Abstract For city planners, public experimentation has become an attractive tool to “look into the future”, increasingly including novel technologies: Actors test novel mobility options, such as autonomous driving on urban roads to receive real-world feedback on their prototypes; and digital technologies are used to create virtual spaces of experimentation to explore interventions in urban space before implementation. Paying explicit attention to the performative character of experiments and the mechanisms by which they make envisioned futures more plausible than others, we build on the concept of “techniques of futuring” (ToF) to better understand the role of experiments in urban transformations. We ask: How do urban experiments perform mobility futures and how does the performance make these futures plausible? We provide empirical insights on two cases of experimental environments in Munich: a living lab for autonomous driving and an urban digital twin for novel bicycle infrastructure design. We identify three core performative mechanisms by which urban experimentation contributes to making certain futures plausible: picturing the vision, preparing the city, and persuading the public. These mechanisms show how experiments involving novel technologies can become powerful in underpinning the presented visions of future mobility. At the same time, they call for caution when the allure of these mechanisms outplays alternative ways of deliberating and creating mobility futures.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Cities. Urban geography
Sudadi Sudadi, Slamet Minardi, Ongko Cahyono
et al.
Counseling and Practices of Tayurdapot Cultivation for Farmers Group “Abdi Dalem Klebengan”, Kadipiro Village, Banjarsari, Surakarta. Citizens association (RW) 17 as a partner in this community service activity is one of the RWs in Kelurahan Kadipiro, Banjarsari District, Surakarta City which has a farmer group, namely the Farmer Group (Poktan) "Abdi Dalem Klebengan" which until now has been very active in empowering the community in agriculture. Even though it is located in the city area, Poktan "Abdi Dalem Klebengan" realizes that agricultural activities are one of the sectors that can help maintain the community's economy. Therefore, Poktan "Abdi Dalem Klebengan" is very active in trying to make the people in their area, namely RT 01 RW 17, work on agriculture around their settlements, including in the yards of their respective houses by working on potted plants to help the family's economy. One type of plant that is easy to cultivate in a pot is a vegetable plant (Plant vegetables in a Pot-Tayurdapot). This service activity aims to awaken and maintain the spirit of farming around the house for members of the Poktan "Abdi Dalem Klebengan" in particular and the community of RT 01 RW 17 Ngipang, Kadipiro, Banjarsari, Surakarta in general. Activities are carried out by the method of socialization activities and demonstrations of Tayurdapot cultivation practices in synergy with the Poktan "Abdi Dalem Klebengan". Through this effort, it is hoped that the families of the group members and the community of RT 01 RW 17 will be helped by their need for vegetables that can reduce daily shopping costs. Poktan "Abdi Dalem Klebengan" also produces organic fertilizer from its livestock business so that it can synergize with this service activity through its help organic fertilizer as a planting medium for tayurdapot for residents of RT 01 RW 17. This service activity is mono-year, but is expected to continue in the following year through other productive activities such as tabulampot, livestock business, fish rearing and guidance on the production of organic fertilizers and liquid biofertilizers.
This article presents a comprehensive evaluation of image segmentation methods for monitoring morphological changes in refugee camps, comparing five distinct approaches: ESRI Landviewer clustering, K-means clustering, U-Net segmentation, Meta’s Segment Anything Model (SAM) and ArcGIS segmentation. Using high-resolution satellite imagery from Al-Azraq refugee camp in Jordan (2014–2023) as a case study, this research systematically assesses each method’s performance in detecting and quantifying settlement pattern changes. The evaluation framework incorporates multiple validation metrics, including overall accuracy, the Kappa coefficient, F1-score and computational efficiency. The results demonstrate that ArcGIS’s ISO clustering and classification approach achieves superior performance, with 99% overall accuracy and a Kappa coefficient of 0.95, significantly outperforming the other tested methods. While Meta SAM shows promise in object detection, its performance degrades with aerial imagery, achieving only 75% accuracy in settlement pattern recognition. The study establishes specific parameter optimization guidelines for humanitarian contexts, with spectral detail values of 3.0–7.0 and spatial detail values of 14.0–18.0, yielding optimal results for refugee settlement analysis. These findings provide crucial methodological guidance for monitoring refugee settlement evolution and transition, contributing to more effective humanitarian response planning and settlement management through integrating remote sensing and machine learning technologies.
Defensiveness is a pivotal characteristic of traditional military settlements in ancient China, influenced by various factors linked to settlement construction and the occurrence of battles. Previous studies have typically focused on specific periods or moments, overlooking the dynamic interrelationships that evolve over time. The study proposes the concept of ‘defensive efficiency’ as a specific indicator for measuring the level of military defense system construction. Meanwhile, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was introduced to decompose the complex defense efficiency indicators into a quantitative system consisting of four levels of evaluation factors, analyse and statistically analyse the individual evaluation factors, and finally integrate and visualise the comparison of the data over multiple periods of time with the help of a geographic information system (GIS). The results of the study show that the changes in defensive efficiency in the four periods reflected the four stages of coastal defense construction in Ningbo during the Ming Dynasty: the preliminary construction period, the full construction period after repeated Wokou infestations, the basic completion period, and the period when Wokou encroachments were reduced and the point of attack was relocated to the south. While the spatial distribution of battles drove the continuous construction and improvement of coastal defense settlements, the improvement of the coastal defense system had an obvious effect on resisting Wokou intrusion. The study enriches the understanding of the cultural significance of traditional Chinese military settlement systems, emphasises the importance of tailor-made strategies appropriate to different historical periods and regional contexts, and provides a basis for the sustainable conservation of extant remains.
Kondisi tempat tinggal berperan penting dalam menentukan tingkat kebersihan dan sanitasi lingkungan. Tempat tinggal dan lingkungan yang tidak memenuhi standar kesehatan dapat menjadi faktor risiko penularan penyakit, seperti tuberkulosis paru. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat adalah untuk memberikan edukasi kepada penderita TB. Edukasi keluarga penderita TB dan pentingnya sanitasi rumah sehat menjadi fokus kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Kegiatan pengabdian Masyarakat dilakukan dengan ceramah, penampilkan video dan pemberian leaflet serta dialog secara interaktif. Hasil uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan bahwa edukasi yang diberikan berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta tentang tuberculosis dan sanitasi rumah, terbukti dari perbedaan signifikan antara pre-test dan post-test (Asymp.Sig bernilai 0,000 (0,000 < 0,05), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesisi H1 diterima yang artinya terdapat pengaruh pemberian edukasi terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan keluarga penderita TB tentang Tuberkulosis dan sanitasi rumah. Diharapkan dengan mengikuti kegiatan ini, para peserta dapat berperan aktif dalam meningkatkan angka kesembuhan dan menurunkan kejadian TB di lingkungannya.
Dagmara Helena Brzeziecka, Bartosz Piziak, Karolina Thel
The aim of the article is to analyse the activities of Urban Living Labs (ULL) in Poland from
the perspective of supporting the realization of sustainable development goals at the local level. The article is based on an analysis of Internet materials (1,907 research units from social media and websites) of
Polish Urban Labs on various types of activities they perform. The analysis of the materials helped to assess the way in which Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) concepts are implemented as part of the
urban innovations developed at Urban Labs. It helped to identify the most important directions of SDG
implementation, as well as to propose a typology of urban labs in this regard. The main conclusions of the
research concern the different strategies for concentrating ULL activities around the SDGs, as well as the
emergence of three speeds of ULL in terms of their involvement in SDG implementation. The “great absentee,” i.e. the undervaluing of sustainable energy topics in ULL activities in Poland, was also revealed.
José Lobo, Rimjhim M. Aggarwal, Marina Alberti
et al.
Abstract There is a growing recognition that responding to climate change necessitates urban adaptation. We sketch a transdisciplinary research effort, arguing that actionable research on urban adaptation needs to recognize the nature of cities as social networks embedded in physical space. Given the pace, scale and socioeconomic outcomes of urbanization in the Global South, the specificities and history of its cities must be central to the study of how well-known agglomeration effects can facilitate adaptation. The proposed effort calls for the co-creation of knowledge involving scientists and stakeholders, especially those historically excluded from the design and implementation of urban development policies.
Muhammad Ma'arij Harfadli, Nadia Almira Jordan, Mega Ulimaz
The dominance of the use of synthetic detergents is tends to be high, especially in RT 54 neighborhood Karang Joang Village, North Balikpapan. The use of packaged detergent that produce B3 waste is still unknown by the residents. In addition, the absence of waste management and particular disposal systems also contribute as a negative impact on the environment. The training and socialization activities for making environmentally friendly detergents were carried out to provide information about the basic ingredients for eco-friendly detergent using Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) as a vegetable surfactant, as well as to encourage participants to be able to make detergents independently. The method used in this activity is demonstrations by explaining the stages of manufacture. The process of making detergent is carried out through the preparation stage, the making process and recording in video, using simple tools and materials. Video demonstrations were published on social media so that the dissemination of information was wider than the initial target of the activity. Through this activity, the results obtained were that the stages of making detergents that were not too complicated, so it could be easily understood, especially with a video guide that could be accessed at any time.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/abdimas.v6i1.5025
If the distribution of amber in Europe has been studied quite fully, then the study of the distribution of amber in Eurasia is replete with white spots. This also applies to amber jewelry among the nomads. The focus of the present article is amber jewelry among the nomads of Asian Sarmatia in the context of its distribution in Eurasia in the Early Iron Age. In this regard, the distribution of amber beads in Central Europe, Italy, the Balkans, and Scythia in the 7th — 4th centuries BCE, in the necropoleis of the ancient cities of the North Pontic region of the 6th — 4th centuries BCE, Colchis — of the 5th — 4th centuries BCE, in the Near East, Central Asia, in Siberia and Mongolia is considered.
No later than the 4th century BCE items made of amber, mainly originating from the territory of Ukraine and the Baltics, rare in this period in the North Pontic area and unknown in Scythia, appear in the Sarmatian burials of the Southern Urals, where they are found more often and in larger numbers in the complexes of the 3rd and 3rd — 2nd centuries BCE. Two possible ways of distribution are considered. One — across the Northern and Eastern Black Sea regions, further on via Caucasus, Caspian Sea and the old bed of Uzboy, which seems preferable, and the second — via Western Asia, which hardly correlates with the provenance of the material of the majority of beads from Prokhorovka in the Urals.
In the burial complexes of Asian Sarmatia of the 2nd — 1st centuries BCE amber beads are extremely rare and are presented in single quantities both in the Trans-Volga region and in the Lower Don. It is not excluded that such beads found their way via both Western Asia and Central Europe (through Tanais). No later than the 1st century BCE amber beads are beginning to be used both in Hindustan and Central Asia, as well as in Eastern Siberia and China. Attention is drawn to their rather wide distribution in the burials of the Xiongnu in Mongolia in the late 1st century BCE — 1st century CE. In this region and probably in Bactria, judging by the finds from the Tillya-tepe, amber was also used as a material of inlays in jewelry and belt buckles. Despite the fact that it is obvious that amber beads could have come to the Xiongnu and China from the west (as Baltic amber was used to make beads from the early Scythian Burial-mound Arzhan-2 in Tuva), the fact that it may not have necessarily been of Baltic origin, but originate from Burma, was confirmed by the study of amber objects from the 1st century CE tomb M18 in Nanyang.
In the 1st — first half of the 2nd century CE amber beads are widespread both in the necropoleis of ancient cities and settlements of the North Pontic region, as well as in the barbarian burials of the Crimea, Sarmatian burials in the Bug and Dnieper regions. There are relatively few of them in the burials of the nomads of the Lower Don region — they are more often found in the interfluve of the Volga and Don. Amber beads are especially common in burials of the Late Sarmatian period, when they are known practically throughout the territory of Sarmatia from the Carpathian-Danube basin to the steppes of the Southern Urals. In Asian Sarmatia, three clusters are distinguished: first of all — the Lower Don region and the southern part of the Volga-Don interfluve, as well as — the South Urals and the interfluve of the Khoper and Volga. During this period amber was widely used for the manufacture of pommels of swords and daggers.
Starting from the 2nd — 1st centuries BCE amber beads in burials are quite often found together with coral beads and pendants (in 40—47% of cases). This may indicate a common source of beads made from these exotic materials. In the 4th — 3rd centuries BCE, when jewelry made of amber and coral appeared among the Sarmatians of the Southern Urals, it is likely that the ways of their distribution were different. Corals were more likely to arrive through Western Asia.
Gerhard H Janse van Rensburg, Ute Dagmar Feucht, Jennifer Makin
et al.
<h4>Background</h4>Human migration is a worldwide phenomenon that receives considerable attention from the media and healthcare authorities alike. A significant proportion of children seen at public sector health facilities in South Africa (SA) are immigrants, and gaps have previously been noted in their healthcare provision. The objective of the study was to describe the characteristics and differences between the immigrant and SA children admitted to Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital (KPTH), a large public sector hospital in the urban Gauteng Province of SA.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>A cross-sectional study was conducted over a 4-month period during 2016 to 2017. Information was obtained through a structured questionnaire and health record review. The enrolled study participants included 508 children divided into 2 groups, namely 271 general paediatric patients and 237 neonates. Twenty-five percent of children in the neonatal group and 22.5% in the general paediatric group were immigrants. The parents/caregivers of the immigrant group had a lower educational level (p < 0.0001 neonatal and paediatric), lower income (neonatal p < 0.001; paediatric p = 0.024), difficulty communicating in English (p < 0.001 neonatal and paediatric), and were more likely residing in informal settlements (neonatal p = 0.001; paediatric p = 0.007) compared to the SA group. In the neonatal group, there was no difference in the number of antenatal care (ANC) visits, type of delivery, gestational age, and birth weight. In the general paediatric group, there was no difference in immunisation and vitamin A supplementation coverage, but when comparing growth, the immigrant group had more malnutrition compared to the SA group (p = 0.029 for wasting). There was no difference in the prevalence of maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, with equally good prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) coverage. There was also no difference in reported difficulties by immigrants in terms of access to healthcare (neonatal p = 0.379; paediatric p = 0.246), although a large proportion (10%) of the neonates of immigrant mothers were born outside a medical facility.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Although there were health-related differences between immigrant and SA children accessing in-hospital care, these were fewer than expected. Differences were found in parental educational level and socioeconomic factors, but these did not significantly affect ANC attendance, delivery outcomes, immunisation coverage, HIV prevalence, or PMTCT coverage. The immigrant population should be viewed as a high-risk group, with potential problems including suboptimal child growth. Health workers should advocate for all children in the community they are serving and promote tolerance, respect, and equal healthcare access.
The article focuses on the cult of the Virgin Mary in the village of Popovo, Pernik region, and the way that cult becomes a factor in maintaining the local memory of the community that experienced traumatic changes in Bulgaria at the beginning of the socialist period. The villages of Popovo and Krapets were displaced because of the intensive industrialization of the Pernik region in the early 50s of the twentieth century and the building of the Studena dam. The population was moved near the newly-built state-owned metallurgical plant named after V.I. Lenin (now Stomana Industry), where the building of the largest quarter of the town started. Access was prohibited to the villages and the settlers’ need to adapt to the new conditions resulted in looking for compensatory mechanisms in maintaining the community life and local memory of the two previous settlements. The building of the Dormition of the Virgin Mary Church in the new quarter named after Lenin (now Iztok) is perceived as a kind of continuation of the destroyed village churches, and its patron saint’s day is celebrated up to the very present by the previous inhabitants of Popovo and their descendants. The study is based on field research among the settlers from the two villages, as well as on observations on the restored village feast in Popovo after 1989, and on the celebrations of the Day of the Virgin Mary in the Iztok quarter of Pernik.
Nurul Amirah ISA, Wan Mohd Naim WAN MOHD, Siti Aekbal SALLEH
et al.
Physical geography and urban characteristics influenced the urban climate conditions. Built-up areas, green urban parks, forest reserves, streets and terrain constitute the climatic interactions within urban areas. These have led to the variation of the urban climate condition throughout the world. Thus, in studying urban climate, the impacts of these factors are crucial to be examined. This study aims to examine the effects of six important factors, namely built-up areas, green covers, terrain elevation, building volume, surface roughness and land use type, which contribute to the variation of the urban climate condition within the Kuala Lumpur City. In this study, the effects of the six factors (urban parameters) towards the air surface temperature variation were statistically tested. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and remote sensing technique, the data needed for the analyses were extracted. The Geographical Information System (GIS) was employed as the analysis platform during the study. Based on the Spearman’s rho and Mann-Whitney U tests, it was identified that the six urban parameters and the air surface temperature variation are correlated. The further investigation conducted using the Kruskall-Wallis test has identified that only five of the urban parameters showed significant effects toward the air surface temperature variation, which are built-up areas, green covers, terrain elevation, building volume and surface roughness while the land use type was excluded. The findings of this study are very crucial as a pioneer research to integrate the urban climatic information in the urban planning decision making in tropical cities like Kuala Lumpur.
Cities. Urban geography, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
An analysis of the arrangement system of ancient fortifications dating back to the Early Iron Age allowed to distinguish a special coastal group of sites located on the right bank of the Sura river within the boundaries of the Chuvash Republic. Determination of the topographical features of settlement arrangement, connection between fortified and unfortified settlements, and residential areas are the primary objectives of the spatial analysis. The authors established that the central sites of the micro-regions are settlements surrounded with several satellites located within two kilometers from the settlements. They can be individual or group sites consisting of two sites located in close proximity to each other. The cartographic method allowed to distinguish a group of coastal monuments clearly associated with the riverbank of the Sura. The settlements differ from other sites by their size and diverse system of fortifications. The association between settlements and fortifications is traced by the authors on the example of a group of sites in the vicinity of Ilyina Gora, Vyselok No. 1 and No. 2 in the Yadrinsky district. The gravitational model reveals a weak association factor due to the small size of the sites and their remoteness from each other.
Globally challenges regarding healthcare provision are sometimes related to a failure to estimate client numbers in peri-urban areas due to rapid population growth. About one-sixth of the world's population live in informal settlements which are mostly characterised by poor healthcare service provision. Poor access to primary healthcare may expose residents of informal settlement more to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) than their rural and urban counterparts due to a lack of access to information on prevention, early diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of both the reproductive health services' clients and the healthcare providers with regard to the provision of reproductive health services including the prevention of HIV and AIDS in a primary healthcare setting in Tshwane. A qualitative, exploratory and contextual design using a phenomenological approach to enquire about the participants' experiences was implemented. Purposive sampling resulted in the selection of 23 clients who used the reproductive healthcare services and ten healthcare providers who were interviewed during individual and focus group interviews respectively. Tesch's method for qualitative data analysis was used. Ethical principles guided the study, and certain strategies were followed to ensure trustworthiness. The findings revealed that females who lived in informal settlements were aware of the inability of the PHC setting to provide adequate reproductive healthcare to meet their needs. The HCPs acknowledged that healthcare provision was negatively affected by policies. It was found that the community members could be taught how to coach teenagers and support each other in order to bridge staff shortages and increase health outcomes including HIV/AIDS prevention.
En este artículo se revisa la evolución macroeconómica del país en el periodo 1970-2013, se profundiza en las transformaciones ocurridas en la distribución territorial de la industria manufacturera –utilizando como variable el personal ocupado– y se identifican factores explicativos del crecimiento en la demanda ocupacional manufacturera. El universo de estudio comprende las ciudades de 100 mil y más habitantes en 2010. La información que se utiliza proviene de Naciones Unidas, de los censos de población y de los censos económicos. Los resultados muestran procesos encontrados, puesto que por un lado la Ciudad de México se desindustrializó, pero hubo un aumento de la concentración geográfica en la mayoría de los grupos de actividad. Asimismo, los factores explicativos de la localización industrial fueron distintos en el periodo de crecimiento relativo, en comparación con el de estancamiento. Por último, se evidencia que no se han logrado avances en la eficiencia productiva de las economías urbanas.
Human settlements. Communities, Demography. Population. Vital events
Concern over agreeable appearance of the living environment has a history as long as the formation of primary human settlements. People’s desire to live in pleasant environments has increase the importance of attention to the quality of life in urban and rural areas. The current paper aimes to assess effective factors influencing citizen’s satisfaction with the quality of life in urban-rural area of Aslanduz.
Accordingly, after reviewing theoretical literature of environment quality, the conceptual framework consisting of 15 factors was established and analyzed. The methodology of the study is a combination of descriptive-analytic survey with the aims of producing applicable results and executive strategies. .
Different variables including age, gender, education level, economic satisfaction and marital status were tested for correlation with15 dependant factors in order to analyze their impact on the resident’s quality of life. The sample size was estimated 384 respondents based on Cochran’s formula. The members of the study sample were chosen by random sampling method regarding population of study sub-communities of Aslanduz. One-way ANOVA test (for multiple independent variables) and T-test (for independent bi-variables) was used to compare the average degree of the subjective quality of environment declared by the respondents in different stages. To analyze data, the statistical methods such as: Frequency distribution, T-test- Spearman correlation coefficient, Phi and Cramer were used using SPSS software. In addition, for completion of the analyzes, fuzzy multi-criteria and cluster analyzes were used.
The results show that the overall satisfaction of citizens’ with their quality of environment is low. The obtained results which was evaluated in 5 levels (Very low, low, relatively high, high, very high Satisfaction) using cluster analysis, indicates Behdari alley has the best situation. Kamp is placed at second level and other alleys are in middle level. Also, the obtained results demonstrate that there is no significant relationship between gender and main variables of Quality of environment. In addition, the relationship between age and main variables of quality of environment is non-significant. In terms of marital status and main variables of quality of environment, no significant relationship exists that is vice versa with the economic status and main variables of quality of environment. Ultimately, there is no meaningful relationship between education level and main variables of quality of environment.
RESUMEN: En el artículo se estudia el problema del proceso de urbanización en los territorios nor-danubianos conquistados por Trajano en el año 106 d.C. e incorporados al Imperio como la nueva provincia Dacia. La historiografía rumana actual sigue debatiendo acerca de los orígenes de los once asentamientos de carácter urbano atestados en el territorio de la antigua provincia: una línea historiográfica intenta demostrar el proceso de formación y evolución histórica de las ciudades de la Dacia romana a partir de civitates autóctonas y un fenómeno urbanístico dacio de oppida interrumpido por la conquista romana; la otra corriente, por el contrario, intenta demostrar la creación ex novo de los asentamientos romanos, a partir de un intenso proceso de colonización y no superponiéndose con las civitates autóctonas dacias previas. Mediante el estudio de los once casos conocidos de asentamientos urbanos se pretende arrojar algo de luz sobre esta cuestión.<br /><br />ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the problem of the city planning process in the nord-Danubian territories conquered by Trajan in 106 A.D. and joined the Empire like the new province Dacia. The current Rumanian historiography goes on discussing about the origins of the eleven urban settlements attested over the ancient province's territory: one first historiographie path tries to prove the forming and historical evolution process of the Roman Dacia cities from autochthonous civitates and a Dacian urbanistic phenomenon of oppida, interrupted by the Roman conquest; the other way, on the contrary, tries to prove the new creation of the Roman settlements, from an intensive colonization process and no superposing over the previous autochthonous Dacian civitates. By studying the eleven known cases we want to give any light on this question.