ABSTRACT In this 4-month-long prospective observational study, we explored the colonization rate of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) in the patient and ward environment of an intensive care unit (ICU). Additionally, we evaluated the risk factors for colonization and analyzed genomic characteristics and modes of transmission of isolates. Clinical samples were collected from patients and the environment to isolate and screen E. coli strains. ESBL-EC from the E. coli strains was identified using ESBL confirmation and antibiotic susceptibility tests and subsequently characterized using whole-genome sequencing. Clinical data were collected and further analyzed. Among the 214 E. coli isolates, 82 were ESBL-EC, with CTX-M-14 being the dominant enzyme, followed by CTX-M-55 and CTX-M-15. The predominant sequence types (STs) among the 82 ESBL-EC strains were ST10, followed by ST131 and ST1193. Using multiple logistic regression, exposure to third-generation cephalosporins and a special class of anti-positive-bacterial drugs, as well as albumin and enteral nutrition, were high-risk factors for ESBL-EC colonization. The clonal transmissions of ESBL-EC in the ICU were predominantly attributed to the movement of healthcare workers. More effective interventions and active screening are needed to prevent and control ESBL-EC colonization.IMPORTANCEThe increasing prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) has made drug-resistant bacterial infections rise, endangering people’s health and causing socioeconomic burdens. We conducted an ESBL-EC screening program for patients and ward environments in an intensive care unit (ICU). The aim was to describe the molecular characteristics of ESBL-EC and the risk factors for ESBL-EC colonization. In our hospital, the colonization rate of ESBL-EC remained high. The dominant sequence type was ST10, which might be considered a strain of notable concern, possibly causing future outbreaks. However, ST131 and ST1193 should also be considered because they were associated with the majority of the ESBL-EC isolates found. Notably, CTX-M-14 gene screening should be considered in medication guidance because it is the main ESBL enzyme. Owing to the high transmission rate of ESBL-EC, effective interventions and active screening are critical for preventing and controlling its spread, guiding clinicians in rational antibiotic use.
Objective: to identify the main issues of victimization as a result of cybercrime growth in the world in general and in Nigerian society in particular from the standpoint of sociological approaches, using a Tripartite Cybercrime Framework (TCF), which comprises geopolitical, psychosocial and socioeconomic categories of cybercrime.Methods: the methodology is based on the sociological research method. The data collection included the distribution of a questionnaire among 896 participants from the academic environment, including students and university staff, and the analysis of the responses. The presented data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, with special attention to the issues of gender inequality, socio-economic factors, the impact of educational level on vulnerability to online fraud and victimization as a result of cybercrime through the prism of the ideal victim concept and the socio-economic gap between North and South.Results: the article presents an analysis of the Tripartite Cybercrime Framework. The survey showed that 65.20% of the participants had been victims of cybercrime. There were more men among the victims (64.69%). The authors found patterns in the distribution of cybercrimes. All cybercrimes against the respondent were socio-economic ones, which underlines the high frequency of cybercrime and the relevance of countering it in Nigerian society. Special attention was paid to the issues of gender inequality, socio-economic factors, and the impact of education on vulnerability to cybercrime. The article considers from the viewpoint of the ideal victim concept. The study results provide an idea of the prevalence and distribution of specific types of cybercrime in the socio-economic category among the studied population.Scientific novelty: For the first time, the study uses the Tripartite Cybercrime Framework (TCF) to study victimization as a result of cybercrime in Nigerian society. The research novelty is also due to the fact that the conceptual foundations of countering cybercrime that have developed in the global North are not fully applicable in Nigeria.Practical significance: the results obtained demonstrate the need to apply carefully calibrated gender-based, inclusive and contextual approaches to the development of a national legal policy to combat cybercrime. The results can be used to justify the law-making decisions which are being developed in the field of preventing and countering manifestations of cybercrime, as well as to form the basis for legal measures to protect cybercrime victims.
Thaís Silva Pinto, Anderson Moreira Gomes, Paula Bertin de Morais
et al.
Purpose: Obesity has increased around the world. Obese individuals need to be better assisted, with special attention given to dental and medical specialties. Among obesity-related complications, the osseointegration of dental implants has raised concerns. This mechanism depends on healthy angiogenesis surrounding the implanted devices. As an experimental analysis able to mimic this issue is currently lacking, we address this issue by proposing an in vitro high-adipogenesis model using differentiated adipocytes to further investigate their endocrine and synergic effect in endothelial cells responding to titanium. Materials and methods: Firstly, adipocytes (3T3-L1 cell line) were differentiated under two experimental conditions: Ctrl (normal glucose concentration) and High-Glucose Medium (50 mM of glucose), which was validated using Oil Red O Staining and inflammatory markers gene expression by qPCR. Further, the adipocyte-conditioned medium was enriched by two types of titanium-related surfaces: Dual Acid-Etching (DAE) and Nano-Hydroxyapatite blasted surfaces (nHA) for up to 24 h. Finally, the endothelial cells (ECs) were exposed in those conditioned media under shear stress mimicking blood flow. Important genes related to angiogenesis were then evaluated by using RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results: Firstly, the high-adipogenicity model using 3T3-L1 adipocytes was validated presenting an increase in the oxidative stress markers, concomitantly with an increase in intracellular fat droplets, pro-inflammatory-related gene expressions, and also the ECM remodeling, as well as modulating mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Additionally, Src was evaluated by Western blot, and its modulation can be related to EC survival signaling. Conclusion: Our study provides an experimental model of high adipogenesis in vitro by establishing a pro-inflammatory environment and intracellular fat droplets. Additionally, the efficacy of this model to evaluate the EC response to titanium-enriched mediums under adipogenicity-related metabolic conditions was analyzed, revealing significant interference with EC performance. Altogether, these data gather valuable findings on understanding the reasons for the higher percentage of implant failures in obese individuals.
The issue of waste is a topic widely discussed at both European and national levels. The insufficient share of separately collected waste in the stream and the too large amount of waste sent to landfills, combined with the need for Poland to implement the concept of a circular economy, makes it necessary to analyze the possibility of making changes, primarily in the legal area. Their goal should be to minimize the amount of waste generated and to more effectively counteract the threats resulting from the presence of waste in the environment. Waste of a special nature are medicinal products generated both in pharmacies and households. Improper handling of unnecessary/expired medicinal products may cause negative effects on both the environment and human health. This problem also applies to dietary supplements, which are treated as food products under the law, even though they may contain compounds that may have a negative impact on health and on the environment. Proper handling of waste from medicinal products and dietary supplements depends on the correct classification of these types of waste.
The aim of the work is to analyze the regulations regarding the classification of waste from medicinal products (both generated in pharmacies and households) and dietary supplements, as well as legal problems related to this classification. First of all, the classification of waste resulting from dietary supplements is controversial. This is important because correct categorization determines the appropriate, safe method of waste disposal (thermal transformation, storage in landfills). The work also points to problems in defining concepts at the intersection of environmental protection regulations and regulations relating to medicinal products. The analysis was limited to waste from medicinal products and dietary supplements generated in pharmacies and households and does not apply to waste from pharmaceutical plants and chemicals used in pharmacies to produce prescription and pharmaceutical drugs.
Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are an important subclass of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Recently, we reported a new kind of MOF, namely tetrahedral imidazolate frameworks with auxiliary ligands (TIF-Ax), by adding linear ligands (Hint) into the zinc–imidazolate system. Introducing linear ligands into the M<sup>2+</sup>-imidazolate system overcomes the limitation of imidazole derivatives. Thanks to the synergistic effect of two different types of ligands, a series of new TIF-Ax with interesting topologies and a special pore environment has been reported, and they have attracted extensive attention in gas adsorption, separation, catalysis, heavy metal ion capture, and so on. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of TIF-Ax, including their synthesis methods, structural diversity, and multi-field applications. Finally, we also discuss the challenges and perspectives of the rational design and syntheses of new TIF-Ax from the aspects of their composition, solvent, and template. This review provides deep insight into TIF-Ax and a reference for scholars with backgrounds of porous materials, gas separation, and catalysis.
The presence of blue-cored dwarf early-type galaxies (dE(bc)s) in high-density environments supports the scenario of the transformation of infalling late-type galaxies into quiescent dwarf early-type galaxies by environmental effects. While low-density environments lacking environmental processes could not be relevant to the formation of dE(bc)s, we discovered a large sample of rare dE(bc)s in isolated environments at z < 0.01 using the NASA-Sloan Atlas catalog. Thirty-two isolated dE(bc)s were identified by visual inspection of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey images and g - r color profiles. We found that (1) isolated dE(bc)s exhibit similar structural parameters to dE(bc)s in the Virgo cluster; (2) based on the ultraviolet-r color-magnitude relation, color gradients, and optical emission lines of dE(bc)s, isolated dE(bc)s show more vigorous, centrally concentrated SF compared to their counterparts in the Virgo cluster; (3) at a given stellar mass, isolated dE(bc)s tend to have a larger fraction of gas mass than their Virgo counterparts. We discuss a scenario of episodic SF sustained by gas accretion, suggested by Sanchez Almeida et al., in which the star-bursting blue compact dwarf galaxy (BCD)-quiescent BCD (QBCD) cycle can be repeated during the Hubble time. We suggest that, in this cadence, isolated dE(bc)s might be QBCDs at pre- or post-BCD stages. Our results imply that dE(bc)s comprise a mixture of objects with two types of origins, nature or nurture, depending on their environment.
Andreas Strand, Patrick Gorton, Martin Asprusten
et al.
A substantial part of fighter pilot training is simulation-based and involves computer-generated forces controlled by predefined behavior models. The behavior models are typically manually created by eliciting knowledge from experienced pilots, which is a time-consuming process. Despite the work put in, the behavior models are often unsatisfactory due to their predictable nature and lack of adaptivity, forcing instructors to spend time manually monitoring and controlling them. Reinforcement and imitation learning pose as alternatives to handcrafted models. This paper presents the Learning Environment for the Air Domain (LEAD), a system for creating and integrating intelligent air combat behavior in military simulations. By incorporating the popular programming library and interface Gymnasium, LEAD allows users to apply readily available machine learning algorithms. Additionally, LEAD can communicate with third-party simulation software through distributed simulation protocols, which allows behavior models to be learned and employed using simulation systems of different fidelities.
Matthew Molineaux, Dustin Dannenhauer, Eric Kildebeck
To be robust to surprising developments, an intelligent agent must be able to respond to many different types of unexpected change in the world. To date, there are no general frameworks for defining and characterizing the types of environment changes that are possible. We introduce a formal and theoretical framework for defining and categorizing environment transformations, changes to the world an agent inhabits. We introduce two types of environment transformation: R-transformations which modify environment dynamics and T-transformations which modify the generation process that produces scenarios. We present a new language for describing domains, scenario generators, and transformations, called the Transformation and Simulator Abstraction Language (T-SAL), and a logical formalism that rigorously defines these concepts. Then, we offer the first formal and computational set of tests for eight categories of environment transformations. This domain-independent framework paves the way for describing unambiguous classes of novelty, constrained and domain-independent random generation of environment transformations, replication of environment transformation studies, and fair evaluation of agent robustness.
he article is devoted to the problem of the phenomenon of prison loneliness. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that the phenomenon of prison loneliness underlies penitentiary stress, as a complex psychophysiological reaction of the body to being in a penitentiary space. One of the functions of the execution of punishment as a response of society to the unlawful actions of a criminal is punishment for a committed crime, which acts in the form of induction of mental suffering of a person as a result of his artificial separation from the usual social environment, the creation of prison loneliness. At the same time, the effect of transferring suffering from the body of the criminal to his soul, noted by M. Foucault, is realized. The purpose of the work involves the analysis of the phenomenon of loneliness in the conditions of places of deprivation of liberty. The main characteristic features of prison loneliness are described. It is shown that the punishment of a criminal by imprisonment, his forcible isolation from the mainstream society is based on the mechanism of creating artificial prison deprivation. It is noted that one of the attributes of punishing a criminal is the intentional creation of a special type of loneliness — prison, causing a high level of penitentiary stress. The article shows that two types of prison loneliness can be considered. The first one is proposed to be called “physical loneliness”, which is created by the physical isolation of the convict. At the heart of the generation of suffering of the personality of this type of loneliness is the effect of a violation of the human need inherent at the gene level to communicate with other members of society. This type of prison loneliness leads to a change in the psyche of the prisoner, the loss of communication skills, his slow emotional and mental degradation. The second type of prison loneliness (loneliness in the crowd) is characterized by the fact that in conditions of prison isolation, the prisoner is almost never left alone and is constantly under the influence of carriers of the penitentiary subculture, which has a powerful negative impact on the personality of the person serving the sentence. In an environment where interests are reduced to the satisfaction of vital needs, and interpersonal aggression is the norm of behavior, negative emotions prevail in the prisoner’s sense of self, the dominant of which will be a feeling of loneliness.
Paul Christodoulides, Rafaela Agathokleous, Lazaros Aresti
et al.
Industrial processes are characterized by energy losses, such as heat streams rejected to the environment in the form of exhaust gases or effluents occurring at different temperature levels. Hence, waste heat recovery (WHR) has been a challenge for industries, as it can lead to energy savings, higher energy efficiency, and sustainability. As a consequence, WHR methods and technologies have been used extensively in the European Union (EU) (and worldwide for that matter). The current paper revisits and reviews conventional WHR technologies, their use in all types of industry, and their limitations. Special attention is given to alternative “new” technologies, which are discussed for parameters such as projected energy and cost savings. Finally, an extended review of case studies regarding applications of WHR technologies is presented. The information presented here can also be used to determine target energy performance, as well as capital and installation costs, for increasing the attractiveness of WHR technologies, leading to the widespread adoption by industry.
Anabaena variabilis is a filamentous cyanobacterium that is capable to differentiate specialized cells, the heterocysts and akinetes, to survive under different stress conditions. Under nitrogen limited condition, heterocysts provide the filament with nitrogen by fixing N2. Akinetes are spore-like dormant cells that allow survival during adverse environmental conditions. Both cell types are characterized by the presence of a thick multilayered envelope, including a glycolipid layer. While in the heterocyst this glycolipid layer is required for the maintenance of a microoxic environment and nitrogen fixation, its function in akinetes is completely unknown. Therefore, we constructed a mutant deficient in glycolipid synthesis and investigated the performance of heterocysts and akinetes in that mutant strain. We chose to delete the gene Ava_2595, which is homolog to the known hglB gene, encoding a putative polyketide synthase previously shown to be involved in heterocyst glycolipid synthesis in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, a species which does not form akinetes. Under the respective conditions, the Ava_2595 null mutant strain formed aberrant heterocysts and akinete-like cells, in which the specific glycolipid layers were absent. This confirmed firstly that both cell types use a glycolipid of identical chemical composition in their special envelopes and, secondly, that HglB is essential for glycolipid synthesis in both types of differentiated cells. As a consequence, the mutant was not able to fix N2 and to grow under diazotrophic conditions. Furthermore, the akinetes lacking the glycolipids showed a severely reduced tolerance to stress conditions, but could germinate normally under standard conditions. This demonstrates the importance of the glycolipid layer for the ability of akinetes as spore-like dormant cells to withstand freezing, desiccation, oxidative stress and attack by lytic enzymes. Our study established the dual role of the glycolipid layer in fulfilling different functions in the evolutionary-related specialized cells of cyanobacteria. It also indicates the existence of a common pathway involving HglB for the synthesis of glycolipids in heterocysts and akinetes.
nader aghakhani, rasoul roshani, Abbas Zarei
et al.
Background and aims: Accident is an unplanned and damaging occurrence that leads to unusual pattern of life activity that caused by an unsafe measure and unpleasant work conditions or both of them. Occupational injury is an accident occurring during the work and can lead to fatal/ nonfatal injuries as a leading cause of the working time and workforce loss. It is among the most important complications of industrialization in all of the countries as an important health problem. Unintentional injuries are the second cause of death in the world. Although a lot of work has been done to reduce of work-related injuries, the incidence of them are high in our country. The World Health Organization has registered these accidents as an epidemic public health problem and has considered them as very important economic, and social risk factors in the world. They are regarded as work-related incident problems that can lead to mental or physical occupational injuries, loss of work, work restraint, fatigue and burnout, or occupation change, also a change in the quality of life of individuals and their families and create irreparable effects. Some researches state that more attention should be
paid to work place safety and employees’ health because cure expenses of injuries are increasing.
Based on the differences in social condition, religion, gender, age distribution of working employees among different countries, it is difficult to generalize accidents statistics to all of the work places, but the rate of occupational accidents has been increase in in developing countries.
Some workplaces are main and riskiest environments in health systems. Also, employees are exposed to many accidents such as sprains and muscle strains resulting from
heavy loads lifting, falls or slips, needle-stick, blood and other body fluids contaminations and open wound exposing with blood, cut from knives or scalpels that are important cause of lost hours of work. Continuous exposure to many chemical materials, poor working conditioning, non-continuous job employment and continues work, and pollutants are the important factors which make
a high-risk environment of workplace. Moreover, the risk of occupational injuries exists that increase the rate of accident and its damages.
Although many important movements are performed to protect employees from occupational injuries, they have not been enough and much works are remained to be done.
Having awareness about employees’ demographic characteristics can help health care providers to prevent occupational injuries resulted from their workload, unsafe and indecisiveness occupational behaviors and job-related mistakes with a direct relationship with safety issues. Some studies have suggested that tiredness related to heavy work and working patterns, including shift work, can lead to injuries and tensions among staff who providing services. Other factors such as the physical work environment, organizational and institutional management and policies, and personal habits cause to exposure of employees to many risks of injury and tensions. Exposure to kinds of occupational physical, chemical, psychological, biological, and environmental hazards may cause both short and long-term impact on their health and safety. On the other hand, abusive and incorrect behavior of them toward their clients, many times are being resulted from their bad work situation and health, insufficient quality controls and supervision in their work environment.
These injuries are more serious in centers such as forensic medicine organization, and employees of it are at risk of various occupational hazards. They deal with the victims of violence or families of people who suffer from violence or harm. So far, no study has been done to investigate these injuries in our country.
Accurate occupational accidents management based on scientific recommendation and analysis of rate statistics is necessary for implementing preventive strategies. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of Study of occupational injuries in employees of forensic medicine organizations in West Azerbaijan province 2016.
Methods: This research is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study carried out on 88 employees of forensic medicine organizations in West Azerbaijan province selected by an available and stratified random sampling method.
Data were collected by the use of a researcher-made questionnaire including the following two parts: the first part consisted of demographic variables such as gender, age, years of work experience, and organizational position and the second part contained was Dibajchr('39')s occupational injury questionnaire designated based on the literature review and previous research that was related to the level of occupational injuries, in which the types of occupational injuries were divided into three general classes and several sub-categories. Data were analyzed by SPSS-18 software.
Results: Various factors were effective on the incidence of occupational injuries rate as well
as on severity, type and frequency of injuries resulting from work place accidents.
Findings showed that 54 (61.4%) of participants were male and 34 (38.6%) were female, with an average age of 41.6 ± 7.1 years. Also, the average working experience of them was 14.1 ± 7.2 years. In examining occupational injuries, the level of ultra-individual injuries was with high severity in employees, intermediate and interpersonal score of injuries was average. In assessing inter-person injuries, emotional, physical and emotional injuries had a higher severity than other sub- categories. In interpersonal injuries, the damage to the employee relationship with the client was severe.
Examining obtained scores from severity of ultra- employees’ damage; the damage related to salary, and occupational security and employee management had the highest score. Eventually, it was observed that there was a significant relationship between income and individual interpersonal injuries and job satisfaction with intra-personal injuries, interpersonal injuries and ultra-individual injuries (p≤0.05).
Conclusion: The findings of this study and other researches have revealed that work places are a high risk environment that its consequences can lead to many adverse accidents. Therefore, identifying the effective factors can help in the identification and prevention of risks and their analysis and correct management that can decrease the rate of occupational injuries on
working sites. As mentioned above, the accidents frequency can be affected by demographic characteristics and environmental situation. In this regard, improvement of influencing factors is vital and can be recommended as effective method for prevention of accident. With regard to the relationship between demographic characteristics and environmental situation and occupational accidents, increased awareness of organization managers as well as its employees about safety
knowledge, collaborative management, improved incentive system for employee safety and
management of occupational stress and finding the affective ways to decrease of them can develop employeeschr('39') abilities to work in a safe condition.
People who are involved in heavy physical shifts were more likely to face with occupational injuries due to tiredness and lack of mental concentration, it seems that providing opportunities for motivation of accountability, gathering and analysis of work place information, appropriate selection, help to prepare a proper managing plan and assessing, and training workshops for in service skills education may be a useful method to improvement of motivation for employees. It is suggested that policy makers, by allocating sufficient resources to educating and increasing the skills of the employees and providing necessary equipment, and improving appropriate policy guidelines for progressing the work environment will decrease the number of occupational injuries occurrence. On the other hand, organizing purposeful meetings with employees of the organization and encouraging them to state their failures and problems in the workplace may help policy makers and managers to solve their problems.
In view of the importance of the occupational injuries issues in different countries and resulted damages resulting, a standard registration system of injuries and skillful personnel is needed in order to get more exact and reliable results. Since a number of injuries may be prevented, programs such as using physical and mental safety equipment, employees’ education and controlling their work place can be effective in decreasing the number of the accidents. Following the work safety plans, knowing about work safety rules will prevent the occurrence of the resulting injuries. Therefore,
promotion of risk perception through setting useful policies and education should be considered
for general risk management.
Moreover, it should be noted that organization managers’ special attention to providing particular protective tools for their staff in hazardous work place can significantly decrease accidents. On the other hand, educators are asked to use theories and patterns in preventive education when they are providing their educational programs in order to achieve a better result and promote the efficiency of training programs, as well as using the new methods and tools.
Theories and models can be useful in different phases of assessing, managing, planning, implementation, and evaluation of any intervention, as they cooperate to the understanding of an optimal healthy behavior and explanation of its necessity and diagnosis of effective factors, so that the most useful goals can be accomplished for strategic programs. To improve planning, it is necessary to provide information to decision makers at a national level. Another important item is a training program that must be provided to protect employees at workplaces. Improvement of working standards, and progress of human resources and their occupational health should be considered vital elements of the national strategy with government collaboration are recommended.
Keywords: occupational injuries, organization’s staff, forensic medicine
This article discusses the 2017 document “World Scientists’ Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice” in
relationship to the daily life of Appalachia, one of the United States’ most resource rich and yet economically
poorest regions.
Environmental protection, Special types of environment
The aim of the study is to increase the effectiveness of information security management for state information systems (SIS) with terminal access devices by improving regulatory legal acts that should be logically interconnected and not contradict each other, as well as use a single professional thesaurus that allows understanding and describe information security processes.Currently, state information systems with terminal access devices are used to ensure the realization of the legitimate interests of citizens in information interaction with public authorities [1].One of the types of such systems are public systems [2]. They are designed to provide electronic services to citizens, such as paying taxes, obtaining certificates, filing of applications and other information. The processed personal data may belong to special, biometric, publicly available and other categories [3]. Various categories of personal data, concentrated in a large volume about a large number of citizens, can lead to significant damage as a result of their leakage, which means that this creates information risks.There are several basic types of architectures of state information systems: systems based on the “thin clientpeer-to-peer network systems; file server systems; data processing centers; systems with remote user access; the use of different types of operating systems (heterogeneity of the environment); use of applications independent of operating systems; use of dedicated communication channels [4]. Such diversity and heterogeneity of state information systems, on the one hand, and the need for high-quality state regulation in the field of information security in these systems, on the other hand, require the study and development of legal acts that take into account primarily the features of systems that have a typical modern architecture of “thin customer". Materials and research methods. The protection of the state information system is regulated by a large number of legal acts that are constantly being improved with changes and additions to the content. At the substantive level, it includes many stages, such as the formation of SIS requirements, the development of a security system, its implementation, and certification. The protected information is processed in order to enforce the law and ensure the functioning of the authorities. The need to protect confidential information is determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation [5, 6]. Therefore, to assess the quality of the regulatory framework of information security for terminal access devices of the state information system, the analysis of the main regulatory legal acts is carried out and on the basis of it, proposals are developed by analogy to improve existing regulatory documents in the field of information security.Results. The paper has developed proposals for improving the regulatory framework of information security for terminal access devices of the state information system- for uniformity and unification, the terms with corresponding definitions are justified for their establishment in the documents of the Federal Service for Technical and Export Control (FSTEC) or Rosstandart;- rules for the formation of requirements for terminals, which should be equivalent requirements for computer equipment in the “Concept for the protection of computer equipment and automated systems from unauthorized access to information ".Conclusion. General recommendations on information protection in state information systems using the “thin client" architecture are proposed, specific threats that are absent in the FSTEC threat bank are justified, and directions for further information security for the class of state information systems under consideration are identified. Due to the large number of stakeholders involved in the coordination and development of unified solutions, a more specific consideration of the problems and issues raised is possible only with the participation of representatives of authorized federal executive bodies and business representatives for discussion.
Nick Brown, Brian Bainbridge, Ciarán Beggan
et al.
The British Geological Survey's global geomagnetic model, Model of the Earth's Magnetic Environment (MEME), is an important tool for calculating the earth's magnetic field, which is continually in flux. Whilst the ability to collect data from ground based observation sites and satellites has grown, the memory bound nature of the code has proved a limitation in modelling problem sizes required by modern science. In this paper we describe work replacing the bespoke, sequential, eigen-solver with that of the SLEPc package for solving the system of normal equations. This work had a dual purpose, to break through the memory limit of the code, and thus support the modelling of much larger systems, by supporting execution on distributed machines, and to improve performance. But when adopting SLEPc it was not just the solving of the normal equations, but also fundamentally how we build and distribute the data structures. We describe an approach for building symmetric matrices in a way that provides good load balance and avoids the need for close co-ordination between processes or replication of work. We also study the memory bound nature of the code and combine detailed profiling with software cache prefetching to significantly optimise. Performance and scaling are explored on ARCHER, a Cray XC30, where we achieve a speed up for the solver of 294 times by replacing the model's bespoke approach with SLEPc. This work also provided the ability to model much larger system sizes, up to 100,000 model coefficients. Some of the challenges of modelling systems of this large scale are explored, and mitigations including hybrid MPI+OpenMP along with the use of iterative solvers are also considered. The result of this work is a modern MEME model that is not only capable of simulating problem sizes demanded by state of the art geomagnetism but also acts as further evidence to the utility of the SLEPc libary.
Santanu Saha, Simone Di Cataldo, Maximilian Amsler
et al.
In this work we probe the possibility of high-temperature conventional superconductivity in the boron-carbon system, using ab-initio screening. A database of 320 metastable structures with fixed composition (50$\%$/50$\%$) is generated with the Minima-Hopping method, and characterized with electronic and vibrational descriptors. Full electron-phonon calculations on sixteen representative structures allow to identify general trends in $T_{\textrm{c}}$ across and within the four families in the energy landscape, and to construct an approximate $T_{\textrm{c}}$ predictor, based on transparently interpretable and easily computable electronic and vibrational descriptors. Based on these, we estimate that around 10$\%$ of all metallic structures should exhibit $T_{\textrm{c}}$'s above 30 $K$. This work is a first step towards ab-initio design of new high-$T_{\textrm{c}}$ superconductors.
The results of the comprehensive approach to the diagnosis, general and special measures for the elimination of the infection center for the outbreak of Salmonella in calves in one of the large dairy farms in the Volyn region are presented. The use of classical diagnostic methods using modern environments and approaches made it possible to isolate and identify two types of Salmonella Typhimurium and S. dublin. Antibiotic therapy of calves for salmonellosis calves was carried out with labeled antibiotics in combination with medicinal products of symptomatic nature. Forced current and final disinfection of cages and whole calf, as well as wicker yards and cows were carried out with a 0.1% solution of the new disinfection preparation “Epydes”, created on the basis of derivatives of polyhexamethylenguanidine (PGMG), at a rate of 0.3 l/m2. For a specific prevention of salmonellosis, we designed our two series of autogenic vaccines from isolated strains of salmonella, the difference between which was the choice of adsorbent. The study of the tension of humoral immunity in cats and calves vaccinated against salmonellosis in agglutination and indirect hemagglutination reactions revealed high levels of antibodies to immunogens that were part of two experimental autopsy series of autogenic vaccines. In this case, the immune response to the antigens of the Tifimurium was higher than that of Dublin antigens. Titres of antibodies from cats and calves vaccinated with a vaccine in which the aerosol was used as an adsorbent were higher than those for a vaccine in which an aluminum hydroxide was used as an adsorbent. The reaction of indirect agglutination showed several times the higher sensitivity to detect salmonella antibodies than the agglutination reaction, which is the basis for recommending it as an immunological method of tension of humoral immunity for animal salmonellosis. The comprehensive approach to diagnosis of disease, modern approaches to the treatment of calves with salmonella, the destruction of the pathogen in the environment and the modern approach to the immunization of the infection, made it possible to improve the economy throughout the year from salmonella caused by two types of salmonella.