. The tool to generate probability tables usable by Geant4 either from NJOY or from CALENDF is made available on a dedicated GitLab repository and will be included in Geant4.
Riza Andrian Ibrahim, Sukono Sukono, Herlina Napitupulu
et al.
Losses experienced by the Indonesian government due to floods are predicted. It is because of the significance of population growth, closure of water catchment areas, and climate change in many regions in Indonesia. The government has tried to reduce the risk but faces insufficient funds. Therefore, new innovative funding sources are essential to overcome these limitations. One way to obtain it is through issuing Flood Catastrophe Bonds (FCB). Unfortunately, Indonesia has had no FCB price estimate until now. On the basis of this problem, this study aims to estimate the FCB price in Indonesia. The primary method used is the approximation method of the aggregate loss distribution. This method can compute the aggregate flood loss cumulative distribution function value faster. The FCB fair price estimation results are cheap because the risk of the instrument is significant. This significant risk is also proportional to the large return. Finally, further analysis shows that in Indonesia, the attachment point of the FCB has a relationship that is in line with the price, while the term of FCB does not. This research is expected to assist the Indonesian government in determining the fair price of FCB in Indonesia. This research can assist the investors in choosing FCB based on expected return, attachment point, and the term they want.
Analysis, Business mathematics. Commercial arithmetic. Including tables, etc.
Francesco Zammori, Giovanni Romagnoli, Serena Filippelli
With Newsvendor Problem (NvP) we refer to a specific class of inventory management problems, valid for a single item with stochastic demand over a single period. In the standard version, the newsvendor is allowed to issue a single order, before he or she can observe the actual demand. Since the newsvendor can face both overage and underage costs, due to lost sales or residual stock, the objective is to define the optimal order size that maximizes the expected profit. In this paper, we consider a specific version of the NvP, in which the buyer has the opportunity to make a last and single order for opportunistic reasons. Specifically, we consider discontinued, collectible items, for which demand will not vanish and whose value might appreciate. Hence, the objective is to define the optimal quantity that should be purchased, just before the item is retired from the market or sold-out, and that should be sold as soon as the price rises over a predefined target level. An optimal solution, maximizing the expected profit, is obtained both in case of negligible and non-negligible stockholding costs. In the latter case, to obtain the optimal solution in implicit form, some simplifying assumptions are needed. Hence, a thorough numerical analysis is finally performed, as a way to empirically demonstrate both the robustness and the accuracy of the model, in several scenarios differentiated in terms of costs and customers’ demand.
Analysis, Business mathematics. Commercial arithmetic. Including tables, etc.
Commercial organisations are holding and processing an ever-increasing amount of personal data. Policies and laws are continually changing to require these companies to be more transparent regarding the collection, storage, processing and sharing of this data. This paper reports our work of taking Booking.com as a case study to visualise personal data flows extracted from their privacy policy. By showcasing how the company shares its consumers' personal data, we raise questions and extend discussions on the challenges and limitations of using privacy policies to inform online users about the true scale and the landscape of personal data flows. This case study can inform us about future research on more data flow-oriented privacy policy analysis and on the construction of a more comprehensive ontology on personal data flows in complicated business ecosystems.
Khurram Azeem Hashmi, Didier Stricker, Marcus Liwicki
et al.
This paper presents the novel approach towards table structure recognition by leveraging the guided anchors. The concept differs from current state-of-the-art approaches for table structure recognition that naively apply object detection methods. In contrast to prior techniques, first, we estimate the viable anchors for table structure recognition. Subsequently, these anchors are exploited to locate the rows and columns in tabular images. Furthermore, the paper introduces a simple and effective method that improves the results by using tabular layouts in realistic scenarios. The proposed method is exhaustively evaluated on the two publicly available datasets of table structure recognition i.e ICDAR-2013 and TabStructDB. We accomplished state-of-the-art results on the ICDAR-2013 dataset with an average F-Measure of 95.05$\%$ (94.6$\%$ for rows and 96.32$\%$ for columns) and surpassed the baseline results on the TabStructDB dataset with an average F-Measure of 94.17$\%$ (94.08$\%$ for rows and 95.06$\%$ for columns).
We show that the recent conjecture of the first-named author for the special value at $s=1$ of the zeta function of an arithmetic surface is equivalent to the Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for the Jacobian of the generic fibre.
Question answering from semi-structured tables can be seen as a semantic parsing task and is significant and practical for pushing the boundary of natural language understanding. Existing research mainly focuses on understanding contents from unstructured evidence, e.g., news, natural language sentences, and documents. The task of verification from structured evidence, such as tables, charts, and databases, is still less explored. This paper describes sattiy team's system in SemEval-2021 task 9: Statement Verification and Evidence Finding with Tables (SEM-TAB-FACT). This competition aims to verify statements and to find evidence from tables for scientific articles and to promote the proper interpretation of the surrounding article. In this paper, we exploited ensemble models of pre-trained language models over tables, TaPas and TaBERT, for Task A and adjust the result based on some rules extracted for Task B. Finally, in the leaderboard, we attain the F1 scores of 0.8496 and 0.7732 in Task A for the 2-way and 3-way evaluation, respectively, and the F1 score of 0.4856 in Task B.
This research aims to analyze the relationship between the fiscal capacity of district and city governments in East Java Province with uploading on the website. This research is important to find out the extent to which the Government needs to provide public information that can be accessed by the public and stakeholders, and the existence of transparency that provides a positive image for the government. This type of research is associative research. The population in this study were all-district / city local governments in East Java with a focus on 2017. Based on the criteria determined in the sample selection using purposive sampling techniques, there were 36 local governments used in the study. Research results show that the amount of wealth owned by local governments does not encourage local governments to disclose financial statements on local government websites. While local governments with high levels of leverage tend to cover their financial statements. This can be due to the higher leverage, the lower the funding obtained from creditors. The high level of leverage that is owned by local governments makes creditors will rethink in lending funds because it takes into account the ability to pay long-term obligations. In addition, the use of high debt as a source of regional financing can signal a negative performance of local governments.
Accounting. Bookkeeping, Business mathematics. Commercial arithmetic. Including tables, etc.
A new tabulation of electronic factors is reported for electron conversion for elements of Z from 5 to 126 and electronic factors for electron-positron pair conversion for elements of even Z from 4 to 100. The electronic factors for electron conversion, $Ω_{CE}$(E0), were calculated using a modified version of the CATAR program developed by Pauli and Raff with a relativistic-Hartree-Fock-Slater approach (Pauli and Raff, 1975). The electronic factors for electron-positron pair conversion, $Ω_{IPF}$(E0), were calculated using the model developed by Wilkinson (1969). The data tables presented here cover all atomic shells up to R2 and transition energies from 1 keV to 6000 keV and from 1100 keV to 8000 keV for pair conversion. A comparison with previous electronic factor tabulations is presented. Ratios of experimental Ω(E0) values for 83 E0 transitions in 8$\leq$Z$\leq$98 are compared to this tabulation. Two examples of how to use the tabulation to extract E0 strengths are also included.
This paper stresses the importance of materiality in accounting and organization studies. Accounting and organization studies have overlooked the ways in which accounting and organizing is bound up with the material forms and spaces through which humans act and interact. To incorporate the materiality concept in accounting and organization research, an agential realism research approach is proposed in this paper (Barad 2007). The paper concludes that agential realism can at least make three contributions to the literature. First, Baradian studies can contribute by illustrating the importance of material relations in the constitution of accounting and management practices. By interrogating the rich variety of materialities involved in the practices of measurement or making of innovation, Baradian studies expand the methodological choices available to practice-theoretic accounts of accounting or innovation work. It is the entanglement of many types of matter that perform and affect (sometimes in a disruptive way) the making of accounting measures or innovation. Second, Baradian studies can contribute by reframing the causal relations from which accounting measurements and innovations are made. Baradian studies can illustrate the intra-dependencies that exist between the things represented and constituted, and the representations made. Finally, Baradian studies can contribute by illustrating the ways in which properties of abstract concepts and ideals (e.g. liabilities, innovation) are the consequence, not of human-based practice, but of socio-material re-configurings.
Business, Business mathematics. Commercial arithmetic. Including tables, etc.
M. J. van Setten, M. Giantomassi, E. Bousquet
et al.
First-principles calculations in crystalline structures are often performed with a planewave basis set. To make the number of basis functions tractable two approximations are usually introduced: core electrons are frozen and the diverging Coulomb potential near the nucleus is replaced by a smoother expression. The norm-conserving pseudopotential was the first successful method to apply these approximations in a fully ab initio way. Later on, more efficient and more exact approaches were developed based on the ultrasoft and the projector augmented wave formalisms. These formalisms are however more complex and developing new features in these frameworks is usually more difficult than in the norm-conserving framework. Most of the existing tables of norm- conserving pseudopotentials, generated long ago, do not include the latest developments, are not systematically tested or are not designed primarily for high accuracy. In this paper, we present our PseudoDojo framework for developing and testing full tables of pseudopotentials, and demonstrate it with a new table generated with the ONCVPSP approach. The PseudoDojo is an open source project, building on the AbiPy package, for developing and systematically testing pseudopotentials. At present it contains 7 different batteries of tests executed with ABINIT, which are performed as a function of the energy cutoff. The results of these tests are then used to provide hints for the energy cutoff for actual production calculations. Our final set contains 141 pseudopotentials split into a standard and a stringent accuracy table. In total around 70.000 calculations were performed to test the pseudopotentials. The process of developing the final table led to new insights into the effects of both the core-valence partitioning and the non-linear core corrections on the stability, convergence, and transferability of norm-conserving pseudopotentials. ...
Thanh Thoa Pham Thi, Markus Helfert, Fakir Hossain
et al.
Discovering business rules from business process models are of advantage to ensure the compliance of business processes with business rules. Furthermore it provides the agility of business processes in case of business rules evolution. Current approaches are limited on types of rules that can be discovered. This paper analyses the expression power of some popular business process modelling languages in embedding business rules in its presentation and provides indicators to extract various types of business rules from business process models.