Allisson Andrea Vera-Vera, Axel Alfredo Saltos-Chávez, Nelson García-Reinoso
Se analizó la incorporación de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) en emprendimientos turísticos de los cantones Pedernales, Manta y Portoviejo, en la provincia de Manabí. El objetivo fue evaluar su nivel de implementación y proponer estrategias prácticas para su integración. Se aplicó una metodología mixta estructurada en tres fases: revisión sistemática de la literatura científica sobre ODS y turismo sostenible; aplicación de un cuestionario con escala Likert a 206 empresarios turísticos; y diseño de estrategias mediante la matriz 5W2H, herramienta que permitió estructurar acciones específicas. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software IBM SPSS Statistics v30.0. Los resultados revelaron un alto desempeño en condiciones laborales justas (6.91) e igualdad de género (6.63), frente a debilidades como alianzas estratégicas (4.60) y uso de proveedores locales (4.69). Con base en estos hallazgos, se propusieron cinco estrategias clave: alianzas institucionales, cadenas de suministro sostenibles, reducción de huella de carbono, gestión de aguas residuales y capacitación especializada en ODS.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
In 2021, Ukraine produced such an amount of food that it would have been possible to feed about 400 million people, not counting the population of Ukraine. The strategy for the development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine envisages providing food for 1 billion of the world’s population by 2030. However, the aggression of Russia on February 24, 2022, and the subsequent hostilities led to the contamination of agricultural lands with a significant amount of Explosive Remnants of War (ERW), which requires humanitarian demining. This article is devoted to the review of the humanitarian demining process from the point of view of its impact on the environment and the determination of the main components affecting the production of agricultural products. In the first period of the demining process, there will be a significant decline in the production of agricultural products. This decline will be determined by the reduction in the area of cultivated agricultural land due to the danger of explosion. In the course of the demining and liquidation of ERW, the area of land will increase, as will the volume of production, but the quality of products will decrease due to the presence of heavy metal compounds and explosive residues in it and the deterioration of the quality of the soil itself. Therefore, after the liberation of Ukraine’s territory, contaminated by mines and ERW, taking into account its importance as the world’s granary, the demining time is of great importance and Ukraine will be very grateful for any help that will reduce it.
Devyn Remme, Siddharth Sareen, Håvard Haarstad
et al.
Norway has the world-class ambition to make transport more sustainable and climate friendly. Its electric vehicle (EV) rollout is celebrated by and aspirational for other countries, manifesting the imaginary of technological solutions for sustainable mobility. This chapter undertakes a critically constructive analysis of the value chains of this rollout, tracing the production, usage and discard of EVs. Our point of departure in Norway’s EV rollout serves to map broader implications of a rapid, massive shift towards electric transport. We map relevant externalities associated with, for example, the mining of raw materials and with modes of digitalisation that run counter to circular economy principles. The requisite resources for the transition to renewably powered, electrified transportation―notably batteries―are sourced in the global South, whereas their consumption and industries that reuse and recycle valuable minerals are emerging in the global North. The uneven distribution of benefits and burdens is increasingly being criticised as green extractivism for an imperial mode of living. By paying attention to site-specific struggles over resources, our mapping demonstrates that practices of legitimation have yet to be welded with holistic accountability. By piecing together some major links along the value chains of Norway’s EV rollout, we argue for a global perspective on this transition.
Political science, Economic growth, development, planning
In this article, the effects of the “Void" of the contract as the origin of debt upon assignment contract have been analyzed in view of the Article 733 civil code. Does the assignment contract become void when a contract related to the origin of the debt becomes void, or does it remain valid and the resulting obligations must be fulfilled? Additionally, with the annulment (becoming void) of the sale contract which is the origin of the debt, to whom should be returned the price obtained by the assignee (the assignor or the third-party assignee), and the third-party assignee may indicate to the assignor or assignee to return the price he paid; and also, to whom should the customer refer for the price (the seller or assignee). Using the descriptive-analytical research method and extensive study of Islamic jurisprudence and the analysis of Article 733 of the civil code, the study concluded that the void of the contract as the origin of debt causes the void of the assignment contract, and the assignee is obligated to return all things obtained illegitimately to the third-party assignee and the third-party assignee can choose whether to refer to the assignor or assignee in returning the price. This ruling applies to not only sales contracts, but any debt that is created through civil contracts or non-contractual events and an assignment is issued, and then it turns out that there was no debt; to begin with, the above rulings will apply.
Esta investigación busca describir y explicar el carácter de la política exterior del Perú hacia China durante inicios del siglo XXI. Desde una perspectiva histórica centrada en el rol de factores internos, el análisis identifica los principales actores gubernamentales y no estatales que moldean la relación sino-peruana en tres dimensiones principales: política/diplomática, económica/comercial y militar/estratégica. Además, el artículo muestra cómo estos aspectos se interrelacionan entre sí para dar forma a la estructura y el proceso político detrás de la adaptación del Perú ante el ascenso de China. El estudio finaliza con una reflexión sobre los beneficios y las vulnerabilidades de mantener una aproximación pragmática con China. En ese sentido, el balance final reconoce que una de las virtudes del pragmatismo es la construcción de una política exterior flexible, capaz de diversificar alianzas con múltiples grandes potencias. Sin embargo, también advierte la necesidad de comprender cómo se construyen los intereses nacionales del Perú frente a China, pues la cercanía pragmática puede encubrir una actitud internacional aquiescente.
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the reasons for not adhering to political power and provide the necessary mechanisms to overcome it from Imam Ali's perspective. The research method was descriptive-analytical and the results showed that, based on the relics of Imam Ali (A.S.), the causes of the reasons for not adhering to political power can be attributed to self-esteem and forgetfulness of God's greatness and power, the notion of survival of power and neglect of its decline, and being surrounded of the ruler by sycophantic consultants and so on. In his view, the mechanisms of political power control can be categorized into both internal and external. Worship and piety, theism and faith in the Day of Judgment are among the internal factors; and the free space to speak to the ruler and to criticize him, to impose Enjoining good and forbidding wrong in community, to present the agenda and goals of the mission to the agents, to put overseers and monitors on their behaviors, to admonish and remind them of their weaknesses and dealing with offenders seriously, are of external mechanisms of controlling political power in Imam Ali's political opinions.
Whether it’s a big city or a small town, all Canadian municipalities have core issues that their elected politicians are concerned about. Regardless of size, the daily business of a municipality must be managed and policies determined about such bread-and-butter issues as garbage collection, snow removal, wastewater and sewage, fire protection, economic development and fixing potholes. However, when size increases, so do the layers of issues that engage municipal politicians. This paper examines the results of a cross-Canada survey of more than 1,000 mayors and councillors from communities ranging in population size from 5,000 to more than two million. With an increase in population size, the numbers and complexity of issues creep up as well. Tiny municipalities typically aren’t concerned with issues such as immigrant settlement, homelessness and public transit. Those issues are much more pressing for larger municipalities. A focus on some types of issues, such as public transit, grows right alongside population growth. The physical size of large municipalities means they contain a population whose needs are naturally more diverse than they are in smaller cities, towns and villages, thus shifting politicians’ concerns to such things as homelessness and climate change. However, issues such as relations with Indigenous people and climate change also tend to hold regional, not just municipal, importance. They may be extremely important to a small municipality because of its geographic location and less important in a larger municipality located elsewhere. For example, municipal politicians in British Columbia reflect regional concerns with their emphasis in the survey on the importance of tackling homelessness, affordable housing, climate change and Indigenous relations. Yet, next door in Alberta, Indigenous relations and climate change ranked in the survey as being of low importance, along with climate change, despite the presence of two cities in the province with populations hovering around the million mark. The number one issue for municipalities regardless of size is economic development, since job creation and attracting investment are key for a healthy municipality regardless of its location or size. And nearly every politician surveyed listed planning, water supply and transportation infrastructure (roads, highways and bridges) as being of deep importance to their communities. Of almost equal importance in the survey were a second slate of issues including emergency planning, parks and recreation, public health, solid waste removal and policing. The results of this survey are intended to lay the groundwork for future researchers who want to focus on specific problems in the area of urban policy-making. Those who want to study the bread-and-butter issues can do so among a wide range and size of municipalities, knowing that these issues are vital to all. Those with an interest in homelessness and immigrant populations can focus on the big cities while being assured they are not missing out on key points among smaller communities. This survey will be highly beneficial for researchers in urban policy issues as it will help them to decide where to look and exactly what to look for.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
Este artículo expone los resultados de una investigación descriptiva cuyo objetivo fue determinar la situación actual de la práctica de la producción y difusión de contenidos académicos en, por y para la red por parte del personal académico de la UNAM. Se trata del primer trabajo que aborda de manera específica la incorporación de tecnologías convergentes para el desarrollo de una cultura académica digital universitaria. Para ello se encuestó a una muestra representativa de miembros del claustro. Los resultados sugieren que los académicos emplean la red sólo para consulta y descarga de documentos, mas no para procesar datos ni divulgar los resultados de sus investigaciones, por lo que se concluye que son necesarios mayores esfuerzos por alcanzar una auténtica transformación de la cultura digital académica.
Political science (General), Social sciences (General)
This essay develops, within the terms of the recent New York Declaration, an account of the shared responsibility of states to refugees and of how the character of that responsibility effects the ways in which it can be fairly shared. However, it also moves beyond the question of the general obligations that states owe to refugees to consider ways in which refugee choices and refugee voice can be given appropriate standing with the global governance of refuge. It offers an argument for the normative significance of refugee’s reasons for choosing states of asylum and linked this to consideration of a refugee matching system and to refugee quota trading conceived as responsibility-trading, before turning to the issue of the inclusion of refugee voice in relation to the justification of the norms of refugee governance and in relation to the institutions and practices of refugee governance through which those norms are given practical expression.
The 14th general election (GE14) in Malaysia saw a democratic breakthrough as the Barisan Nasional's uninterrupted rule since independence finally came to an end. This article seeks to analyse the role and impact of the Bersih movement in GE14 by examining the political context of GE14 via three key political opportunities: the 1MDB scandal; electoral fraud and manipulation; and the re-delineation of electoral boundaries. Bersih's core campaigns, actions, and strategies in response to these political opportunities will be analysed based on information and insights generated from the author's involvement as a member of Bersih's secretariat. The political opportunity resulting from the 1MDB scandal gave room for civil society and the opposition to go on the offensive; Bersih took the lead and continued the tradition of coalition-building between civil society and opposition forces, and brought focus to cross-ethnic issues. At the same time, Bersih held firm in its agenda for electoral reform by continuing to consistently monitor and mobilise against electoral fraud and manipulation leading up to GE14. Via the re-delineation exercise, it mobilised and coordinated resistance by increasing civic participation in the constitutional process and created new areas of contestation via the judiciary. In parallel, Bersih's efforts and strategies towards these political opportunities had created conditions that contributed towards Pakatan Harapan's victory in GE14.
International relations, Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)
O presente artigo busca analisar as relações entre Brasil e Venezuela e suas recentes moficações, de modo a intencificá-las e torná-las mais eficientes.
The world population has constantly increased post-1945. This trend has been unequal, there were significant differences between both continental & regional, developed & underdeveloped spaces. The increase in the developing world has been contra-balanced by decreasing in the developed countries. Additionally, as a consequence of low level fertility, the developed countries are affected by the phenomenon of aging population. Consequently, pro-immigration policies have been implemented in western societies. Under these circumstances, the percentage of Muslim and African population in Europe has lately increased. In this context, this article discusses these regional and continental demographic differences, trying to underline political influences generated by post-WWII demographic trend. Given the background, we state that immigrants from Western countries significantly influence the electoral behaviour. Moreover, recent tensions have changed security policies in the European and North American (USA) cities. Last but not least, demographic evolutions have geopolitical impact.
Esse artigo destina-se a sinalizar as reflexões de Zygmunt Bauman sobre Ética de Moral na Pós-Modernidade e quais são os seus efeitos nas Relações Humanas Jurídicas. A presença e compreensão da Ética e Moral nas diversas profissões exercidas pelos Bacharéis em Direito, especialmente os Advogados, não pode se limitar ao saber “o que se pode” e “o que não se pode” fazer. Na medida em que se constituem relações profissionais éticas se caracteriza a Estética da Convivência. Nessa condição de resgate à “Era da Moral”, cumpre-se os objetivos da Justiça no século XXI.
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence, Political science (General)
Rodica PETREA, Dănuț PETREA, Paul Emil OLĂU
et al.
<p>The economic liberalism, globalization and more recently the economic crisis are general phenomena leading to changes of territorial management practices. Within these practices, place marketing and branding are of crucial importance in promoting an image of the city and bringing some added value to a place. Although an emerging challenging problem for local authorities, few scholars are currently addressing the subject, in terms of delivering a branding <em>modus operandi </em>for the practitioners, be they local authorities or private agencies<em>. </em>The present paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the most recent writings showing how product marketing techniques apply to place marketing, with an emphasis on city branding, presenting the manner in which the place branding process was improved in two of the most representative cities of Transylvania: Sibiu and Cluj-Napoca. The paper’s main objective is to highlight the role of territorial marketing which can become, through one of its components, namely place branding, an important trigger for the local communities development by the means of strategic planning. In this respect, the present work displays an overview of some of the most illustrative theoretical models regarding city branding, an insight on the Romanian city branding process within the two aforementioned cities and, finally, some brief recommendations regarding the place and the role of branding process for local authorities. The paper assumes that although place branding is an efficient tool for promoting a territory’s identity (already proven in several European cities), Romania is at the beginning of this process. The few significant achievements (the ones from Sibiu and Cluj-Napoca being the most notable) still cannot make the most of their urban identities and values, neither at national, nor at international level. Last but not least, this kind of papers might raise some awareness among local stakeholders on the importance of these somehow new techniques.</p>
Political institutions and public administration (General)
Historical legacies, particularly imperial tutelage and religion, have featured prominently in recent scholarship on political regime variations in post-communist settings, challenging earlier temporally proximate explanations. The overlap between tutelage, geography, and religion has complicated the uncovering of the spatially uneven effects of the various legacies. The author addresses this challenge by conducting sub-national analysis of religious influences within one imperial domain, Russia. In particular, the paper traces how European settlement in imperial Russia has had a bearing on human development in the imperial periphery. The causal mechanism that the paper proposes to account for this influence is the Western communities’ impact on literacy, which is in turn linked in the analysis to the Western Christian, particularly Protestant, roots, of settler populations. The author makes this case by constructing an original dataset based on sub-national data from the hitherto underutilised first imperial census of 1897.