Hasil untuk "Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology"

Salvador Guerrero Palomares

El presente trabajo pretende clarificar el régimen recurso de apelación penal que adolece de una considerable fragmentación y oscuridad normativa. El estudio pone especial énfasis en un detallado análisis jurisprudencial en relación con ciertas cuestiones especialmente problemáticas y trata de formular en ciertos casos propuestas de reforma.

Jelínková Marie, Plaček Michal, Ochrana František

In our policy brief, we would like to focus on two key aspects that have received little attention in the literature and in the real policy: the role of NGOs in the transition from crisis management to mainstream governance from an NGO perspective and the role of cultural barriers in proximate cultures.

Ana Díaz Bernardos

El uso de los criptoactivos ha experimentado un notorio aumento en los últimos años, introduciendo consigo una serie de conceptos novedosos en la economía española. Este fenómeno ha permitido a los usuarios operar de nuevas formas, lo que entraña una serie de ventajas y riesgos inherentes que deberían conocer. Las ventajas asociadas a estos activos financieros han supuesto un reclamo que ha hecho que cada vez más individuos hagan uso de los mismos. Esta atracción se ha traducido en una mayor presencia de los criptoactivos en las investigaciones policiales, utilizados como medio de pago, promocionados como inversiones con rendimientos rápidos e incluso utilizados en operativas de blanqueo de capitales procedentes de todo tipo de delitos. La versatilidad en su utilización y su cada vez más marcada presencia en la sociedad plantea desafíos significativos para las autoridades, que deben, sin limitar las oportunidades legítimas que los criptoactivos pueden ofrecer, adaptar su legislación para salvaguardar a la población frente a los posibles riesgos asociados a los criptoactivos y fomentar su uso responsable y seguro. En este sentido, las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad están en la obligación de proteger a los ciudadanos en este nuevo ámbito virtual que se presenta.

Milidragović Dragan, Milić Nenad

In the last ten years, many police organizations around the word have been approaching the implementation of cameras that can be placed on the body of a police officer. By implementing these cameras, police organizations strive to prevent and suppress crime, to improve officer safety, officers' performance and police-community relationship. In September 2023, the Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs started with the pilot project of implementing body worn cameras (BWC) in two organizational units of the traffic police. The research presented in this paper was carried out before the idea of implementation of BWCs in Serbian police practice was born. The research included police officers from five organizational units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The aim of the research was to explore the views and opinions of police officers related to implementation of BWCs. Research results and the authors' conclusions may help the decision-making process related to the BWC implementation in Serbian police practice.

Anderson Bezerra Lopes, Eliakin Pires Tatsuo

CONFLITO NEGATIVO DE COMPETÊNCIA. PENAL. IDEALIZAÇÃO DE ROUBO DE AGÊNCIA DOS CORREIOS. COGITAÇÃO E ATOS PREPARATÓRIOS. TENTATIVA. INEXISTÊNCIA. INCIDÊNCIA APENAS DO ART. 14 DO ESTATUTO DO DESARMAMENTO. 1. Nos termos do art. 14, inciso II, do Código Penal, só há tentativa quando, iniciada a conduta delituosa, o crime não se consuma por fatores alheios à intenção do agente. 2. Na hipótese em tela, não se verificou qualquer ato de execução, mas somente a cogitação e os atos preparatórios dos acusados que confessaram a intenção de roubar determinada agência dos correios. Descabida, pois, a imputação do crime de roubo idealizado. 3. A conduta preparatória de portar ilegalmente arma de fogo de uso permitido subsume-se ao art. 14 da Lei n.º 10.826/2003, evidenciando a competência da Justiça Estadual. 4. Conflito conhecido para declarar competente o Juízo de Direito da 3ª Vara de Bacabal/MA.

Nantaporn Plurphanswat, Brad Rodu

Introduction: Most adult cigarette smokers have tried unsuccessfully to quit. We followed participants in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study through five waves (2013–2019), comparing smoking, quit behaviors and other characteristics between persistent smokers and those who became and stayed former smokers. Methods: The main analysis employed treatment effects to estimate mean differences in smoking and quitting behaviors among smoker groups. Logistic models were used to estimate predicted means based on continuing smokers’ demographic characteristics to ensure that any differences in outcomes did not come from differences in demographic characteristics. Results: Among smokers enrolled in PATH Wave 1, 68 % persisted in all subsequent waves. Compared with smokers who quit after Wave 1, persistent smokers had remarkably stable smoking behaviors, including significantly higher proportions of everyday smokers, consuming 10+ cigarettes per day, and smoking within 30 min of waking up. Persistent smokers were also less likely to try to quit completely, and experienced more negative symptoms from nicotine withdrawal. They also showed less interest in quitting and were less confident of being successful than smokers who quit by the next wave. Neither electronic nicotine delivery systems nor menthol played a role in continued smoking or quitting. Conclusions: The characteristics and behaviors of persistent smokers in this study were stable over five waves of data collection during a six-year period, suggesting that these smokers need new cessation options.

Wendell Codrington Wallace, Malisa Neptune-Figaro

While the topic of motivation to enter policing has proliferated in the Global North, there are limited studies examining recruit’s motivations to enter policing in the Caribbean. As a result, the current effort was designed to analyze the motivations for entering the police profession by gathering data from police recruits in training at the National Police College in Jamaica via standardized, self-administered questionnaires. Data were gathered from one hundred and sixty-one (n=161) police recruits and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The analyses were based on gender, age, marital status and educational level and sought to determine the motivations of police recruits who entered the Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF). The findings indicated that the major motivations for entry into policing in Jamaica were: (1) the desire to assist others, (2) the opportunity to further education, and (3) the opportunity to enforce laws. This study provides insights into the motivations behind motivations for entry into policing in Jamaica and is a starting point for future research on motivations to enter the police profession in the Caribbean.

Christine E. Grella, Erika Ostlie, Christy K. Scott et al.

Abstract Background There is a high risk of death from opioid overdose following release from prison. Efforts to develop and implement overdose prevention programs for justice-involved populations have increased in recent years. An understanding of the gaps in knowledge on prevention interventions is needed to accelerate development, implementation, and dissemination of effective strategies. Methods A systematic search process identified 43 published papers addressing opioid overdose prevention in criminal justice settings or among justice-involved populations from 2010 to February 2020. Cross-cutting themes were identified, coded and qualitatively analyzed. Results Papers were coded into five categories: acceptability (n = 8), accessibility (n = 4), effectiveness (n = 5), feasibility (n = 7), and participant overdose risk (n = 19). Common themes were: (1) Acceptability of naloxone is associated with injection drug use, overdose history, and perceived risk within the situational context; (2) Accessibility of naloxone is a function of the interface between corrections and community; (3) Evaluations of overdose prevention interventions are few, but generally show increases in knowledge or reductions in opioid overdose; (4) Coordinated efforts are needed to implement prevention interventions, address logistical challenges, and develop linkages between corrections and community providers; (5) Overdose is highest immediately following release from prison or jail, often preceded by service-system interactions, and associated with drug-use severity, injection use, and mental health disorders, as well as risks in the post-release environment. Conclusion Study findings can inform the development of overdose prevention interventions that target justice-involved individuals and policies to support their implementation across criminal justice and community-based service systems.

AGNEW, John. Mapping Populism. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019. 182 pp. $27.00 paper. ALEXANDER, Nathan G.Race in a Godless World: Atheism, Race, and Civilization, 1850–1914. New York: New York University Press, 2019. 256 pp. $39.00 cloth. ANGHEL, Remus Gabriel, Margit FAUSER, and Paolo BOCCAGNI, eds. Transnational Return and Social Change: Hierarchies, Identities and Ideas. London: Anthem Press, 2019. 208 pp. $109.36 cloth. BAMYEH, Mohammed A. Lifeworlds of Islam: The Pragmatics of a Religion. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019. 256 pp. $57.24 cloth. BARTILOW, Horace A. Drug War Pathologies: Embedded Corporatism and U.S. Drug Enforcement in the Americas. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019. 320 pp. $29.95 paper. BEAN, Clive, Shaun RATCLIFF, Bruce TRANTER, Katrine BEAUREGARD, Ian MCALLISTER, Toni MAKKAI, Anja EDER, et al. Australian Social Attitudes IV: The Age of Insecurity. Sydney, AU: Sydney University Press, 2018. 232 pp. $46.14 paper. BENJAMIN, Ruha. Race after Technology: Abolitionist Tools for the New Jim Code. Medford, MA: Polity, 2019. 172 pp. $18.95 paper. BERGER, Helen A. Solitary Pagans: Contemporary Witches, Wiccans, and Others Who Practice Alone. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2019. 203 pp. $34.99 cloth. BEUNZA, Daniel. Taking the Floor: Models, Morals, and Management in a Wall Street Trading Room. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2019. 344 pp. $32.34 cloth. BÍRÓ, Gábor. The Economic Thought of Michael Polanyi. New York: Routledge, 2019. 188 pp. $133.33 cloth. BONNET, Franc xois. The Upper Limit: How Low-Wage Work Defines Punishment and Welfare. Oakland: University of California Press, 2019. 200 pp. $65.39 cloth. BORTOLINI, Matteo, ed. Anthem Companion to Robert N. Bellah. New York: Anthem Press, 2019. 230 pp. $98.55 cloth. BOWSER, Benjamin P., and Chelli DEVADUTT, eds. Racial Inequality in New York City since 1965. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2019. 452 pp. $95.00 cloth. BOYLES, Andrea S. You Can’t Stop the Revolution: Community Disorder and Social Ties in Post-Ferguson America. Oakland: University of California Press, 2019. 240 pp. $28.49 paper. BRISTOW, David L., ed. Votes for Women: The 19th Amendment in Nebraska. Lincoln: History Nebraska, 2019. 100 pp. $15.95 paper. CABANAS, Edgar, and Eva ILLOUZ. Manufacturing Happy Citizens: How the Science and Industry of Happiness Control Our Lives. Medford, MA: Polity, 2019. 260 pp. $19.95 paper. CASTLE, Jeremiah J. Rock of Ages: Subcultural Religious Identity and Public Opinion among Young Evangelicals. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2019. 240 pp. $34.95 paper. CHERRY, Elizabeth. For the Birds: Protecting Wildlife through the Naturalist Gaze. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2019. 222 pp. $27.95 paper. CHUN, Edna B., and Joe R. FEAGIN. Rethinking Diversity Frameworks in Higher Education. New York: Routledge, 2019. 248 pp. $39.95 paper. COLLINS, Patricia Hill. Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2019. 376 pp. $29.95 paper. CONNAUGHTON, Stacey L., and Jessica BERNS, eds. Locally Led Peacebuilding: Global Case Studies. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2019. 302 pp. $95.00 cloth. COULDRY, Nick, and Ulises A. MEJIAS. The Costs of Connection: How Data Is Colonizing Human Life and Appropriating It for Capitalism. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2019. 352 pp. $29.71 paper. DONNELLY, Seth. The Lie of Global Prosperity: How Neoliberals Distort Data to Mask Poverty and Exploitation. New York: Monthly Review Press, 2019. 160 pp. $21.00 paper. DOUBT, Keith, and Adnan TUFEKCIC. Ethnic and National Identity in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Kinship and Solidarity in a Polyethnic Society. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2019. 116 pp. $80.00 cloth. EWICK, Patricia, and Marc W. STEINBERG. Beyond Betrayal: The Priest Sex Abuse Crisis, the Voice of the Faithful, and the Process of Collective Identity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2019. 182 pp. $25.00 paper. FULKERSON, Gregory M., and Alexander R. THOMAS. Urbanormativity: Reality, Representation, and Everyday Life. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2019. 204 pp. $89.66 cloth. GHAZIANI, Amin, and Matt BRIM, eds. Imagining Queer Methods. New York: New York University Press, 2019. 331 pp. $30.00 paper. GIERSZEWSKI, Dorota, Ewa BOBROWSKA, and Julia KLUZOWICZ, eds. Civic Education in the

Alfred W. McCoy

<p class="p1">In a search for appropriate theory, this essay inserts drug trafficking, the world’s largest illicit economic activity, within a wider analytical frame called the ‘covert netherworld.’ Through the convergence of three factors—covert operations, illicit commerce, and social milieu—such netherworlds can form at regional, national, and international levels, thereby transforming social margins of crime and illicit commerce into potent sources of political change. By deftly playing upon this netherworld’s politics and illicit commerce along the Burma-Thai borderlands, a regional ‘drug lord’ amassed sufficient local power to dominate the global heroin trade for over a decade and simultaneously sustain an ethnic revolt for nearly 15 years. In the Philippines, the illicit traffic in synthetic drugs developed a parallel power to influence the character of national politics, compromising three presidential administrations and shaping the moral economy of political life. For the past 40 years in Afghanistan, an illicit commodity, opium, has shaped the fate of military intervention by the world’s sole superpower, allowing it an initial success and later contributing to its ongoing failure. Through the sum of these cases, the essay concludes that the covert netherworld can serve as invisible incubator for a range of extralegal activities and has thereby attained sufficient autonomy to be treated as a significant factor in international politics.</p>

Megan McKnight

Support for LGBTQ families is on the rise and many research studies have been published proving that children with LGBTQ parents fare just as well as children raised by heterosexual, cisgender parents. However, despite the growing acceptance of LGBTQ families, much of the literature and many community resources have only focused on the parents. We still know very little about the experiences and development of queerspawn. In particular, many are unfamiliar with the kinds of support queerspawn need, the language they may use to speak about their identity/ies, and their unique relationship to queerness and queer community. The culmination of this paper includes clinical recommendations for providers to consider when working in clinical settings with queerspawn.

Sergio Quintero Londoño

Resumen: El artículo analiza algunas características del marxismo en la reconceptualización. Se reflexiona sobre las condiciones de las décadas 1960-1970, donde producto de las contradicciones socio-históricas, se genera una pluralidad en los fundamentos teórico-metodológicos. Se demuestra cómo el marxismo incursiona en el Trabajo Social a partir de diversas fragmentaciones del corpus teórico de Marx, desconociendo la crítica de la economía política, y por tanto disolviendo la perspectiva de totalidad.

Cvetković Vladimir M.

Consequences of floods that affected the territory of Serbia in 2014 indicated a very low level of preparedness of population to respond to natural disasters. Therefore, the aim of quantitative research is to examine the impact of fear on the willingness of citizens to respond to a natural disaster caused by the flood in the Republic of Serbia. Bearing in mind all local communities in Serbia where floods occurred or where there is a high risk of flooding, the sample was randomly selected consisting of 19 of 150 municipalities and 23 towns and the city of Belgrade. The survey used the strategy of testing in households with the use of a multi-stage random sample. The research results show that the citizens who are employed, in a higher percentage/to a greater extent compared to citizens who are not have taken certain preventive measures aimed at reducing the tangible consequences of floods, would pay funds to an account to help flood victims, would engage in providing help to flood victims in the field, heavy rains make them think of preparedness for response and water level rise, they engaged in preparations for at least 6 months, do not do anything that would raise the level of preparedness to the next level, etc. The originality of the research lies in the fact that in Serbia the research has never been conducted to examine the state of preparedness of citizens to respond. Bearing in mind that the research is based on the territory of Serbia, the conclusions can be generalized to the entire population. The research results can be used when creating a strategy for improving the level of preparedness of citizens to respond.

Anne Ryen

Editorial:<br />The Promise

Elaine Rossetti Behring

R. R. Alves, I. Rosa

a g, k p

چکیده این نوشتار به دنبال کاوش در برساخت اجتماعی پدیده خودکشی از منظر اقدام کنندگان به خودکشی در شهر آبدانان است. داده‌های این مطالعه کیفی از طریق مصاحبه عمیق، مشاهده مشارکتی و اسناد و مدارک گردآوری‌شده و از روش نظریه مبنایی برای تحلیل داده‌ها استفاده‌شده است. با کمک روش نمونه‌گیری کیفی، نظری و هدفمند با 8 نفر از مطلعین کلیدی مصاحبه شده تا اشباع نظری حاصل گردد. سرانجام داده‌های گردآوری‌شده در قالب 64 مفهوم، 4 مقوله عمده و یک مقوله هسته کدگذاری و تحلیل‌شده‌اند. 4 مقوله عُمده عبارت‌اند از: گسیختگی خانوادگی، فشار ساختاری، فردیت عقیم مانده و فشار هنجاری. مقوله هسته نیز که دیگر مقولات کُلی را شامل می‌شود مقوله "طرد اجتماعی" است. یافته‌ها بر مبنای نتایج این مطالعه، اقدام به خودکشی برساختی اجتماعی است و به‌مثابه امری بسترمند، نتیجه واکنش‌ها و تعاملات جوانان آبدانانی به فرصت‌ها و محدودیت‌های محیط اجتماعی و فرهنگی است. به‌عبارت‌دیگر، بازسازی معنایی خوانش اقدام کنندگان به خودکشی از چگونگی برساخت پدیده خودکشی، حاکی از آن است که آن‌ها پدیده خودکشی را به‌مثابه واکنش و راهبرد گریزناپذیر به جدایی از جریان اصلی محیط اجتماعی- فرهنگی درک و تفسیر کرده‌اند.

Maria Lucia S. Barroco

Neste texto, refletimos sobre a concepção liberal de liberdade sinalizando que seu individualismo leva a atitudes de intolerância frente às diferenças sociais. Em contraposição, resgatamos o significado ontológico-social da liberdade que supõe a sociabilidade, a alteridade e a equidade.

M. Nissen