Hasil untuk "Sociology"

George A. Akerlof, R. Kranton

W. Powell, K. Koput, Laurel Smith‐Doerr

B. Latour

J. Habermas, T. Burger, Frederick P. Lawrence

Douglas Harper

Y. Djamba, W. Neuman

A. Giddens

F. Kerlinger, Howard B. Lee

B. Latour, S. Woolgar

M. Sheller, J. Urry

R. Tesch

D. Smith

Adeb Ali Ebrahim

The primary drivers of agricultural land depletion in Taiz be diagnosed quantitatively in this study, proposing for the first time a replicable conflict-sensitive urban management model. The overarching objective is to bridge the critical gap between sustainable urban expansion and the preservation of agro-ecological systems in fragile, data-scarce contexts. A combination of unplanned sprawl, crisis, and ineffective governance, Taiz City's rapid urbanization between 2000 and 2024 resulted in a 35% loss of agricultural land. This study proposes that governance reduces the primary causes of conflict escalation and the severity of sprawl. This study combines GIS spatial analysis (Landsat 8/9 and support vector machine classification), regression modeling, and global case comparisons (Medellín and Mumbai) to assess land-use trends. The findings indicate that governance diminishes the effects (β = −0.50, p < 0.01), sprawl (β = 0.85, p < 0.01), and conflict (β = 0.002, p < 0.05) explain 85% of the variance in losses. By 2024, 3.2 million residents' food security was at risk because of the urbanization of 60% of peri-urban fertile lands. Vertical expansion, tenure regularization and GIS planning will reclaim 20% of land by 2030.

shafieh Ghodrati, Fatima Yawari, Hossein ghodrati

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; background: #F8F9FA;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #202124;">Introduction: The present research examines Afghan women in Dealing with the Transformation Arising from the Collapse of the System and the Re-establishment of the Taliban and its consequences.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; background: #F8F9FA;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #202124;">Method: For this purpose, a qualitative approach has been used. The data was collected through grounded theory and targeted sampling and interviewed with 20 Afghan women. The tool for collecting information is a semi-structured interview and has been analyzed by coding (open, central, selective).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; background: #F8F9FA;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #202124;">Findings: The text of the interview was in the form of 150 concepts and 15 categories was summarized and categorized based on strategies and consequences and the essence of them under the title of "Compulsory adaptation and opportunism in the field of re-vulnerability horror" was extracted. The results show that Afghan women considered the fall of the system and the second rule of the Taliban as sudden and unwanted and considered it the cause of rollback. These women state that the changes have created an abnormal situation that has affected their lives and has made them face challenges and limitations. These women took strategies that were specific to that conditions in order to maintain security and reduce possible damages in terms of cost-benefit calculation, available options, and rationality. According to those conditions, Afghan women took strange strategies such as separation of loved ones and Anxiety and new challenges, etc., are the consequences of the strategies that they used to face the changes.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; background: #F8F9FA;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #202124;">&nbsp;</span></p>

Malik Muhammad Sohail, Akhlaq Ahmad, Arndt Büssing

As spirituality aims to reconnect us with the Sacred and should have effects on prosocial behavior, too, this study aimed to examine the role of transformational spirituality in raising prosocial and pro-environmental behavior. Data were collected from 370 students and teachers from different universities in Punjab. This cross-sectional study found that students scored higher on religious practices and awe/gratitude as an experiential aspect of spirituality as compared to their teachers. Living from the faith, perception of the sacred, and awe/gratitude were moderately interconnected. Both living from the faith and perception of awe/gratitude were strongly or moderately related to prosocial behaviors and valuing the environment/nature, as well as times of pausing in silence and reflection. These results help us to understand the role of the complex construct of spirituality that may contribute to promoting prosocial and pro-environmental behaviors of a young generation.

Daniel Monteiro Huertas

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como o rodoviarismo tornou-se um elemento nevrálgico no conjunto da política brasileira na primeira parte do chamado período de democratização, entre a queda do Estado Novo, em outubro de 1945, e o término do governo provisório de Nereu Ramos, em 1956. Ancorado na teoria de Nunes ( 1997 ) das novas gramáticas políticas nas relações entre Estado e sociedade a partir do Estado Novo (1937-1945) e em farta pesquisa empírica, procura-se demonstrar que a força política adquirida pelos agentes do rodoviarismo dependeu, em última instância, do papel assumido pelo Departamento Nacional de Estradas de Rodagem (DNER), que a todo custo buscou manter um grau substancial de “insulamento burocrático” diante da conturbada conjuntura política da época.

Journal Editorial Team

In memory of M.E. Ille (1952-2023)

Halil Burak Akdeniz, Sinan Levend, Şaban İnam

Global climate change, one of the most important problems of today, and human activities have negative effects on the sustainability of natural resources. It has become necessary to establish planning and management mechanisms for the sustainable use of drinking water basins within the protection-use balance. Beyşehir Basin, Türkiye was chosen as the study area. The aim of this study is to present a new model approach for the use of Analytical Hierarchy Process and Geographic Information Systems, based on the unique topographic, hydrological, and environmental characteristics of the basin, in the determination of the drinking water basin protection zones. Thirteen criteria, which affect the reaching of the pollutants to the water surface and reflect the topographic, hydrological, and environmental characteristics of the basin, were used in the determination of the protection zones. As a result of the study, it was determined that 2.83% of the basin is in the absolute protection zone, 44.97% in the short-range protection zone, 35.93% in the medium-range protection zone and 16.26% in the long-range protection zone. In the last stage, the conservation areas determined by the current legal regulations for the basin and the protection zones determined by the model approach were spatially and areally compared. According to the results of the comparison, it was determined with the proposed protection model that the absolute protection, the short-range protection, and the medium-range protection zones increased areally, and the spatial distributions of these protection zones were shaped according to the structure of the basin.

José Manuel Morán Faúndes

En este artículo se exploran las razones que esgrime públi­camente el neoconservadurismo para promover su agenda moral articulada con agendas neoliberales. Se analizaron las propuestas de partidos políticos “pro-vida”/“pro-familia” en Chile, Brasil, Argentina y Perú, y contenidos producidos por divulgadoras/es de ideas neoconservadoras en Sudamérica. Se proponen tres categorías que sintetizan los prin­cipales modos en que se realiza la articulación neoconservadora-neoliberal: un “ensamble funcional” que entiende que la tradición es funcional al orden del mercado y la libertad; un “ensamble subsidiario” que entiende que la retirada del Estado implicaría un fortalecimiento de instituciones subsidiarias, como la familia patriarcal, y un “ensamble defensivo” que asume que toda intervención estatal, incluidos los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, responde a una agenda neo-marxista.

Erin A. Cech, Sofia Hiltner

Millions of workers experienced job instability during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic. A prevailing assumption is that such experiences of instability intensify economic rationality in workers’ career decision making as a matter of course. In contrast, the authors argue that pandemic-related employment instability may have “unsettled” workers’ lives in ways that elevated nonfinancial priorities such as meaningful work. Using proportionally representative survey data ( n = 1,628), the authors compare the priorities of U.S. college-educated workers who were laid off or furloughed during the pandemic with those of workers whose jobs remained stable. Counter to expectations of heightened economic rationality, job-unstable workers were not more likely than job-stable workers to emphasize job security or salary in beliefs about good work. But they were more likely to prioritize passion for work. These findings challenge common assumptions about job prioritization in the wake of crisis-related job instability and have implications for how scholars and policy makers interpret labor force trends.