Hasil untuk "Musical instruction and study"

Marion Baranes, Romain Hennequin, Elena V. Epure

Although annotated music descriptor datasets for user queries are increasingly common, few consider the user's intent behind these descriptors, which is essential for effectively meeting their needs. We introduce MusicRecoIntent, a manually annotated corpus of 2,291 Reddit music requests, labeling musical descriptors across seven categories with positive, negative, or referential preference-bearing roles. We then investigate how reliably large language models (LLMs) can extract these music descriptors, finding that they do capture explicit descriptors but struggle with context-dependent ones. This work can further serve as a benchmark for fine-grained modeling of user intent and for gaining insights into improving LLM-based music understanding systems.

John Shaw

Suhwan Choi, Kyu Won Kim, Myungjoo Kang

We introduce Multimodal Matching based on Valence and Arousal (MMVA), a tri-modal encoder framework designed to capture emotional content across images, music, and musical captions. To support this framework, we expand the Image-Music-Emotion-Matching-Net (IMEMNet) dataset, creating IMEMNet-C which includes 24,756 images and 25,944 music clips with corresponding musical captions. We employ multimodal matching scores based on the continuous valence (emotional positivity) and arousal (emotional intensity) values. This continuous matching score allows for random sampling of image-music pairs during training by computing similarity scores from the valence-arousal values across different modalities. Consequently, the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance in valence-arousal prediction tasks. Furthermore, the framework demonstrates its efficacy in various zeroshot tasks, highlighting the potential of valence and arousal predictions in downstream applications.

Aju Ani Justus

This paper presents an approach that combines Human-In-The-Loop Reinforcement Learning (HITL RL) with principles derived from music theory to facilitate real-time generation of musical compositions. HITL RL, previously employed in diverse applications such as modelling humanoid robot mechanics and enhancing language models, harnesses human feedback to refine the training process. In this study, we develop a HILT RL framework that can leverage the constraints and principles in music theory. In particular, we propose an episodic tabular Q-learning algorithm with an epsilon-greedy exploration policy. The system generates musical tracks (compositions), continuously enhancing its quality through iterative human-in-the-loop feedback. The reward function for this process is the subjective musical taste of the user.

Zoila Elena Vega Salvatierra

Filarmónicos y Patriotas es un libro que refleja la extraordinaria dedicación de su autor al prolijo trabajo de archivo, la comparación de fuentes, pero, sobre todo, al análisis crítico de las mismas y su capacidad para construir argumentaciones sólidas y elegantes que sustentan puntos de vista muy originales. Se trata de una extensa labor no solo de recopilación, si no de triangulación de fuentes, de ponderación de hechos y sobre todo de construcción de un relato coherente y sostenido a partir de fragmentos que hábilmente organizados nos permiten una plena comprensión del discurso histórico musical.

Maria Timoshenko-Nilsson, Erkki Huovinen, Marcus Nyström

In research on music conducting, there is a lack of studies concerning conductors’ score-reading. The present investigation explored the reading strategies of four Swedish choral conductors. Two interconnected studies addressed the conductors’ explicit conceptions about score reading and their silent-reading strategies in actual reading situations. All conductors emphasized overviewing and script-like cognitive strategies, read relatively linearly, and tended to combine holistic descriptions with quicker scanning. However, verbal reports also revealed individual cognitive orientations that appeared to influence the conductors’ eye movements. These findings contribute to the understanding of the contrast between shared models of professional practice and individual reading styles.

Ari Sumarsono Blothong, Sukotjo Sukotjo

Musik etnis kaya akan tradisi yang diwariskan dari generasi ke generasi. Namun, di era modern, musik ini mengalami perkembangan yang signifikan berkat berbagai inovasi. Inovasi dan tradisi adalah dua aspek yang sering berinteraksi dan saling melengkapi dalam seni dan karya kreatif. Dalam banyak situasi, inovasi berperan sebagai penyegaran dan pengembangan dari tradisi yang ada, sementara tradisi menyediakan dasar yang kuat dan kaya bagi inovasi tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang memungkinkan peneliti untuk menyelami makna dan pengalaman subjektif dalam konteks musik etnis, sehingga sangat sesuai untuk memahami interaksi antara inovasi dan tradisi dalam karya kreatif. Selain itu, pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, studi kasus, observasi partisipatif, analisis data, dan validasi data. Tulisan ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana perpaduan elemen tradisional dalam musik etnis dengan pendekatan modern menghasilkan karya-karya kreatif yang tidak hanya mempertahankan identitas budaya, tetapi juga relevan bagi audiens saat ini. Dengan memanfaatkan teknologi, teknik komposisi kontemporer, dan kolaborasi lintas budaya, musik etnis mengalami transformasi yang membuka jalan bagi bentuk ekspresi baru.   Ethnic Music in the Modern Era: Innovation and Tradition in Creative Works Abstract Ethnic music is rich in traditions passed down from generation to generation. In modern times, however, this music has undergone significant development thanks to various innovations. Innovation and tradition are two aspects that often interact and complement each other in art and creative work. In many situations, innovation acts as a refreshment and development of existing traditions, while tradition provides a strong and rich foundation for innovation. This study uses qualitative methods that allow researchers to delve into subjective meanings and experiences in the context of ethnic music, making it particularly suited to understanding the interaction between innovation and tradition in creative work. In addition, data collection was conducted through interviews, case studies, participant observation, data analysis, and data validation. This paper explores how the fusion of traditional elements in ethnic music with modern approaches results in creative works that not only maintain cultural identity, but are also relevant to today's audiences. Through the use of technology, contemporary compositional techniques, and cross-cultural collaborations, ethnic music is undergoing a transformation that paves the way for new forms of expression. Keywords: Ethnic Music; Innovation; Tradition; Creative Work

Brendon Mizener, Mathilde Vandenberghe-Descamps, Hervé Abdi et al.

French and American participants listened to new music stimuli and evaluated the stimuli using either adjectives or quantitative musical dimensions. Results were analyzed using correspondence analysis (CA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), multiple factor analysis (MFA), and partial least squares correlation (PLSC). French and American listeners differed when they described the musical stimuli using adjectives, but not when using the quantitative dimensions. The present work serves as a case study in research methodology that allows for a balance between relaxing experimental control and maintaining statistical rigor.

Lilac Atassi

While many topics of the learning-based approach to automated music generation are under active research, musical form is under-researched. In particular, recent methods based on deep learning models generate music that, at the largest time scale, lacks any structure. In practice, music longer than one minute generated by such models is either unpleasantly repetitive or directionless. Adapting a recent music generation model, this paper proposes a novel method to generate music with form. The experimental results show that the proposed method can generate 2.5-minute-long music that is considered as pleasant as the music used to train the model. The paper first reviews a recent music generation method based on language models (transformer architecture). We discuss why learning musical form by such models is infeasible. Then we discuss our proposed method and the experiments.

Le Cai, Sam Ferguson, Gengfa Fang et al.

Existing research on music recommendation systems primarily focuses on recommending similar music, thereby often neglecting diverse and distinctive musical recordings. Musical outliers can provide valuable insights due to the inherent diversity of music itself. In this paper, we explore music outliers, investigating their potential usefulness for music discovery and recommendation systems. We argue that not all outliers should be treated as noise, as they can offer interesting perspectives and contribute to a richer understanding of an artist's work. We introduce the concept of 'Genuine' music outliers and provide a definition for them. These genuine outliers can reveal unique aspects of an artist's repertoire and hold the potential to enhance music discovery by exposing listeners to novel and diverse musical experiences.

Etash Jhanji

Sentiment analysis is a continuously explored area of text processing that deals with the computational analysis of opinions, sentiments, and subjectivity of text. However, this idea is not limited to text and speech, in fact, it could be applied to other modalities. In reality, humans do not express themselves in text as deeply as they do in music. The ability of a computational model to interpret musical emotions is largely unexplored and could have implications and uses in therapy and musical queuing. In this paper, two individual tasks are addressed. This study seeks to (1) predict the emotion of a musical clip over time and (2) determine the next emotion value after the music in a time series to ensure seamless transitions. Utilizing data from the Emotions in Music Database, which contains clips of songs selected from the Free Music Archive annotated with levels of valence and arousal as reported on Russel's circumplex model of affect by multiple volunteers, models are trained for both tasks. Overall, the performance of these models reflected that they were able to perform the tasks they were designed for effectively and accurately.

Luis Zambrano, Amy Bauer

AbstractMariachi music has long been recognized as a—perhaps the—central genre of vernacular music in Mexico, with scattered academic studies investigating its ties to Mexican culture, myth, and national identity. But the music itself, still propagated largely through oral instruction, has received little attention. Good Mariachi practice is based on a holistic model of performance that includes a prescribed repertoire of bass lines, harmonic changes, meters, forms, and instrumental voicings that operate in synchrony. Despite having coalesced around distinct regional styles both within and outside of Mexico, the musical tradition of Mariachi rests on select formal principles drawn from the Mexican Ranchera, Mexican Son and the historic instrumentation of trumpet, violin, vihuela/ guitar, and guitarrrón, transmitted primarily through aural instruction. This makes Mariachi an ideal case study for unique schema prototypes inspired by Robert Gjerdingen’s Music in the Galant Style and modeled on foundational examples in the core Mariachi repertoire known as Cajón. These archetypes incorporate specific harmonic motions, bass patterns, and instrumental voicings within a single, well-defined unit. We will also address the practice of marrying instrumental performance practice to vocal delivery and describe how those units shape larger musical narratives. We further address these paradigms as they shape repertoire expansion and the expression of regional style within other genres of Norteño music. Keywords: Mariachi, Cajón, schema theory, Ranchera, Norteño ResumenSe ha reconocido al mariachi durante mucho tiempo como un género –quizás el género– central de la música vernácula en México, con estudios académicos dispersos que investigan sus vínculos con la cultura, el mito y la identidad nacional mexicana. Sin embargo, la música en sí, que aún se transmite en gran medida a través de la instrucción oral, ha recibido poca atención. La buena práctica del mariachi se basa en un modelo holístico de interpretación que incluye un repertorio determinado de líneas de bajo, cambios armónicos, compases, formas y disposiciones instrumentales que operan en sincronía. A pesar de haberse consolidado alrededor de estilos regionales distintos tanto dentro como fuera de México, la tradición musical del mariachi se basa en principios formales preferidos y extraídos de la ranchera mexicana, el son mexicano y la instrumentación histórica para trompeta, violín, vihuela/guitarra y guitarrón, transmitidos principalmente a través de la instrucción aural. Todo esto significa que el mariachi es un caso de estudio ideal para prototipos únicos de esquemas, inspirados en Music in the Galant Style de Robert Gjerdingen y modelados a partir de ejemplos fundamentales en el repertorio central del mariachi conocido como Cajón. Estos arquetipos incorporan movimientos armónicos específicos, patrones de bajo y disposiciones instrumentales dentro de una unidad clara y bien definida. También abordaremos la práctica de unir la interpretación instrumental con la emisión vocal y describiremos cómo esas unidades dan forma a narrativas musicales más amplias. Abordaremos además estos paradigmas a medida que dan forma a la expansión del repertorio y la expresión del estilo regional dentro de otros géneros de música norteña. Palabras clave: mariachi, cajón, teoría de esquemas, ranchera, norteño

Victoria Angela Sugianto, S. Suyoto

Generally, musical instrument learning is done face-to-face, with a teacher providing examples and later instruction from students follows. Many people want to learn the piano because the piano is able to express itself, one of which is for choir or personal pleasure. When someone plays the piano without any instruction from a teacher or someone who is an expert in playing the piano, they tend to use the wrong technique and posture in playing the instrument. Augmented Reality (AR) technology  has been widely used to facilitate the learning of new skills. In this study, it proposes a comparative analysis of applications that have applied Augmented Reality  technology using testing scenarios and using  the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) method. In this study, data collection was carried out by comparing  the Perfect  Piano application and the Skoove: Learn Piano  application using questionnaires. The questionnaire was distributed offline with a target of 10 respondents then divided into 2 groups based on the application to be studied. The results of this study show that the Perfect Piano application  has a value of 5.43 which is higher than  the Skoove: Learn Piano application.  This shows that  the Perfect Piano  application is easier for someone to use to learn the piano. This research is expected to be used to facilitate future research, especially to create an application that is more interactive and can be used as a means to facilitate musical instrument learning.

Hyun-ju Kim, H. Chong

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the level of academic stress among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic and how music was utilized as a stress coping strategy. Methods For this study, a survey was developed and administered which included closed and open-ended questionnaires. The data were collected from college students at two universities over a two-week period in May 2022. Quantitative data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis in terms of how music was used to cope with their academic stress. Results The results showed that there was no significant difference among academic stress levels by gender, and majors. However, there was an evident increase in the use of music to cope with academic stress, specifically with challenges and boredom of online classes. From the content analysis, 79% of the participants reported an increase in musical behaviors, with music listening being the most common. Among the many benefits of music listening, they reported that the companionship of music during social distancing and the emotion regulation function of music were particularly salient. In conclusion, during COVID-19, college students have developed more strategic uses of music to cope with academic stress, which may also be useful for coping with other types of stressors. Conclusions The findings from this study provide insight into the academic stress levels of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential use of music as a stress coping strategy.

Syafiq Agil Varisandi, Setya Yuwana, I Nengah Mariasa

Jaranan Turangga Yaksa is an original art from Dhongko Village, Trenggalek Regency. Turangga Yaksa is a horse with a giant head and ridden by a knight who can control amarah, syaitonah, lauamah, dan serakah. This art is the result of creations from the Baritan ceremony (bar ngarit tanduran), local people usually hold tayub parties which aim to express gratitude for the harvest they have received. In this research, Jaranan Turangga Yaksa was studied ethnomusicologically by taking several approaches, namely describing the notation, musical aspects and organology found in the musical instrument Jaranan Turangga Yaksa. The research was conducted in Dhongko Village, Trenggalek Regency. The data collection method was carried out by interviewing several sources such as Mbah Mu'an (Creator of the Jaranan Turangga Yaksa music), chairman of the Sanggar Purwo Budaya, singer, dancer, and also pengrawit. Observe the development of musical accompaniment, and also perform FGD (Forum Group Duscussion) to deepen information and data to make it more valid. The description of the musical notation used by the author includes using number notation on balungan instruments and also vocals. The use of the terms plak, dlang, dhe as notation for percussion instruments such as kendang. Writing drum notation using  notasi balok, and also using symbols as another term in writing gamelan notation. From the musical aspect, Jaranan Turangga Yaksa music has its own drum beats that differentiate it from other jaranan music such as Jaranan Buto, Jaranan Senterewe, Jaranan Pegon, and Jaranan Dor.

Christos Garoufis, Athanasia Zlatintsi, Petros Maragos

In this paper, we study whether music source separation can be used as a pre-training strategy for music representation learning, targeted at music classification tasks. To this end, we first pre-train U-Net networks under various music source separation objectives, such as the isolation of vocal or instrumental sources from a musical piece; afterwards, we attach a classification network to the pre-trained U-Net and jointly finetune the whole network. The features learned by the separation network are also propagated to the tail network through a convolutional feature adaptation module. Experimental results in two widely used and publicly available datasets indicate that pre-training the U-Nets with a music source separation objective can improve performance compared to both training the whole network from scratch and using the tail network as a standalone in two music classification tasks, music auto-tagging and music genre classification. We also show that our proposed framework can be successfully integrated into both convolutional and Transformer-based backends, highlighting its modularity.

Berkin Bilgic, Mauro Costagli, Kwok-Shing Chan et al.

This article provides recommendations for implementing quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) for clinical brain research. It is a consensus of the ISMRM Electro-Magnetic Tissue Properties Study Group. While QSM technical development continues to advance rapidly, the current QSM methods have been demonstrated to be repeatable and reproducible for generating quantitative tissue magnetic susceptibility maps in the brain. However, the many QSM approaches available give rise to the need in the neuroimaging community for guidelines on implementation. This article describes relevant considerations and provides specific implementation recommendations for all steps in QSM data acquisition, processing, analysis, and presentation in scientific publications. We recommend that data be acquired using a monopolar 3D multi-echo GRE sequence, that phase images be saved and exported in DICOM format and unwrapped using an exact unwrapping approach. Multi-echo images should be combined before background removal, and a brain mask created using a brain extraction tool with the incorporation of phase-quality-based masking. Background fields should be removed within the brain mask using a technique based on SHARP or PDF, and the optimization approach to dipole inversion should be employed with a sparsity-based regularization. Susceptibility values should be measured relative to a specified reference, including the common reference region of whole brain as a region of interest in the analysis, and QSM results should be reported with - as a minimum - the acquisition and processing specifications listed in the last section of the article. These recommendations should facilitate clinical QSM research and lead to increased harmonization in data acquisition, analysis, and reporting.

Djohan, Fortunata Tyasrinestu, Henry Yuda Oktadus et al.

Musical video tutorials measure student self-efficacy. Creative kids explore, adapt, and integrate sound. Digital media prepares children for globalization. Media aids learning. Homeschoolers learn. E-learning is great during COVID-19. Distance learning involves self-study, media, and no teacher-student contact. Educating kids, parents, and teachers enhances home and school learning. Distance education is “education in which students are separated from the teacher and learning takes place using various learning resources through communication technology, information, and other media”. Thus, video tutorial-based e-learning, formerly audiovisual-free, can improve online teacher-student learning, especially in primary school music instruction, where teachers lack inventiveness. This art-based research collects quantitative survey and qualitative focus group data via a quasi-experiment. Compared to the control group's 0.953 and 0.8511, the treatment group scored 0.492 and averaged 0.91489. Video lectures taught the experimental group creative music. Multimedia-enhanced video lesson learning in parent-teacher focus groups Online instruction can enhance the music learning methodology. Thus, video tutorials increase early primary music students' emotional well-being.

Jiang Xin, Chiew Hwa Poon, Shelly Cooper et al.

Blind children can benefit from music education as it enhances their musical skills and auditory abilities. However, blind children in China face challenges in pursuing music education due to issues such as social stigma and lack of qualified teachers. Moreover, research in this area is lacking. On the basis of the PERMA (positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, accomplishment) framework, this study attempts to identify the positive psychology of blind children’s piano learning among teachers, blind students, and parents. This study aims to to fill the research gap of piano learning among blind children. Interviews were conducted with piano teachers, blind students, and their parents (N=56) using a qualitative research methodology through PERMA framework. The data identified that piano teachers’ instruction was influenced by their preparation of teaching and personal attitudes. Findings also revealed that the positive emotion, sense of engagement, and positive relationships, impacted the accomplishment and achievement of all participants. This study demonstrates that teachers’ preparation experience and positive attitudes, engagement, and building rapport with blind children and their parents are crucial to promoting their piano learning. This study offers readers the chance to get insight into the field of piano instruction for the blind as well as illumination from thought and empirical support for piano teachers and music educators in inclusive music education in China.

Hyun-seon Lee

Objectives The purpose of this study is to discuss the direction of music education by examining how artistic citizenship, a component of global citizenship, which is the focus of world education, is practiced in the region. Methods As a qualitative research method, an amateur orchestra performing music activities in the region was observed and in-depth interviews were conducted for 10 months. Results Artistic citizenship begins with the expression and development of sound, not language, when an individual learns a musical instrument. In order for everyone to make music, in the process of musical cooperation, communication by controlling the volume and tempo takes place. Musical collaboration induces empathy internally and at the same time gives empathy that understands and respects the emotions and feelings of others on stage, changing from self-centered to pro-social. Conclusions The musical activity of the local orchestra creates artistic citizenship in the form of altruistically changing lives and creating a healthy society that empathizes with and expands the same feelings through cooperation among local citizens.