Hasil untuk "Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc."

Jingxin Liu, Simian Huang, Kai Chen et al.

Elvis Mamani-Vargas, Adonai Escobar-Banda, Mario Uscamaita-Carrasco et al.

This study characterizes Festuca dolichophylla fibers, a native species traditionally used to fabricate structural cables for the Q’eswachaka suspension bridge in Peru. The moisture content was determined by oven-drying, and the apparent density was assessed using volume by water immersion and flotation tube methods. Tensile tests were conducted on three distinct groups: Untreated (UN) fibers, Humidified and Pressed (HP) fibers soaked in water and compressed with a smooth stone, and Dry Impact (DI) fibers treated without prior humidification. The average moisture content was found to be 5.31 ± 0.73%, while the densities were recorded as 483.23 ± 31.56 kg/m3 (immersion) and 472.80 ± 19.20 kg/m3 (flotation). Untreated fibers demonstrated a tensile strength of 72.4 MPa, with a standard deviation of 20.7 MPa. The application of HP treatment resulted in an increase to 97.4 ± 34.4 MPa, presumably due to improved internal alignment and reduced stress concentrations. DI-treated fibers showed a decrease in strength (54.2 ± 11.7 MPa), indicating possible internal damage. All groups exhibited properties compatible with temporary structural applications. These results confirm the mechanical viability of Festuca dolichophylla fibers and support their use in heritage restoration and sustainable design.

Razvan Udroiu, Paul Bere, Katarzyna Biruk-Urban et al.

High-quality drilled holes are critical in thin fabric-reinforced composites used in many industrial applications; however, the influence of woven architecture on drilling performance without a backup plate remains insufficiently defined. This paper introduces the first comprehensive experimental and statistical framework for evaluating unsupported drilling of thin woven glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates. The framework integrates the effect of support opening width, fiber weight fraction (wf), feed per tooth, and fabric architecture to quantify their combined effects on delamination, cutting forces, and surface roughness. The samples consisted of vacuum mold-pressed GFRP laminates. Drilling tests were conducted on plain and twill-woven plates, and hole quality was evaluated using thrust force, delamination factor, and surface roughness (Sa). A statistical DOE and multifactorial ANOVA were applied to quantify the effects of the main parameters. For plain-woven GFRP, the best results were obtained with a 65 mm support opening width, 45% fiber wf, and 0.04 mm/tooth feed. Plain-woven laminates exhibited lower average surface roughness (Sa ≈ 5.0–6.5 µm) than twill-woven laminates (Sa ≈ 6.0–7.0 µm). The study demonstrates how fabric architecture and drilling parameters jointly influence hole quality in thin GFRP composites, providing practical guidance for manufacturing applications.

Sandeep Singh, Tarak Vora, Dasarathy A K et al.

Emphasizing the integration of Rice Husk Ash (RHA), steel fibers, and various water-cement ratios to generate sustainable and high-performance construction materials, this study focuses on the optimization of cementitious composites utilizing Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Twenty mix designs were experimentally evaluated to assess their effects on water absorption, flexural strength, and compressive strength. A water–cement ratio of approximately 0.35 combined with a 10–15% RHA replacement yielded compressive strengths ranging from 24.6 MPa to 40.5 MPa, which are comparable to or higher than those reported for similar sustainable concrete systems in existing literature. Flexural strength varied from 6.2 MPa to 7.8 MPa; optimum results were obtained for steel fibers with an aspect ratio of 80–100 and modest degrees of RHA. With the minimal absorption seen at balanced water-cement ratios and 10% RHA content, water absorption ranged between 5.1% and 6.5%. The value of RHA in lowering water absorption (p = .047) and enhancing strength properties was shown statistically. Surface and contour plots help one to fully understand different interactions and underline the need of parameter tuning. The findings verify the capacity of RHA and steel fibers to generate robust, low-cost, ecologically friendly composites, thereby supporting sustainable construction techniques and best use of resources.

Maurane Gaëlle Fokam Fokam, Christian Bopda Fokam, Anatole Mbouyap Chengoué et al.

Banana plants form an abundant source of agricultural waste, which can be exploited to extract fibers. Whereas the trunk and pseudo-stem are currently exploited, leaf ribs, which are several meters long, could form a valuable source of fibers for use in structural composite materials, if their properties, reproducibility across locations, and extraction methods are well adapted. Thus, leaf ribs of the Grande Naine cultivar of Musa acuminata were collected in Cameroon in High Penja plantation in the Littoral Region, and a rural plantation in the Centre Region. Fibers were extracted using water retting, water boiling and caustic soda to assess the role of extraction on properties. The fibers had a density, appearance, chemical composition, and thermal degradation close to those of other banana fibers, an average length over 2 m, and 125–150 µm range diameters. Water boiling and soda treatment led to increased tensile properties, in the 15 GPa range for Young’s modulus and 350–400 MPa failure strength. A Weibull statistical analysis of the fiber failure revealed a slight influence of the growth location, and a major influence of the fiber extraction method, with the water boiling method showing a good balance between properties and ease of extraction.

Shah Alimuzzaman, Md. Reasat Aktar Arin, Md. Abdullah Al. Mamun et al.

To reduce the adverse impact of synthetic bags on carbon footprints, greenhouse gases, and global warming, there is a rising demand for biodegradable and sustainable packaging material, especially for packing crops and food. Bags made from natural fibers are the finest alternative to synthetic ones. Jute is one of the most in-demand natural fibers in the packaging industry. Nevertheless, the traditional production method is more process-oriented, requiring more time and resulting in more expensive bags. Bowing problems induced by side seams cause sack bundles to roll during transport, which is also another issue. This study describes a unique process for producing seamless jute bags and sacks, eliminating the current processes in favor of fewer processes. A mechanical left-handed dobby loom with a cutting arrangement for separating the sacks produced continuous sack weaving. The tensile and seam strength of the produced sacks were evaluated and found to be comparable to those of commercially available sacks. In addition, one-way ANOVA and regression studies demonstrated the results significance. This developed method will increase productivity while reducing energy consumption, resulting in inexpensive packaging products and a solution to the transportation issue.

Michael Santiago Cintron, Christopher D. Delhom

Microfibers are small fiber particles that separate from larger textiles through wear abrasion or home laundering. Pervasive accumulation of synthetic microfibers in the environment is motivating efforts to quantify them, and to gain a better understanding of the factors that lead to their release from garments. Automated imaging systems have been previously employed for the quantification of synthetic and natural microfibers. In the current study, a rayon standard and microfibers sourced from scoured cotton HVI calibration standards were examined with the Fiber Quality Analyzer-360 (FQA) automated imaging system. Mechanically stirred suspensions of six cotton microfiber standards showed significantly lower fiber counts than those obtained with a rayon standard. Probe sonication of the sample suspensions significantly increased observed fiber counts for the cotton standard samples, by 105% on average. Mean length determinations decreased by, on average, 5% for the sonicated samples, an indication that count increases were not due to sample fragmentation. No significant change was observed for the fiber counts or length measurements of the sonicated rayon samples. The sonicated cotton samples showed an average of 95% detection by the FQA. These results highlight the importance of proper microfiber suspension for accurate detection and quantification using the FQA system.

Katarzyna Zimna, May Kahoush, Marcin Barburski

The main purpose of the article is to present the potential use of hemp fibers as reinforcement in composites, but from a design perspective. The authors ask whether sustainable nonwovens, produced based on natural fibers, have the potential as a material for designers and artists and not only as a technical textile. Technical production of nonwovens like carding, punching and laser cutting was used to achieve not just functional, but also aesthetic quality of the samples. The possibilities of utilizing natural materials for design endeavors were presented. The production process of these items was described, along with the main design concept. Research was carried out through a series of interdisciplinary activities, using the knowledge and tools typical for textile and materials engineering, as well as the methodology and strategies derived from the fields of visual art and design. It has been shown that during the development of a new sustainable material significant attention should be paid to design aspects, so it shows its full potential, as not just being eco-friendly, but also functional and aesthetic. While technical hemp and PLA composites have been produced and studied before, the design aspect is unique in the current study.

Julia Wilfling, George Havenith, Margherita Raccuglia et al.

The appreciation of textile products highly depends on a satisfactory ‘feel’ in fabric-skin contact. The question arising is whether the haptic interpretation of a garment (by hand) is comparable to a feeling produced when it is donned or used in its intended application. Sports T-shirts made from three different fiber types (CO, PES I, PES II) were studied in a pre- and post-purchase scenario by exposing 20 female participants to a hand, a donning (pre-purchase) and running evaluation (post-purchase) in 22 °C and 50% relative humidity (RH). Objective measurements such as skin temperatures, heart rate, body sweat loss, and sweat absorption of the garments were recorded. Subjective data was collected during the fabric hand and the donning evaluation as well as within the running protocol after 5 min, 20 min, and 5 min of cool down. Perceptual responses to 12 hand-/skin-feel descriptors (e.g., rough, smooth) were rated on a scale from 0 (not at all) to 10 (completely) and a feeling of discomfort was given. No significant differences between a hand and a donning evaluation were found in the rating of the sensations. The hand evaluation provided sufficient information for a comfort response to garment wear. The pre- and post-purchase comparison found a significantly lower perception of the feeling of roughness whilst running with the CO shirt and smoothness during running in PES II. The stickiness and comfort perception increased significantly in the post-purchase wear trial. Hence, moisture on the skin provoked through running influences comfort characteristics as well as the perception on haptic cues in t-shirts. Especially surface related haptic characteristics e.g., roughness and smoothness, are reduced.  

Yibing Xie, Yiting Wang, Lijun Wang et al.

Theoretical modeling calculations and experimental measurements were adopted to investigate the oxygen activation effect of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) interacting with polypyrrole (PPY). The CNF undergoes a hydrothermal oxidation process to form epoxy and hydroxyl groups containing carbon nanofibers (CNF-O). The oxygen activation effect of CNF on the electronic and electrochemical properties was investigated through the interfacial interaction between CNF-O and PPY. Theoretical modeling calculation discloses that CNF-O/PPY exhibits lower electronic bandgaps (0.64 eV), a higher density of states (10.039 states/eV), and a lower HOMO–LUMO molecular orbital energy gap (0.077 eV) than CNF/PPY (1.56 eV, 7.946 states/eV and 0.112 eV), presenting its superior electronic conductivity and electroactivity. The Mulliken population and charge density difference analysis disclose the stronger interface interaction of CNF-O/PPY caused by epoxy and hydroxyl groups. Cyclic voltammogram measurements reveal that CNF-O/PPY exhibits a higher response current and a higher specific capacitance (221.1–112.2 mF g⁻¹) than CNF/PPY (57.6–24.2 mF g⁻¹) at scan rates of 5–200 mV s⁻¹. Electrochemical impendence spectrum measurements disclose that CNF-O/PPY exhibits a lower charge transfer resistance (0.097 Ω), a lower ohmic resistance (0.336 Ω), a lower Warburg impedance (317 Ω), and a higher double-layer capacitance (0.113 mF) than CNF/PPY (1.419 Ω, 9.668 Ω, 7865 Ω, and 0.015 mF). Both theoretical and experimental investigations prove that CNF-O/PPY presents an intensified intermolecular interaction rather than CNF/PPY. The promotive oxygen activation effect of CNF could contribute to improving the electronic and electrochemical properties of CNF-O/PPY.

Mozhgan Hosseinnezhad, Kamaladin Gharanjig, Shahid Adeel et al.

Reducing pollution in various industries such as textile is very important. In this paper, two parallel methods were used to reduce pollution of the process and application of dye. The first approach was the selection of plant-based dyes (Madder with the botanical name of Rubia tinctorum and Reseda with botanical name of Reseda odorata) and the application of a tannin-based mordant (pomegranate peel with botanical name of Punica granatum). The second approach was extraction and dyeing in ultrasound media. The extraction efficiency of madder, Reseda, and pomegranate peel in water with the ultrasound-assisted method was 23%, 33%, and 29%, respectively. In this paper, the meta-mordanting method was used for mordanting procedure, and to compare the results, Cu (copper) was selected as the mineral mordant. Extracts were identified by FTIR method. Yarns’ changes in the process of mordanting and dyeing are investigated using two methods, FTIR and SEM. The effect of changing the concentration of mordant and dyes with the amount of K/S were evaluated and the K/S value of dyed samples illustrated that increasing the dye concentration of the dye increases the amount of K/S. The color fastness properties of all samples were investigated using the ISO standards.

Muhammad Asad Saeed, Faiza Safdar, Abdul Basit et al.

Comfort is essential in sportswear, where athlete requires transportation and evaporation of sweat from body. In addition to that water vapor permeability, thermal resistance and air permeability are also inevitable elements that decide thermal comfort of sportswear. Double face knitted fabrics are usually used to make sure excellent comfort of cloth in active and sports wears. In this research, two faced knitted fabrics were prepared using standard polyester and micro denier polyester in combinations with cellulosic yarns (micro-modal, micro-tencel, modal, tencel, viscose and cotton) in inner and outer layers, respectively. The most important characteristics of thermal comfort like thermal resistance, water vapor permeability, air permeability and overall moisture management capacity (OMMC) were measured for all the double face knitted fabric samples. The investigational outcome established that the modal, micro-modal, tencel, micro-tencel, viscose and cotton yarns in combinations with standard polyester and micro denier polyester yarns affect the thermo physiological comfort characteristics considerably. The results also showed that micro denier polyester/micro-tencel combination gave best OMMC, while the air permeability of polyester/viscose, water vapor permeability of polyester/tencel and thermal resistance of polyester/modal combinations were measured to be the best. This paper elaborates the thermal comfort behavior of all possible combinations of double faced knitted fabric in detail with reasoning.

Skenderi Zenun, Hes Lubos, Rogina-Car Beti et al.

Men's socks were produced on a Lonati circular knitting machine in 18 different combinations in multi-plated plain jersey from basic modal and basic micro modal yarn with the addition of cotton or PA multifilament yarn and elastane yarn in the sock cuff. The modal and micromodal yarns were ring-spun, rotor-spun and air-spun; they consist of 38 mm long staple fibres with a fineness of 1.3 and 1.0 dtex respectively. Thermal resistance was determined by use of the thermal foot. The thermal resistance values for all socks samples range from 0.0091 to 0.01586 m2 °C W−1. The highest thermal resistance per groups of basic modal fibres was obtained in the samples made of air-jet spun yarn of 0.0132 m2 °C W−1 and the lowest in samples of rotor yarn of 0.0109 m2 °C W−1. The highest thermal resistance in all groups of basic micromodal samples made of ring yarn (0.0132 m2 °C W−1) and the lowest in the samples made of air-spun yarn (0.0099 m2 °C W−1). At low levels of thermal resistance, as the thickness of the sample of basic modal and micro modal fibres of ring and rotor yarns increases, the thermal resistance of socks increases with a correlation coefficient of 0.711. The tested sock samples have low thermal resistance, i.e. they can conduct heat better than the sock leg, thus achieving cooling and comfort, which is important for wearing socks in warm weather.

H. El-Sayed, A. F. El-Fiky, S. Mowafi

Wool and silk are the most common protein fibers in the textile and clothing fields. They pass through many preparative and finishing wet processing, which are extensive energy and water-consuming operations. Any technique or tool which may share in reduction of energy and water consumption during wet processing is a subject of highest priority for industrialists, technologists, and economists related to the field. This article review discusses the feasibility of using the extremozymes as possible future elements in saving energy and water consumption during textile wet processing. The extremozymes, viz. thermophilic and basophilic enzymes, would enable the textile chemists and colorists to combine two wet processes in one bath, and hence, the consumption of water and energy could be minimized. Various classes of extremozymes, namely proteases, lipases, cellulases, pectinases, and xylanases, are appropriate candidate for some wet processes of natural protein fibers. These include carbonization, scouring, bleaching, dyeing, shrink-proofing, and anti-pilling of wool as well as degumming of natural silk.

Faisal Allafi, Md Sohrab Hossain, Japareng Lalung et al.

Natural fibers are getting attention from researchers and academician for utilization in new technology due to their ecofriendly nature and sustainability. This paper reviews advancements of utilization of natural wool fiber in industry and agriculture. Sheep wool is one of the natural and renewable sources which is widely used in the textile industry to make clothes, rugs, socks, and carpets, besides some uses in agriculture as fertilizers. Recently, wool has become alternative material in some industrial sectors, which increases the value of wool fiber. Increasing demand for alternative materials in buildings sectors has driven the production of sheep wool fibers with comparable and unique properties, for example thermal and sound insulation. Wool with enlarged pores is commercially available for sorption of dyes, oil spill, and volatile organic compounds (Greener Cleaner). Wool is also chemically modified for use in catalytic converter. The unique composition of wool has made it favorable in construction of light aircraft, ships, and trains upholstery. The self-extinguish property makes wool promising as a seal insulator for heat-generating appliances. Substances such as lanoline, ceramide, peptone, and keratin have been proposed for manipulation with wool to be utilized in pharmacotherapy cosmetics, and medical treatment.

P. Madhu, M. R. Sanjay, Anish Khan et al.

Over the last few decades the researchers around the universe are recommending for increased utilization of biodegradable and greener substances for various engineering and commercial applications. The natural fiber composites have been found to be an effective solution for their suggestions mainly because of their gigantic availability and easier processing techniques. The main objective of this article is to assess the hybridization effects of different laminate stacking sequence of PJFs/glass/carbon fabric-reinforced epoxy hybrid composites through impact and interlaminar shear strength properties of five different resulting composite laminates. The hybrid composite laminates were fabricated using the manual hand lay-up technique. Scanning electron microscopy fractography analysis was conducted to scrutinize the void content, fiber-matrix adhesion, and pull out properties of the fractured specimens. The evaluation of mechanical properties and fractured surface studies signifies the improved impact and interlaminar shear properties as well as better interfacial adhesion between fibers and matrix.

Vincenzo Ferrone, Pantaleone Bruni, Valentino Canale et al.

In the present society, the recycling and reuse of valuable substances are of utmost importance for economic and environmental purposes. At the same time, there is a pressing need to develop new methods to protect the ecosystem from many human activities, including those that have contributed to an ever-increasing presence of pharmaceutical pollutants. In this study, a straightforward approach that applies a magnetic carbon composite for the effective removal of NSAIDs from biological fluids is reported. The composite was produced by recycling wasted handkerchiefs, to provide cellulose to the reactive system and then transformed into carbon via calcination at high temperature. The morphological and structural features of the prepared “Fe₃O₄@-activated carbon” samples were investigated via thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Magnetic solid-state extraction was carried out to reveal the adsorption capabilities of the magnetic carbon composite and then combined with UHPLC–PDA for the determination and quantification of five NSAIDs (furprofen, indoprofen, ketoprofen, flurbiprofen, and indomethacin). The method developed herein proved to be fast and accurate. The adsorbent could be reused for up to 10 cycles, without any decrease in performance; thus, it contributes to an intelligent and sustainable economic strategy projected toward minimal waste generation.

Pankaj Sharma, Harleen Kaur, Monika Sharma et al.

Syed Khalid Mustafa, Hatem A. Al-Aoh, Suhair A Bani-Atta et al.

Many unwanted by-products containing several hazardous dyes are found in wastewater produced from the manufacturing units, such as printing, leather, paper, textiles, cosmetics, etc. Especial attention is given to overcome this problem, using different treatment methods and adsorbents. From the tree leaves of the neem (Azadirachta indica), an adsorbent was developed, characterized, and used for Methylene Blue (MB) elimination from wastewater. The area of the adsorbent surface, pore volume, and average pore width were found to be 58.6 m2/g, 0.106 cm3/g, and 13.8 Å, respectively. The adsorption behavior of MB using the modified powder of neem leaves was investigated under different experimental conditions. The adsorption capacities for MB by chemical modified adsorbent were found to be 370, 434, and 476 mg/g at 298, 313, and 328 K, respectively. The kinetic and isotherm calculated data obeyed the models of second-order kinetic and Langmuir, correspondingly. Constants of thermodynamics like ∆S°, ∆H°, and ∆G° were estimated. The positive values of ∆H° recommend that this adsorption is an endothermic process. The values of ∆G° are negative at the temperatures under investigation (298–328 K), indicating that this adsorption is a spontaneous process.

Juyoun Kwon, Kijoon Kim, Jeongkyun Ju et al.

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the water-repellent properties of newly-developed combat uniforms using a rainfall tower system. Two types of water-repellent- combat uniforms with an identical level of water repellency through textile tests (WR_M and WR_T) were compared with an untreated-combat uniform (Control). A static manikin was used to evaluate water-repellent properties in a standing position and eight male subjects participated to test walking effects under artificial rainfall. The results showed that it took to saturate the upper body was longer for WR_T than WR_M and Control in the standing position for both normal and heavy rain conditions (P < 0.05). The lower body in WR_T was rarely wet in the standing position after 60 min, whereas the lower body was partially wet while walking within 30 min. Changes in clothing weight after the rainfall test were 729 ± 21, 256 ± 36 and 137 ± 25 g per trial for Control, WR_M, and WR_T, respectively (P < 0.001). Subjects expressed better tactile, less colder, less heavier, and less humid sensations and less uncomfortable feeling for WR_T than Control or WR_M (P < 0.05), while WR_M was better only for tactile sensation and heaviness than Control (P < 0.05). Ten-time-washes had not impaired the water-repellent properties of WR_M or WR_T. These results indicated that the rainfall tower test is valid to verify water-repellent property of clothing ensemble and suggest a possibility of classifying the water repellency of clothing ensemble into sub-levels of an excellent and a fair class. Further studies on wider range of experimental conditions to validate the current results are required.