Natalya V. Pravdina , Irina V. Danilova, Anzhela V. Karpushkina
Макроэкономическая турбулентность актуализировала задачу формирования промышленного суверенитета путем развития высокотехнологичных секторов, укрепления комплементарности производственного и инновационного потенциалов. В условиях неоднородного экономического пространства России формирование промышленного суверенитета предполагает перераспределение функций между территориями с учетом различий промышленных компетенций и отраслевой структуры. Статья посвящена разработке аналитического инструментария оценки экономической сложности структуры промышленности и отдельных видов деятельности индустриальных регионов для корректировки портфеля стратегических специализаций и определения перспективных направлений развития в интересах повышения промышленного суверенитета РФ. Объект исследования: 22 субъекта РФ с локализацией видов экономической деятельности в обрабатывающей промышленности, 71 отрасль высокого и средневысокого уровня технологичности. Методика исследования включает оценку показателей экономической сложности: сравнительных преимуществ специализаций, разнообразия, распространенности, технологической связанности, плотности и межотраслевого расстояния. Информационной базой исследования послужили данные о занятости и отгруженной продукции за 2023, 2024 гг. информационно-аналитических систем ЕМИСС и FIRA PRO. В результате анализа разграничено индустриальное пространство регионов и выделены субъекты с экономически сложной структурой промышленности, конкретизированы сложные виды деятельности как лидеры в портфеле стратегических специализаций регионов, идентифицированы ареалы перспективных отраслей, для роста и локализации которых сложилась производственно-технологическая база. Проекция структуры специализаций субъектов РФ (на примере Ярославской и Калужской областей) на отраслевое пространство регионов позволила определить перспективные виды экономической деятельности и потенциальные направления поддержки. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для определения приоритетов промышленной политики, что позволит стимулировать рост производственно-технологических компетенций регионов для достижения промышленного суверенитета РФ.
The increasing global demand for sustainable agricultural practices and effective waste management has highlighted the potential of biochar as a multifaceted solution. This study evaluates the economic viability of sugarcane bagasse-based biochar in Brazil, focusing on its potential to enhance agricultural productivity and contribute to environmental sustainability. While existing literature predominantly explores the production, crop yield benefits, and carbon sequestration capabilities of biochar, there is a notable gap in comprehensive economic modeling and viability analysis for the region. This paper aims to fill this gap by employing a scenario-based economic modeling approach, incorporating relevant economic models. Findings include that biochar implementation can be economically viable for medium and large sugarcane farms (20000-50000 hectares) given the availability of funding, breaking even in about 7.5 years with an internal rate of return of 18% on average. For small farms, biochar can only be viable when applying biochar to the soil, which in all scenarios is found to be the more profitable practice by a large margin. Sensitivity analyses found that generally, biochar becomes economically feasible at biochar carbon credit prices above $120 USD/tCO2e, and at sugarcane bagasse availability percentages above 60%. While the economic models are well-grounded in existing literature, the production of biochar at the studied scales is not yet widespread, especially in Brazil and uncertainties can result. Reviewing the results, the land application scenario was found to be the most viable, and large farms saw the best results, highlighting the importance of scale to biochar operation. Small and medium farms with no land application were concluded to have no and questionable viability, respectively.
In this paper, we demonstrate how multiport network theory can be used as a powerful modeling tool in economics. The critical insight is using the port concept to pair the flow of goods (the electrical current) with the agent's incentive (the voltage) in an economic interaction. By building networks of agents interacting through ports, we create models with multiple levels of abstraction, from the macro level down to the micro level. We are thereby able to model complex macroeconomic systems whose dynamical behavior is emergent from the micro level. Using the LTSpice circuit simulator, we then design and analyze a series of example systems that range in complexity from the textbook Robinson Crusoe economy to a model of an entire economy.
Many economic theories have been introduced over the course of history to articulate our understanding of the economy. Classical theories by Adam Smith and David Ricardo's Comparative Advantage have been foundational for the last century's work. Improvements have been achieved over time, incorporating insights from many disparate fields of study: contemporary frameworks like Behavioural Economics and Information Economics, which incorporate psychological insights and deviation from rational decision-making and insights from network theory and how the information flow affects the market behaviour, respectively. In this paper, I motivate the necessity of incorporating insights from Physics, and also show that trade as a phenomenon described by the comparative advantage theory cannot exist without the law of conservation of Energy, and incorporating this law leads to axiomatic completeness of the theory. Further, I also argue that while the economy is not a zero-sum game in terms of wealth, it does require at least one associated zero-sum parameter for trade and economy as phenomena to exist.
Financial inclusion is touted one of the principal drivers for economic growth for an economy. The study aims to explore the impact of financial inclusion on economic growth in Bangladesh. In my study, I used the number of loan accounts as the proxy for financial inclusion. Using time series data from spans from 2004-2021, the study revealed that there exists a long-run relationship between GDP, financial inclusion, and other macroeconomic variables in Bangladesh. The study also found that financial inclusion had a positive impact on economic growth of Bangladesh during the study period. Therefore, the policymakers and the central bank of Bangladesh as the apex authority of financial system should promote financial inclusion activities to achieve sustainable economic growth.
This paper is an original attempt to understand the foundations of economic reasoning. It endeavors to rigorously define the relationship between subjective interpretations and objective valuations of such interpretations in the context of theoretical economics. This analysis is substantially expanded through a dynamic approach, where the truth of a valuation results in an updated interpretation or changes in the agent's subjective belief regarding the effectiveness of the selected action as well as the objective reality of the effectiveness of all other possible actions (i.e. consequence realization). Complications arise when the economic agent is presented with a set of actions that render ambiguous preference, or when the effectiveness of an action cannot be perceived upon its selection, thereby necessitating a different theory of choice and consequence realization.
Digital economy is an emerging economic development mode, which has brought new vitality to the development of social real economy and promoted the development of regional economy. In this context, Anhui Province also put great efforts into the construction of digital economy, made great efforts to break through the core technology of digital economy, and constantly expanded the scale of digital economy, achieving remarkable results. Taking Anhui Province as the research object, this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system of digital economy development from three aspects: digital infrastructure, digital industry development and digital development environment, and uses entropy method to measure the overall development level of digital economy in each city and Anhui province. The study found that there are still big differences in the level of digital development among different cities, but most cities have large space for digital economy development and good prospects. Anhui's overall digital economy development tends to balance, the comprehensive level has also achieved a great leap. Finally, according to the evaluation results, combined with the development advantages and characteristics of Anhui digital economy, put forward operational suggestions.
This study investigates the long-term effects of temperature variations on economic growth using a data-driven approach. Leveraging machine learning techniques, we analyze global land surface temperature data from Berkeley Earth and economic indicators, including GDP and population data, from the World Bank. Our analysis reveals a significant relationship between average temperature and GDP growth, suggesting that climate variations can substantially impact economic performance. This research underscores the importance of incorporating climate factors into economic planning and policymaking, and it demonstrates the utility of machine learning in uncovering complex relationships in climate-economy studies.
As large language models (LLMs) like GPT become increasingly prevalent, it is essential that we assess their capabilities beyond language processing. This paper examines the economic rationality of GPT by instructing it to make budgetary decisions in four domains: risk, time, social, and food preferences. We measure economic rationality by assessing the consistency of GPT's decisions with utility maximization in classic revealed preference theory. We find that GPT's decisions are largely rational in each domain and demonstrate higher rationality score than those of human subjects in a parallel experiment and in the literature. Moreover, the estimated preference parameters of GPT are slightly different from human subjects and exhibit a lower degree of heterogeneity. We also find that the rationality scores are robust to the degree of randomness and demographic settings such as age and gender, but are sensitive to contexts based on the language frames of the choice situations. These results suggest the potential of LLMs to make good decisions and the need to further understand their capabilities, limitations, and underlying mechanisms.
The social components baseddevelopment of differentterritories constitutes a focal point for studies in geographical economics as well as regional sciences. The latter focuses on studying social and economic phenomena in their geographical dimensions. Human presence in a specific geographical space is not “neutral”, but rather a socio-economic asset with development implications. This paper aims to clarify the role of social dynamics through different social organization in economic development process. Through understanding the results of the continuous interaction between the components of the social space, the study comes to realize its importance within the development process related to the region’s socio-economic variables. When it comes to rural areas development, as regions with economic and human specificities, many social initiatives may emerge with the aim of working “collectively” to provide support for activities and allocate territories resources. By presenting three experiences of development associations, it became clear that community initiatives are necessary in rural areas in order to respond to local needs using resources from inside or outside the region. This also requires the establishment of a regional governance system to improve interaction between social and economic actors
Land is the material basis for human survival and development, the means of labor for social production, and the source of all production and existence. The utilization status of land resources can affect economic growth, which in turn changes the utilization status of land resources. The regional difference pattern of town land use efficiency is objective and unbalanced, which not only affects the industrial base of cities, but also affects the economic growth of areas with low land use efficiency. When analyzing the influence of land elements on urban economic growth, we should not only consider the promotion ability of scale expansion, but also consider whether the use of construction land is effective. Scientific technology and management methods can be used to rationally distribute the land use structure in space, and the effective use of land can be increased by improving the efficiency of land use. This article analyzes the harmonious growth relationship between town land use efficiency and economic growth, and points out that each city should find a land use mode that adapts to its own characteristics to promote local economic growth.
Industrial transfer, as a significant economic phenomenon occurring during the process of globalization, has had a profound and far-reaching impact on China's economy since the beginning of the reform and opening-up. In recent years, the substantial relocation of industries from China has caused some concerns about economic downturn. This paper explores the influencing mechanisms of industrial transfer and the development trends of China's industrial transfer. Based on the two major factors affecting the industrial transfer process—real costs for enterprises and local administrative elements—the paper proposes suggestions for how the government and enterprises can maximize economic benefits through the cross-space flow of economic factors facilitated by industrial transfer. Ultimately, industrial transfer optimizes the regional development layout, accelerates the updating and iteration of industrial technology, and achieves high-quality economic development.
The rapid development of the digital economy provides an important impetus for the high-quality development of China's manufacturing industry. Using panel data from the Yangtze River Economic Belt, this paper measures the level of development of the digital economy and the manufacturing industry, and analyses the relationship between them. It is found that although the digital economy and the manufacturing industry as a whole show a growth trend, the regional development is unbalanced. The digital economy can obviously promote the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry, but there are also negative spatial spillover effects, and the growth of the digital economy in one region may crowd out the space for the development of the manufacturing industry in neighbouring regions.
In the process of Sichuan Province's transformation from a province with large tourism resources to a province with strong tourism economy, studying and understanding the spatial differences of the development level of tourism economy in the province will help to deeply understand the role of tourism in regional economic development. In the environment of big data, geographic information big data can provide technical support for the development and protection of land and space, and rational use of this technology can also play a role in the rational allocation of land and space resources to a certain extent, so as to achieve scientific planning and accurate control of land and space. The development of tourism in Sichuan Province must start with the cultivation of talents, and constantly expand the core quality of talents, so as to help talents have a high degree of harmony in tourism development. Based on geographic information big data, optimize the spatial layout of tourism resources and tourism elements, formulate effective tourism economic regulation policies, and promote the sustainable and coordinated development of tourism in Sichuan Province.
Balancing out uneven regional development and territorial disparities is an urgent task, and its solution requires considering the geo-economic features of various parts of Russia’s spatially structured territory. This study aims to describe trends in the economic space transformation and structural changes in the economy of the North-Western Federal District. The economic space transformation is explored theoretically and methodologically, drawing on economic theory and geography, the concepts of cluster and power generation cycles, regional economics and other theories. Institutional and economic research of income capitalisation and the role of the institutional factor is carried out, along with regional gross value added (GVA) analysis by type of activity. The study also investigates the movement of capital (rent) in the economic space. There are several noticeable trends: the Arkhangelsk and Murmansk regions, the Komi and Karelia Republics have diversified their economies by developing manufacturing and mining, and the Murmansk and Pskov regions by stimulating agriculture. Regional factors generating rent at significant transaction costs are shown to be affected by institutional influences. It is concluded that structural changes in the economy of the Russian North-West regions are wavelike in nature. The index of regional GVA and industrial market development points to the existence of a transition zone between the structural phases of the wave, most of the transition taking place in 2014. The second phase of the wave was triggered, along with new structural changes, by the international sanctions and growing confrontation, which reduced capital outflow and affected further structural changes in the regional economy.
Complementary currencies have spread to many places around the world at the beginning of the 21st century. Creating sustainable economic cycles and short transport routes are often the goals of introducing them. Due to their manageability, regional currencies can be embedded in debates of regional economics and sustainability. Above all, they are suitable for democratic experiments that can show in real environments whether currency designs work as examples of collaborative communities and research. One of these monetary experiments is the climate bonus, which is linked to the local currency Chiemgauer. The research path goes into the daily routine of a real laboratory to find out which methods would be effective enough to deliver carbon savings. The climate bonus creates a monetary network where people can try out new behaviors in a protected space. As a result, three years after the initiation of the project, carbon reductions are above expectations.
This study provides new evidence on how medical care mitigates the economic consequences of health shocks for individuals and their partners. To identify causal effects, I focus on medical scientific discoveries and exploit longitudinal administrative data for Sweden, using a triple differences design. The results indicate that medical innovation strongly mitigates the negative economic consequences of health shocks for individuals and have spillover effects on their partners. These spillovers are relatively large because medical innovation compensates for partners wage losses in conditions when welfare support for caregiving is insufficient. Overall, the findings indicate that medical innovation not only produces substantial economic gains but also reduces disease-related economic inequalities.
Mental accounting refers to the psychological segregation of individuals in resources and how individuals are tracked in the use of resources. In other words, a set of cognitive measures defined by individuals and families to organize, evaluate and track financial activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship to present financial information and decision-making styles with judjment of financial users. In order to achieve this goal, a sample of 200 accountants and financial managers who were active in financial markets were randomly selected. The method of data collection is descriptive-survey. Data were collected from both library and field methods. A questionnaire was used to collect information. The reliability of the data collection tool was evaluated using combined reliability and its validity was confirmed using factor analysis techniques. To test the research hypotheses, the structural modeling-equation method has been used. The results of hypothesis testing show that in different cases of profit and loss announcement, the styles affecting the judgment and decision-making of users are different. Based on these results, it can be said that the way information is presented influences users 'judgments based on users' decision-making styles.
We propose concept of equation of state (EoS) effect structure in form of diagrams and rules. This concept helps justifying EoS status of an empirical relation. We apply the concept to closed system of consumers and we are able to formulate its EoS. According to the new concept, EoS are classified into three classes. Manifold space of thermodynamics formulation of demand-side economics is identified. Formal analogies of thermodynamics and economics consumers' system are made. New quantities such as total wealth, generalized utility and generalized consumer surplus are defined. Microeconomics' concept of consumer surplus is criticized and replaced with generalized consumer surplus. Smith's law of demand is included in our new paradigm as a specific case resembling isothermal process. Absolute zero temperature state resembles the nirvana state in Buddhism philosophy. Econometric modelling of consumers' EoS is proposed at last.