Hasil untuk "Philosophy. Psychology. Religion"

Orlova Anastasia

This article examines semantic shifts in psychological concepts across scientific and popular media discourse using methods of distributional semantics applied to Russian-language corpora. Two corpora were compiled: a scientific corpus of approximately 300 research articles from the journals Psychology. Journal of the Higher School of Economics and Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology (767,543 tokens) and a popular science corpus consisting of texts from the online psychology platforms Yasno and Chistye kogntsii (1,199,150 tokens). After preprocessing (OCR recognition, lemmatization, removal of stop words and non-informative characters), the corpora were analyzed through frequency analysis, clustering, and the identification of semantic associations. The results reveal significant differences in vocabulary and conceptual framing between the two discourse types: scientific texts emphasize methodological and clinical terminology, while popular science materials foreground everyday experience and therapeutic practice. A comparison of semantic associations for key concepts such as burnout and depression shows that scientific discourse links these terms to psychological resources, symptomatology, and diagnostic constructs, whereas popular science discourse frames them through personal narratives, emotions, and everyday situations. These findings demonstrate a clear shift from precise professional terminology toward more generalized and experiential meanings in popular media discourse and confirm the effectiveness of distributional semantics methods for identifying semantic transformations of psychological concepts across different communicative contexts.

Xiangen Hu, Jiarui Tong, Sheng Xu

Training and education in human-centered fields require authentic practice, yet realistic simulations of human behavior have remained limited. We present a multi-agent psychological simulation system that models internal cognitive-affective processes to generate believable human behaviors. In contrast to black-box neural models, this system is grounded in established psychological theories (e.g., self-efficacy, mindset, social constructivism) and explicitly simulates an ``inner parliament'' of agents corresponding to key psychological factors. These agents deliberate and interact to determine the system's output behavior, enabling unprecedented transparency and alignment with human psychology. We describe the system's architecture and theoretical foundations, illustrate its use in teacher training and research, and discuss how it embodies principles of social learning, cognitive apprenticeship, deliberate practice, and meta-cognition.

Minheng Ni, Ennan Wu, Zidong Gong et al.

The widespread application of artificial intelligence (AI) in various tasks, along with frequent reports of conflicts or violations involving AI, has sparked societal concerns about interactions with AI systems. Based on Wrightsman's Philosophies of Human Nature Scale (PHNS), a scale empirically validated over decades to effectively assess individuals' attitudes toward human nature, we design the standardized psychological scale specifically targeting large language models (LLM), named the Machine-based Philosophies of Human Nature Scale (M-PHNS). By evaluating LLMs' attitudes toward human nature across six dimensions, we reveal that current LLMs exhibit a systemic lack of trust in humans, and there is a significant negative correlation between the model's intelligence level and its trust in humans. Furthermore, we propose a mental loop learning framework, which enables LLM to continuously optimize its value system during virtual interactions by constructing moral scenarios, thereby improving its attitude toward human nature. Experiments demonstrate that mental loop learning significantly enhances their trust in humans compared to persona or instruction prompts. This finding highlights the potential of human-based psychological assessments for LLM, which can not only diagnose cognitive biases but also provide a potential solution for ethical learning in artificial intelligence. We release the M-PHNS evaluation code and data at https://github.com/kodenii/M-PHNS.

Masoumeh Alavi, Anchal Garg, Niroshya Wanigatunga

Nadya Carissa Fernanda Putri, Nabila Kharimah Vedy

This study aims to examine the effects of service quality, customer perceived value, and trust on customer satisfaction, while also analyzing the meditating role of trust. Consumer shopping behavior has shifted alongside the growth of internet usage, leading to the rapid development of online food delivery (OFD) services. Online food delivery enables customers to conveniently order meals online and receive delivery directly to their address. In this highly competitive business environment, understanding the determinants of customer satisfaction is crucial. This study aims to examine service quality, customer perceived value, and trust in relation to customer satisfaction, both directly and to investigate the role of trust as a mediator. A quantitative research design was adopted and analyzed using PLS-SEM with the SmartPLS software. Data were collected through an online survey of 175 ShopeeFood users. The results reveal that service quality, customer perceived value, and trust significantly and positively influence customer satisfaction. Furthermore, trust is confirmed as a significant mediator in the relationship between service quality and customer perceived value toward customer satisfaction.

Stanko Gerjolj

Yan Li

ObjectiveTime perspective and time management disposition are critical factors influencing academic achievement. Although balanced time perspective (BTP) has been associated with adaptive functioning across various life domains, its relationship with academic performance remains underexplored. This study proposes a moderated mediation model to examine the link between BTP and academic performance.MethodsThe study included 1,076 high school students (448 boys and 628 girls), aged 15 to 19 years. Participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing BTP, time management disposition, and resilience in their classrooms. Academic performance was measured using standardized test scores routinely administered by the school. The valid data were analyzed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS.ResultsBTP positively predicted academic performance, with time management disposition mediating this relationship. The indirect effect was further moderated by resilience, demonstrating a stronger effect among students with higher resilience levels.ConclusionThese findings suggest that BTP may influence children’s academic performance and offer novel strategies for promoting academic achievement in high school settings. In addition, the findings highlight the importance of fostering psychological traits like resilience to enhance academic performance. Future studies could explore educational interventions aimed at developing BTP and resilience, thereby enhancing students’ psychological skills.

Yuqi Chen, Sixuan Li, Ying Li et al.

In this work, we develop a pipeline for historical-psychological text analysis in classical Chinese. Humans have produced texts in various languages for thousands of years; however, most of the computational literature is focused on contemporary languages and corpora. The emerging field of historical psychology relies on computational techniques to extract aspects of psychology from historical corpora using new methods developed in natural language processing (NLP). The present pipeline, called Contextualized Construct Representations (CCR), combines expert knowledge in psychometrics (i.e., psychological surveys) with text representations generated via transformer-based language models to measure psychological constructs such as traditionalism, norm strength, and collectivism in classical Chinese corpora. Considering the scarcity of available data, we propose an indirect supervised contrastive learning approach and build the first Chinese historical psychology corpus (C-HI-PSY) to fine-tune pre-trained models. We evaluate the pipeline to demonstrate its superior performance compared with other approaches. The CCR method outperforms word-embedding-based approaches across all of our tasks and exceeds prompting with GPT-4 in most tasks. Finally, we benchmark the pipeline against objective, external data to further verify its validity.

Jean Marie Tshimula, D'Jeff K. Nkashama, Jean Tshibangu Muabila et al.

The increasing sophistication of cyber threats necessitates innovative approaches to cybersecurity. In this paper, we explore the potential of psychological profiling techniques, particularly focusing on the utilization of Large Language Models (LLMs) and psycholinguistic features. We investigate the intersection of psychology and cybersecurity, discussing how LLMs can be employed to analyze textual data for identifying psychological traits of threat actors. We explore the incorporation of psycholinguistic features, such as linguistic patterns and emotional cues, into cybersecurity frameworks. Our research underscores the importance of integrating psychological perspectives into cybersecurity practices to bolster defense mechanisms against evolving threats.

Joaquim Clotet

O tema da Identidade pessoal, tratado no A Treatise of Human Nature, (T), apresenta posições desconcertantes. Em primeiro lugar, Hume afirma: -a identidade que atribuímos a mente do homem é fictícia” (T 259), e. segundo: -a impressão de nós mesmos está sempre intimamente presente” (T 317). Pode um autor que vai concentrar uma parte relevante de sua filosofia no tema da ética, pôr em dúvida ou prescindir do eu, sujeito da moralidade? A distinção no conceito de identidade, através da crítica da substância e do dinamismo funcional das percepções, parece permitir uma solução. O questionamento da identidade pessoal implica a relativização do eu moral? Hume dá por suposta uma teoria da identidade do sujeito moral. ainda que não ofereça uma exposição ordenada sobre a mesma. O eu moral humana é, por natureza, hedonista e altruísta. A vacilação humana, no momento da reflexão sobre a identidade pessoal, se transforma em firmeza quando, com parâmetros psicológicos e naturalistas, descreve a pessoa como o ser-humano-moral simpático, passional e benevolente. 

Richard Naud, André Longtin

Neuroscience and artificial intelligence are closely intertwined, but so are the physics of dynamical system, philosophy and psychology. Each of these fields try in their own way to relate observations at the level of molecules, synapses, neurons or behavior, to a function. An influential conceptual approach to this end was popularized by David Marr, which focused on the interaction between three theoretical 'levels of analysis'. With the convergence of simulation-based approaches, algorithm-oriented Neuro-AI and high-throughput data, we currently see much research organized around four levels of analysis: observations, models, algorithms and functions. Bidirectional interaction between these levels influences how we undertake interdisciplinary science.

Jai Pal

This research paper focuses on the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the currency trading landscape, positing the development of personalized AI models, essentially functioning as intelligent personal assistants tailored to the idiosyncrasies of individual traders. The paper posits that AI models are capable of identifying nuanced patterns within the trader's historical data, facilitating a more accurate and insightful assessment of psychological risk dynamics in currency trading. The PRI is a dynamic metric that experiences fluctuations in response to market conditions that foster psychological fragility among traders. By employing sophisticated techniques, a classifying decision tree is crafted, enabling clearer decision-making boundaries within the tree structure. By incorporating the user's chronological trade entries, the model becomes adept at identifying critical junctures when psychological risks are heightened. The real-time nature of the calculations enhances the model's utility as a proactive tool, offering timely alerts to traders about impending moments of psychological risks. The implications of this research extend beyond the confines of currency trading, reaching into the realms of other industries where the judicious application of personalized modeling emerges as an efficient and strategic approach. This paper positions itself at the intersection of cutting-edge technology and the intricate nuances of human psychology, offering a transformative paradigm for decision making support in dynamic and high-pressure environments.

Eleanor March, William J. Wolf, James Read

We show that the dynamical common core of the recently-discovered non-relativistic geometric trinity of gravity is Maxwell gravitation. Moreover, we explain why no analogous distinct dynamical common core exists in the case of the better-known relativistic geometric trinity of gravity.

G. Shkliarevsky

: The field of consciousness studies has been an area of active research for well over a century. Perhaps more than any other field, it has proven to be a magnet for numerous disciplines: from philosophy and religion to neuroscience and psychology, to social sciences and more. Even quantum physics has claimed to offer important insights that explain the mystery of subjective experience. Today, consciousness studies are a thriving area of research with numerous theoretical perspectives to its credit. Yet the “hard problem” of subjective experience remains unsolved. There is still no general theory of consciousness that would synthesize the extensive aggregation of theoretical perspectives and empirical facts. The article offers an explanation for this obvious anomaly. It argues that the failure of one of the most active fields of inquiry is a result of the dominance of the anthropocentric tendency in consciousness studies. The article starts by offering a critical overview of the prevalent theoretical approaches in the field. It tries to show the pervasive influence of anthropocentrism. The article also outlines a new perspective that escapes this insidious influence. The focus of the new perspective is not on specific functions and aspects of consciousness, as in all currently dominant approaches, but on the process that has been involved in their formulation. The focus offers a possibility to view consciousness from the perspective that does not rely on mental constructs created by humans. The perspective also offers a critically informed point of observation that does not depend on human choices. process of creation.

Chris Mitsch, Marian Gilton, David Freeborn

Haag's theorem cries out for explanation and critical assessment: it sounds the alarm that something is (perhaps) not right in one of the standard way of constructing interacting fields to be used in generating predictions for scattering experiments. Viewpoints as to the precise nature of the problem, the appropriate solution, and subsequently-called-for developments in areas of physics, mathematics, and philosophy differ widely. In this paper, we develop and deploy a conceptual framework for critically assessing these disparate responses to Haag's theorem. Doing so reveals the driving force of more general questions as to the nature and purpose of foundational work in physics.

Boris Knorre, Tobias Koellner

This article is the introduction to an interdisciplinary Special Issue and serves two purposes [...]

G. Haugan, J. Dezutter

Based on evidence and theory, we state that facilitating and supporting people’s meaning-making processes are health promoting. Hence, meaning-in-life is a salutogenic concept.Authors from various disciplines such as nursing, medicine, psychology, philosophy, religion, and arts argue that the human search for meaning is a primary force in life and one of the most fundamental challenges an individual faces. Research demonstrates that meaning is of great importance for mental as well as physical well-being and crucial for health and quality of life. Studies have shown significant correlations between meaning-in-life and physical health measured by lower mortality for all causes of death; meaning is correlated with less cardiovascular disease, less hypertension, better immune function, less depression, and better coping and recovery from illness. Studies have shown that cancer patients who experience a high degree of meaning have a greater ability to tolerate bodily ailments than those who do not find meaning-in-life. Those who, despite pain and fatigue, experience meaning report better quality-of-life than those with low meaning. Hence, if the individual finds meaning despite illness, ailments, and imminent death, well-being, health, and quality-of-life will increase in the current situation. However, when affected by illness and reduced functionality, finding meaning-in-life might prove more difficult. A will to search for meaning is required, as well as health professionals who help patients and their families not only to cope with illness and suffering but also to find meaning amid these experiences. Accordingly, meaning-in-life is considered a vital salutogenic resource and concept.The psychiatrist Viktor Emil Frankl’s theory of “Will to Meaning” forms the basis for modern health science research on meaning; Frankl’s premise was that man has enough to live by, but too little to live for. According to Frankl, logotherapy ventures into the spiritual dimension of human life. The Greek word “logos” means not only meaning but also spirit. However, Frankl highlighted that in a logotherapeutic context, spirituality is not primarily about religiosity—although religiosity can be a part of it—but refers to a specific human dimension that makes us human. Frankl based his theory on three concepts: meaning, freedom to choose and suffering, stating that the latter has no point. People should not look for an inherent meaning in the negative events happening to them, or in their suffering, because the meaning is not there. The meaning is in the attitude people choose while suffering from illness, crises, etc.

Born out of the view that social phenomena are best studied through the lens of different disciplinary perspectives, this book brings together leading scholars in the fields of sociology, developmental psychology, gerontology, political science, history, philosophy, and theology to study the growing number of individuals who no longer affiliate with a religion tradition. The scholars not only explore this phenomenon from their respective academic disciplines, but they also turn to one another’s work to understand better the multifaceted nature of non-affiliation today. The data gathered shows that it is best not to use the common term nones to describe non-affiliates, because many of them still believe, though they may not belong. The scholars explore the complex impact that non-affiliation has on individuals and the wider society and what the future looks like for religion in America. Later in the book, there are insightful perspectives from professionals in the field who address how we might address non-affiliation, particularly among young adults. In general, this book provides a rich and thoughtful analysis of non-affiliation in American society from multiple scholarly perspectives. The increasing upward trend in non-affiliation threatens the vitality and long-term stability of religious institutions. Both the opening and closing pages of the book remind the reader that at the heart of religious affiliation is commitment and community, which may be the essence of maintaining these religious institutions.

Quentin Rodriguez

The "universality" of critical phenomena is much discussed in philosophy of scientific explanation, idealizations and philosophy of physics. Lange and Reutlinger recently opposed Batterman concerning the role of some deliberate distortions in unifying a large class of phenomena, regardless of microscopic constitution. They argue for an essential explanatory role for "commonalities" rather than that of idealizations. Building on Batterman's insight, this article aims to show that assessing the differences between the universality of critical phenomena and two paradigmatic cases of "commonality strategy" - the ideal gas model and the harmonic oscillator model-is necessary to avoid the objections raised by Lange and Reutlinger. Taking these universal explanations as benchmarks for critical phenomena reveals the importance of the different roles played by analogies underlying the use of the models. A special combination of physical and formal analogies allows one to explain the epistemic autonomy of the universality of critical phenomena through an explicative loop.