Hasil untuk "Paints, pigments, varnishes, etc."

رضا علیزاده, فهیمه طهماسبی

هدف از این پژوهش بررسی جداسازی ماده رنگزا، با استفاده از ترکیب نانو ساختار آلی فلزی آنزیم دار حاصل از فرایند لایه نشانی آنزیمی بر روی ترکیب آلی فلزی است. به این منظور 15 آزمایش با روش پاسخ سطحی و با استفاده از طراحی بصورت مرکب مرکزی توسط نرم افزار Expert 7.0.0 Trial طراحی و سه عامل زمان, میزان جاذب و غلظت محلول در سه سطح (1+ ،0 ،1-) انتخاب شد. در هر آزمایش میزان مشخصی از جاذب در محلول دارای رنگ سبز 6 کاتیونی قرار داده شد و میزان حذف رنگ اندازه‌گیری شد. نانوجاذب عامل‌دار‌زیستی دارای تخلخل 30 انگستروم و سطح ویژه2500 گرم/ مترمربع می باشد. خصوصیات فیزیکی نانوذرات آنزیمی تهیه شده با روش‌های دستگاهی بررسی شد. شرایط آزمایش‌ها شامل زمان تماس (60-5 دقیقه)، میزان جاذب (5-1 ‌‌گرم بر لیتر)، غلظت ماده رنگزا سبز (تا 1000 گرم بر لیتر) و pH مختلف بوده است. تصویر میکروسکوپ الکترونی، نانو ساختار بودن جاذب را تأیید نمود. مقدارهای بهینه طراحی آزمایش برای حذف ماده رنگزا، برای نانوجاذب آنزیمی پنج میلی‌‌گرم بر لیتر و زمان تماس 45 دقیقه تعیین شد.

مژگان حسین نژاد, شهره روحانی, حمید قاسمی

دو چالش مهم در جهان امروز، آلودگی محیط‌زیست و تولید انرژی است. با توجه به افزایش جمعیت، تولید بسیاری از ترکیبات شیمیایی مصرفی از جمله مواد رنگزا رو به افزایش بوده و تهیه آن‌‌ها با استفاده از روش‌‌های نوین فراصوت و مایکروویو به عنوان فرایندهای ساده و دوست‌دار محیط‌زیست مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. گروه‌های مهمی از مواد رنگزای آلی که فرایند تهیه آن‌‌ها توسط روش‌‌های فراصوت و یا مایکروویو توسعه‌یافته، عبارتند از: مواد رنگزای فلورسنت سولفورودامین برای برچسب‌‌گذاری پروتئین‌‌ها، کومارین‌‌ها، مواد رنگزای فلورسین، ترکیبات نورتاب در ناحیه قرمز و نزدیک قرمز، مواد رنگزای بوردی‌‌پیرومتین و ترکیبات حاوی استخلاف‌‌های متاکریلول. در این مقاله، ابتدا روش‌‌های فراصوت و مایکروویو و اصول کلی آنها تشریح شده است و در ادامه آخرین دستاوردهای علمی منتشر شده بر روی سنتز مواد رنگزای آلی با استفاده از روش‌‌های فراصوت یا مایکروویو مورد مطالعه و بررسی قرار می‌‌گیرد. در انتها این دو روش با روش مرسوم سنتز مواد رنگزای آلی مقایسه و مزایا و معایب آن بررسی می‌‌گردد.

Teodora Raicu, Fabiana Zollo, Laura Falchi et al.

In Heritage Science, sampling is frequently performed for the subsequent diagnostics of modern and contemporary paintings using invasive analytical techniques. However, it endangers the integrity of artworks, and thus, it should be carefully planned and carried out only as a last resort by specialists. Pigment mixtures have commonly been employed by modern and contemporary artists due to the ease of combining paints on the color palette. Hence, a painting might include both primary/secondary paints and mixtures of those. Therefore, obtaining a sample from a mixture might be sufficient for the identification of the individual primary-colored paints. This study focused on the creation of a user-friendly computational workflow for the analysis of images of paintings for the identification of mixtures using cluster analysis (K-means and Fuzzy C-means clustering). Sixteen modern and contemporary paintings that belong to the International Gallery of Modern Art Ca’ Pesaro in Venice have been selected: seven of them by Guido Cadorin (1892–1976), six by Andreina Rosa (1924–2019), and three by Boris Brollo (b. 1944), and the artworks of the latter being examined for the first time in this study (using Raman and ER–FTIR spectroscopies). It was found that mixtures can be identified in unvarnished paintings that consist of both non-overlapping and vibrant-colored paint layers, like those of Boris Brollo, and overlapping paint layers, like those of Andreina Rosa. Moreover, K-means clustering performs better in the case of non-overlapping colors, whereas Fuzzy C-means in the case of overlapping colors. In contrast, paintings that have been rendered with dark colors and that present a varnish layer, like those of Guido Cadorin, cannot be preliminary investigated in the proposed manner.

طاها قیم حسن‌خانی, مهرناز قراگوزلو, سعید رضا الله کرم

فعالیت شیمیایی بالای آلیاژهای منیزیم با وجود اینکه به این دسته از فلزات خواص زیست‌تخریب‌پذیر بخشیده و همچنین جایگاه مهمی به‌عنوان آند فدا شونده در مباحث حفاظتی به آنها عطا کرده است اما  سبب شده که از لحاظ مقاومت خوردگی و سایشی نقاط ضعف مهمی داشته باشند و استفاده از آنها در صنعت محدود شود. اما این نقاط ضعف مذکور بیشتر با سطح ماده برهمکنش دارد و با استفاده از اصلاح سطح مناسب می‌توان بر آن فایق آمد. اکسید‌شدن پلاسمای الکتروشیمیایی (PEO) یک روش محبوب برای اصلاح سطح آلیاژهای منیزیم است که یک لایه رویین سرامیکی بر سطح آلیاژ ایجاد می‌کند که همین لایه سرامیکی هم بی نقص نیست. وجود یک ساختار متخلخل در این لایه نقطه ضعف مهم آن است، چرا که مسیر مناسبی برای نفوذ عوامل خورنده به سطح عریان زیرلایه می‌باشد. یکی از مسائل جذاب برای محققان مقابله با این تخلخل به کمک استفاده از افزودنی‌های سرامیکی مناسب در الکترولیت، حین انجام فرآیند می‌باشد. نانوذرات اکسید روی گزینه مناسبی برای این امر می‌باشد. این نانوذرات چند عملکردی  هستند که در این مقاله تاثیرات آن‌ها بر خواص خوردگی و همچنین خواص ضدباکتری مورد بررسی قرار می‌گیرد.

Halina Olijnyk

The work presents the results of research related to the use of paint and varnish products of the “BESKERS” brand in a modern interior. The technological characteristics of the products were studied. Specific features of product application are determined. Today, paint and varnish products of the “BECKERS” brand are a leading trade and retail network that offers high-quality imported varnishes, paints and other paint and varnish materials. Turning to the “BECKERS” brand, you can get high-quality products, which today are presented in a fairly wide range. These are varnishes, paints, antiseptics, primers, putties for finishing all types of internal and external surfaces. The full range of products includes varnishes, paints and other paint and varnish materials of more than four thousand items. The offered varnishes and paints satisfy the most demanding taste. You can not only choose suitable varnishes or paints, but also get technical assistance on how to correctly apply and combine varnishes, paints and other paint and varnish materials. The “BECKERS” trademark has a comprehensive approach to the formation of an assortment policy. Therefore, the trade network offers not only varnishes and paints, but also related materials, such as painting tool ANZA (Anza, Sweden), abrasive materials KA.ER (KA.EF, Germany), personal protective equipment MSA-Auer (МСА-Auer, USA). With the help of “BECKERS” paint and varnish products, you can professionally paint a wooden house and give it an aesthetic appeal and protect it from various external adverse environmental factors. The “BECKERS” brand offers the most modern varnishes, paints and other paint and varnish materials and technologies in the most optimal ratio of price and quality and maximally meet modern demands and key trends in woodworking. The use of “Beckers” brand products in a modern interior requires compliance with a special material application technology, use of special equipment, etc. Those who want to keep up with the times should pay attention to the most modern European materials for furnishing interiors. An example of such an application is the products of the “Beckers” trademark. It does not contain toxic impurities and can be used for processing almost any premises. VAGTLAZUR decorative paint creates a unique visual sensation of velvet fabric. The paint has pastel-sand halftones and is produced in a wide variety of colors and shades. VAGTLAZUR provides impeccable reliability, high impact and scratch resistance, adds uniqueness, refinement and elegance to the interior.

J. Iejavs, Oskars Ruļuks, L. Laiveniece et al.

Abstract In the market of the Latvia different wood surface coating materials suitable for use in outdoor conditions are offered, but available information on the efficiency of these against direct water exposure is insufficient. For structural timber building elements, such as glued laminated timber (GLT), the surface coating should be applied taking into account technological, visual or colour changes (ISO 7724:1984) and – last, but not least – economic aspects are considered. Wood surfaces coated with coating materials, such as varnishes, paints, etc. can stabilize some properties such as movement of moisture content, dimensional changes and attack by microorganisms and fungi. The changes in the moisture content of timber may influence such important parameters as mechanical properties and the total life time of the structural timber elements. A study has been conducted with the aim of assessing the efficiency of coating materials used for wood protection against water absorption. In this study, six different commercial coating products used for the treatment of spruce (Picea Abies L. Karst.) and pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.) samples were tested. The efficiency of different coating substances was assessed using two modified test methods according to the standards EN 382-2 (1994) and EN 927-5 (2006), determining the surface water absorption after immersion in water for 24 h and the dynamics of water absorption of the glued laminated timber for 696 h kept in water. As a result of the study, it has been ascertained that organic solvent-based commercial coating products are more efficient against short-term and long-term wood water absorption compared to oil-based coating materials.

S. Aziz

1,4-Dioxane is used in numerous industries e.g. chemicals, pharmaceuticals, detergents, cosmetics, dyes, varnishes, paints, etc. Dioxane occurs frequently in industrial effluents, thus contaminating water bodies and the crops or fields irrigated with 1,4-dioxane contaminated water; and in routinely used synthetic products. It is known causative agent of tumors, cancer and adenomas in animals e.g. rats, mice, guinea pig. For this 45-day study, 52 rabbits were taken and divided in 4 groups: A (control), B (1000mg per kg), C (1500mg per kg), and D (2000mg per kg). Impacts of dioxane on morphology and histopathology of heart, cardiac, smooth and skeletal muscles were studied on day 1, 15, 30 and 45. Lesions were observed around mouth and nose of treated animals. Tumor formation was detected in heart. Histopathological changes include disruption of tissue structure, necrosis, infiltration, invagination of outer tissue boundary and damaged cell structure. Current study provides clear evidence of toxicity and carcinogenicity of dioxane in rabbits.

Е. С. Натарова, Ю. М. Нечёсова

The introduction of fillers into various materials improves its technological, physical and mechanical properties, and leads to a decrease in cost. The main areas of application of natural and synthetic calcium carbonate as highly dispersed fillers are: the construction industry, the production of Portland cement, mineral fertilizers, glass, paper, polymer composite materials, paints and varnishes, and rubbers. A promising direction at present is the use of production by-products as fillers, for example, conversion calcium carbonate - a waste product from the production of a complex mineral fertilizer - nitroammophoska. However, its use in the above areas is limited by the content of water-soluble nitrogen-containing impurities, impurities of heavy metals, strontium carbonate, phosphates, etc. The analysis of scientific, technical and patent literature on methods of purification of conversion calcium carbonate has been carried out. These methods are based on the extraction of impurities from the initial product of calcium carbonate production - a melt of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate by precipitation with various reagents, followed by the isolation of an insoluble precipitate (impurities) and processing of the purified melt into calcium carbonate and nitroammofoska. A method is proposed for the extraction of acid-tonic-soluble iron-containing impurities from the initial calcium nitrate melt in order to obtain a cleaner by-product - conversion calcium carbonate, which will expand the scope of its application. An effective method is to dilute the initial calcium nitrate melt with a 60% solution of ammonium nitrate to a calcium content of 12-13%, followed by the isolation of an acid-insoluble precipitate in a vacuum filter, conversion of the purified calcium nitrate solution with ammonium carbonate and separation of the resulting suspension in a drum filter. The described method can reduce the amount of iron-containing impurities by more than 50%.

Sagar Vinod Somatkar, Mayur Gopinath Thalkar, P. D. Thorhate et al.

M. Chuiko, O. Krynytskyi, L. Vytvytska

The course of many technological processes, where various liquids are used, depends on the wetting properties of the latter, ie on the liquids spread intensity on the solids surfaces. The problem of the spreading degree measuring appears in instrument making, mechanical engineering (in conducting capillary control of surface defects), light industry (in controlling the quality of paints, varnishes, inks, etc.), chemical industry (in the manufacture of herbicides), medicine (in creating artificial devices blood circulation), to intensify oil and gas production, etc.

S. S. G. P. H. Ghante, U. A. A. V. S. Mete, S. Deshmukh

It is a unique crop with high nutritional value, providing 40 per cent protein and 20 per cent edible oil besides minerals and vitamins. Soybean oil is used as a raw material in manufacturing antibiotics, paints, varnishes, lubricants etc. Soybean meal is used as protein supplement in human diet, cattle and poultry feeds (Alexander, 1974) [1] . Soybean crop can be attacked by more than 100 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 02 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Anirban Sil, Debjani Das Ghosh, Mainak Barman et al.

Polychlorinated Biphenyls or PCBs belong to a broad family of chlorinated hydrocarbons and find use across industrial and commercial applications including hydraulic and electrical equipments, plastics, paints, rubber products, dyes, pigments and carbonless copy paper etc. PCB residues persist in the ecosystem and bioaccumulate in food chain due to their persistent nature and resistance against natural breakdown agents. Global case studies suggest widespread contamination of the toxicant. So it becomes the need of an hour to remove polychlorinated biphenyls entirely from the environment. Stepwise, physical, chemical and ecological remediation strategies have been applied but some lacuna in efficient mitigation was felt by various researchers in each of the methods. Therefore, combination of multiple technologies have been suggested. The current review provides the detailed descriptions on the different physical and chemical methods used for removal of PCBs including incineration, natural attenuation, supercritical water oxidation, ultrasonic radiation, bimetallic systems, nZVI, etc as well as the combination of multi techniques that have been used till date e.g. nZVI with metal combo and bimetallic metal combination etc. It also depicts the future prospects and acceptability of these methods for removal of the polychlorinated biphenyls from the ecosystem to help us achieve a green sustainable world.

Jörg Sander

This chapter deals with the use of paints within the industrial and domestic sectors as described by the source activity titles. Traditionally the term paint has often been used to describe pigmented coating materials only, thus excluding clear coatings such as lacquers and varnishes. However here the term paint is taken to include all materials applied as a continuous layer to a surface with the exception of glues and adhesives which are covered under SNAP 060405 (Application of glues and adhesives). Inks, which are coatings applied in a non continuous manner to a surface in order to form an image, are excluded by the definition given above.

A. Anjum, K. Tabassum, A. Siddiqui