Hasil untuk "Pathology"

C. Duyckaerts, B. Delatour, M. Potier

J. Taubenberger, D. Morens

F. Pontén, K. Jirström, M. Uhlén

J. Cook, C. Purdam

R. Virmani, A. Burke, A. Farb et al.

M. Arends, A. Wyllie

B. Hyman, G. V. Hoesen, A. Damasio et al.

B. Bastian

Z. Ahmed, Jane Cooper, T. Murray et al.

Intracellular inclusions composed of hyperphosphorylated filamentous tau are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, Pick’s disease and other sporadic neurodegenerative tauopathies. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that tau aggregates do not only seed further tau aggregation within neurons, but can also spread to neighbouring cells and functionally connected brain regions. This process is referred to as ‘tau propagation’ and may explain the stereotypic progression of tau pathology in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease patients. Here, we describe a novel in vivo model of tau propagation using human P301S tau transgenic mice infused unilaterally with brain extract containing tau aggregates. Infusion-related neurofibrillary tangle pathology was first observed 2 weeks post-infusion and increased in a stereotypic, time-dependent manner. Contralateral and anterior/posterior spread of tau pathology was also evident in nuclei with strong synaptic connections (efferent and afferent) to the site of infusion, indicating that spread was dependent on synaptic connectivity rather than spatial proximity. This notion was further supported by infusion-related tau pathology in white matter tracts that interconnect these regions. The rapid and robust propagation of tau pathology in this model will be valuable for both basic research and the drug discovery process.

Xue Luo, Xingxing Bie, Na Luo et al.

Primary hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PHNENs) are a rare type of neuroendocrine tumors originating in the liver. These tumors are characterized by non-specific clinical symptoms and atypical imaging features, making differentiation from other primary hepatic masses, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and parasitic lesions, challenging. The diagnosis of PHNENs is based on characteristic histological features associated with this condition and results from immunohistochemistry assays. Here, we report on a case of a 22-year-old female presenting with a large hepatic neoplastic lesion. Computed tomography (CT) imaging results revealed a highly vascularized mass with clear boundaries located in the right lobe of the liver, suggesting a diagnosis of HCC. The patient underwent a fine-needle aspiration biopsy and subsequent complete surgical resection of the tumor. Results from both the fine-needle aspiration and histology of the surgically resected specimen showed that the tumor cells were arranged in a solid structure with a trabecular pattern. The tumor cells exhibited positive expressions for the epithelial cell markers AE1/AE3, along with the neuroendocrine markers, synaptophysin (Syn), chromogranin (CgA), and CD56 as based on results from immunohistochemical staining. The Ki-67 proliferation index was > 20%, and the mitotic count was > 20 per 2 square millimeters, leading to a final diagnosis of a hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, Grade 3 (G3). PHNENs are extremely rare, and, to our knowledge, there have been no reports in the literature of adolescents or young adults diagnosed with the G3-type.

Jiaoyun Zheng, Jian Gong

Due to the difficulty in early diagnosis and the lack of treatment for advanced disease, the mortality rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is high, and the 5-year overall survival rate is low at present. SLC1A4 is a neutral amino acid transporter, but its regulatory role and mechanism in HCC are still unclear. Through analyzing the TCGA database and clinical tissue specimens, this study uncovered the high expression of SLC1A4 in tumor tissues of HCC. Worse more, a high level of SLC1A4 may lead to a poor prognosis of HCC. Mechanically, silencing SLC1A4 inhibited the phosphorylation activation of AKT by suppressing the ubiquitin modification of AKT at lysine 63 and amino acid influx represented by D-serine, decreasing the protein level of β-catenin in the cell nucleus and suppressing the transcriptional activity of c-Myc and EpCAM promoters. As a result, silencing SLC1A4 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and stemness of hepatic cancer cells, which was successfully reversed by the introduction of exogenous AKT. Moreover, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and metastasis potential in vivo of hepatic cancer cells was suppressed by the downregulated SLC1A4 level. In conclusion, SLC1A4 promotes the malignant transformation of HCC through activating signal transduction mediated by AKT. The findings in this study suggested that SLC1A4 may be a diagnostic indicator for the early HCC and a therapeutic target for the advanced HCC.

Bruce Henderson

In response to James Anglin’s challenge in this journal’s previous issue, to take an old book off the shelf and reread it, I immediately thought of Virginia Axline’s Dibs: In Search of Self. When I became an undergraduate psychology major over 50 years ago and wanted to begin to work under my mentor, Jerry Levin, it was prerequisite reading. Jerry knew Axline from Teachers College at Columbia University. As a practicing clinical psychologist and academic, Jerry was not particularly wedded to the specifics of Axline’s ‘play therapy’ method, but he thought Axline’s approach to interacting with children provided an ideal model for his students. I think he was right.

Assia Hijazi, Jérôme Galon

In clinical practice, the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) following tumor surgical resection raises a critical dilemma for stage II colon cancer (CC) patients. The prognostic features used to identify high-risk CC patients rely on the pathological assessment of tumor cells. Currently, these factors are considered for stratifying patients who may benefit from ACT at early CC stages. However, the extent to which these factors predict clinical outcomes (i.e. recurrence, survival) remains highly controversial, also uncertainty persists regarding patients’ response to treatment, necessitating further investigation. Therefore, an imperious need is to explore novel biomarkers that can reliably stratify patients at risk, to optimize adjuvant treatment decisions. Recently, we evaluated the prognostic and predictive value of Immunoscore (IS), an immune digital-pathology assay, in stage II CC patients. IS emerged as the sole significant parameter for predicting disease-free survival (DFS) in high-risk patients. Moreover, IS effectively stratified patients who would benefit most from ACT based on their risk of recurrence, thus predicting their outcomes. Notably, our findings revealed that digital IS outperformed the visual quantitative assessment of the immune response conducted by expert pathologists. The latest edition of the WHO classification for digestive tumor has introduced the evaluation of the immune response, as assessed by IS, as desirable and essential diagnostic criterion. This supports the revision of current cancer guidelines and strongly recommends the implementation of IS into clinical practice as a patient stratification tool, to guide CC treatment decisions. This approach may provide appropriate personalized therapeutic decisions that could critically impact early-stage CC patient care.

Xiaoyue Zhang, Yongkang Qiu, Jixin Zhang et al.

BackgroundLow-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare type of soft tissue sarcoma that often involves the deep soft tissue of the extremities and trunk in young and middle-aged adults. It is uncommon in the elderly. Here we discuss a case of LGFMS in an elderly patient who had recurrence and metastasis within 2 years of resection of the primary tumor.Case reportA 71-year-old LGFMS patient was presented with a mass in the left forearm accompanied by pain and numbness from the left upper arm to fingers. The patient subsequently underwent 3 surgical resections, although she had 3 recurrences within 6 months after the initial diagnosis. Considering the malignant biological behavior of the tumor, an amputation at 5 cm above the elbow was eventually performed. However, recurrence in the extremity of the stump and chest wall metastasis were observed 2 years after amputation. Then resection of the metastases, radiotherapy and particle implantation therapy were performed. The patient is currently undergoing follow-up and has no evidence of recurrence.ConclusionIn our case, multiple early postoperative recurrences may be associated with a positive margin at initial operation. The patient underwent a total of 5 operations including local resection of the primary tumor, twice wide resections, amputation and metastatic surgery with 4 early postoperative recurrences and metastases within 4 years, suggesting that LGFMS may have highly invasive biological behavior. Our case demonstrated that early aggressive surgical treatment is recommended for LGFMS patients with a positive margin at initial operation and patients who had recurrence even after wide resection rather than local resection. Further research is needed to develop more effective treatment options for rapidly progress and highly aggressive LGFMS.

Kevin F Bieniek, O. Ross, Kerry A. Cormier et al.

J. R. Stone, P. Bruneval, A. Angelini et al.

Inflammatory diseases of the aorta include routine atherosclerosis, aortitis, periaortitis, and atherosclerosis with excessive inflammatory responses, such as inflammatory atherosclerotic aneurysms. The nomenclature and histologic features of these disorders are reviewed and discussed. In addition, diagnostic criteria are provided to distinguish between these disorders in surgical pathology specimens. An initial classification scheme is provided for aortitis and periaortitis based on the pattern of the inflammatory infiltrate: granulomatous/giant cell pattern, lymphoplasmacytic pattern, mixed inflammatory pattern, and the suppurative pattern. These inflammatory patterns are discussed in relation to specific systemic diseases including giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's), rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, ankylosing spondylitis, Cogan syndrome, Behçet's disease, relapsing polychondritis, syphilitic aortitis, and bacterial and fungal infections.

R. Martines, Dianna L. Ng, P. Greer et al.

Yu Jiang Master of Engineering, Kang Wang Master of Medicine, Yu-Ran Wang Master of Engineering et al.

Microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma is an important factor affecting tumor recurrence after liver resection and liver transplantation. There are many ways to classify microvascular invasion, however, an international consensus is urgently needed. Recently, artificial intelligence has emerged as an important tool for improving the clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Many studies about microvascular invasion currently focus on preoperative and prognosis prediction of microvascular invasion using artificial intelligence. In this paper, we review the definition and staging of microvascular invasion, especially the diagnosis of it by using artificial intelligence. In preoperative prediction, deep learning based on multimodal data modeling of radiomics-screened features, clinical features, and medical images is currently the most effective means. In prognostic prediction, pathology is the gold standard, and the techniques used should more effectively utilize the global features of the pathology images.

Pastor Escárcega-Fujigaki, Guillermo Hernandez-Peredo-Rezk, Hayde Velez-Blanco et al.

Introduction: Choledochal cyst is a congenital anomaly of the bile duct without associated pathology as compared to esophageal atresia, whose pathology is usually part of the VACTERL association list (vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac defects, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal anomalies, and limb abnormalities). In addition to these core component features, patients may also have other congenital anomalies. Case presentation: A single case of the association of type 1 choledochal cyst (Todani), type III esophageal atresia (Ladd-Gross), evanescent testicle, and clinodactyly of both little fingers, is reported for the first time. A cytogenetic study reports an apparently normal male with a 46 XY karyotype, GTG bands, 400–550 band resolution, and extended exome sequencing without alterations. Esophageal plasty, hepatic-duodenal bypass in early childhood, and resection of the evanescent testicle with fixation of the contralateral testicle were performed at one year of age. We observed a satisfactory evolution after four years and four months of follow-up. Conclusion: In this report, we present this novel case of the association of type 1 choledochal cyst (Todani), type III esophageal atresia (Ladd-Gross), evanescent testicle, and clinodactyly of both little fingers, which has not been previously reported in the literature.