Hasil untuk "Museums. Collectors and collecting"

Lin Kyi, Paul Gölz, Robin Berjon et al.

Obtaining meaningful and informed consent from users is essential for ensuring autonomy and control over one's data. Notice and consent, the standard for collecting consent, has been criticized. While other individualized solutions have been proposed, this paper argues that a collective approach to consent is worth exploring. First, individual consent is not always feasible to collect for all data collection scenarios. Second, harms resulting from data processing are often communal in nature, given the interconnected nature of some data. Finally, ensuring truly informed consent for every individual has proven impractical. We propose collective consent, operationalized through consent assemblies, as one alternative framework. We establish collective consent's theoretical foundations and use speculative design to envision consent assemblies leveraging deliberative mini-publics. We present two vignettes: i) replacing notice and consent, and ii) collecting consent for GenAI model training. Our paper employs future backcasting to identify the requirements for realizing collective consent and explores its potential applications in contexts where individual consent is infeasible.

Khalida I. Hasson, Afkar M. Hadi, Farah A. J. AL-Zahaw

The current review aims to provide the available updated data for Houbara Bustards Chlamydotis undulata(Jacquin, 1784) (Aves, Otidiformes, Otididae) after its being listed on the IUCN Red List as VU Vulnerable, and its population has decreased globally. Also, it's being transmitted from the Gruiformes to the Otidiformes order. The current bibliographical study reviewed the most recent references that deal with houbara bustards: nomenclature, morphology, biological features, habitat, reproduction and breeding, migration patterns, global conservation status, hunting, and species status in Iraq, by searching in the previous literature. The current study reviewed the references about the global conservation status of the Houbara Bustard from the last 30 years (1995-2024). The status of the species in Iraq is that they are still living in the wild without any protection or breeding stations. It is also exposed to poaching by falconers and smugglers. A total of 105670 nucleotides of Chlamydotiswere recorded on the NCBI website in various regions of the world, and the most recent recordings were reviewed in the current article.

J. Dunlop, Anja Friederichs

Locality data for the Myriapoda (Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Pauropoda, and Symphyla) deposited in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin were mapped with the principal aim of highlighting areas of historical collecting activity. Data from 15,648 individual lots yielded 2,366 localities for which meaningful geographical coordinates could be determined. Most records are from Germany and Central Europe extending into the Balkans, with intensive sampling of Alpine regions. The second largest source of data is Africa, especially South Africa and the former German colonies. This is followed by Asia, particularly Indonesia, and Oceania, with notable concentrations in another former German colony in Papua New Guinea and in south-western Australia. The Americas were less heavily sampled, at least in terms of georeferenced localities. The results are placed in a historical context, with remarks on notable collectors and/or collecting trips, and some of the prospects and challenges for using these data are discussed.

Nawojka Cieślińska-Lobkowicz

Tadeusz Wierzejski was the most generous museum benefactor in Communist Poland, donating to 25 museums in the country. In the cases of the National Museum in Warsaw, the Royal Łazienki Palace, the Wawel Royal Castle and the District Museum in Toruń, his gifts – in their size as well as their quality – exceeded these institutions’ acquisitional possibilities in those days. The artistic calibre of these groups of works attests to the versatile professional knowledge possessed by Wierzejski. As donations, they were the culmination of his passion for collecting and the outcome of his fifty years of practically uninterrupted activity as an art dealer. Having started out in Bydgoszcz after the First World War, he developed his business fully in Lviv and continued in the extraordinary circumstances of German-occupied Kraków. Where he operated the longest, i.e., for nearly thirty years, was in post-war Warsaw, in constant ‘hit-and-run battle’ with the socialist reality, systemically hostile toward private initiative and ownership. The methods he resorted to in the People’s Poland period were not always ethical – he was not averse to looted goods or the illegal export of artefacts abroad. Arguably, however, his actions were a response to the pathology of the political system, a dimension which goes largely unnoticed by Wierzejski’s critics today. Even worse, his detractors tend to indiscriminately repeat rumours of Wierzejski’s collaboration with the Germans during the occupation, which have been following the collector’s name since that time but were found to be baseless by the communist investigators in pursuit of him. The author of the paper attempts a polemical discussion with these opinions, citing little-known or ignored facts from the dealer’s life and proposing an analysis of his post-war activity that takes into account the country’s cultural policy and the situation of museums at the time. The paper concludes with a plea for the objects donated by or purchased from Wierzejski to undergo provenance research, which may define the status of the artefacts acquired from the man and add to the existing knowledge on the outstanding but equally controversial collector, donor and dealer.

Daniil Karol, Elizaveta Artser, Ilya Vlasov et al.

Collecting data of students solving programming tasks is incredibly valuable for researchers and educators. It allows verifying that the students correctly apply the features and concepts they are taught, or finding students' misconceptions. However, existing data collection tools have limitations, e.g., no control over the granularity of the collected code, not collecting the specific events of the programming environment used, and overall being hard to configure. To overcome these limitations, we propose KOALA, a convenient and highly configurable tool for collecting code snapshots and feature usage from students solving programming tasks in JetBrains IDEs. The plugin can be installed in IDEs and configured to provide the students with the necessary tasks, enable or disable certain IDE features like code completion, and run surveys. During problem solving, the plugin collects code snapshots at the configured granularity, all IDE actions like running and debugging, as well as some data not collected in prior works, like employed hotkeys and switching focus between files. The collected data is sent to the server that comes with the tool, where it is stored and can be converted to the standardized ProgSnap2 format. To showcase the tool, we collected data from 28 students solving tasks in two courses within the IDE, highlighting some insights from this data.

Alailton J. Alves Junior, Daniel Barbosa, Ricardo A. S. Fernandes et al.

The increasing integration of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) is reshaping fault current characteristics, presenting significant challenges to traditional protection and fault location methods. This paper addresses a key limitation in fault location within wind farm collector networks, i.e., one-terminal phasor-based methods become inaccurate when IBRs are electrically located downstream from the fault. In such cases, the voltage drop caused by IBR fault current injections is not captured by the Intelligent Electronic Device, resulting in a systematic overestimation of fault distance. To mitigate this issue, a general compensation framework was proposed by augmenting classical loop formulations with a distance-dependent voltage correction term. The methodology was derived analytically using a sequence-domain representation and generalized to multiple fault types through a unified notation. It maintains the simplicity and interpretability of conventional approaches and can be implemented using only local measurements. The method was evaluated through EMT simulations in PSCAD using a realistic wind farm model. Results show significant improvements in location accuracy, with average and maximum errors notably reduced, especially for ground-involved faults where reductions exceed 90\%. Furthermore, the compensation eliminates sensitivity to wind penetration levels and ensures uniform performance across feeders, positioning the method as a practical solution for modern renewable-dominated grids.

Eleftherios Avramidis, Vera Czehmann, Fabian Deckert et al.

We present a collection of parallel corpora of 12 sign languages in video format, together with subtitles in the dominant spoken languages of the corresponding countries. The entire collection includes more than 1,300 hours in 4,381 video files, accompanied by 1,3~M subtitles containing 14~M tokens. Most notably, it includes the first consistent parallel corpora for 8 Latin American sign languages, whereas the size of the German Sign Language corpora is ten times the size of the previously available corpora. The collection was created by collecting and processing videos of multiple sign languages from various online sources, mainly broadcast material of news shows, governmental bodies and educational channels. The preparation involved several stages, including data collection, informing the content creators and seeking usage approvals, scraping, and cropping. The paper provides statistics on the collection and an overview of the methods used to collect the data.

A. Bogan, Jamie M. Smith, Cynthia M. Bogan

Herbert D. Athearn (1923–2011) was an avid student of freshwater mollusks. He named his private shell collection “The Museum of Fluviatile Mollusks”, which was meticulously organized at his residence. This collection was curated to current museum standards with detailed labels, all lots with catalog numbers, and all unionoid valves with catalog numbers written in India ink. Specimens’ collecting dates span between 1850 and 2005, with 23,344 cataloged lots containing over 3000 lots of imperiled and extinct taxa. All data for each of the lots are handwritten in paper catalogs. Many lots contain growth series from the smallest juveniles to the largest specimens seen. He traded extensively with collectors worldwide, obtaining specimens from 84 countries. This collection was donated to the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences in 2007. To date, 64 percent of this collection has been databased using a relational database, totaling 589,995 specimens. The collection consists of bivalves, primarily Unionidae, Margaritiferidae, and Sphaeriidae, as well as gastropods. There are 73 families represented, with the greatest abundance found in freshwater Pleuroceridae. The Athearn collection donation included his correspondence, his library, field notes, and USGS topographic maps with marked field localities.

A. Sands

Abstract:The explosive growth in the recognition of photography as an art form by museums and collectors in the United States between the late 1960s and 1970s is often referred to as the photography boom. In this period, the status of the photograph evolved from functional image to valuable and collectible fine-art object. This article addresses the significance of the limited-edition portfolio during the 1970s in light of this phenomenon, considering, as a case study, the portfolio Lisette Model: Twelve Photographs. Published in 1976 by Washington, DC–based art dealer Harry Lunn, the modern portfolio features Austrian-born US American photographer Lisette Model’s street photographs and portraits from the 1930s and 1940s printed by Gerd Sander for the edition. Sander’s role as established professional printer, in which he created an object for the market, together with Lunn’s strategic capacity as photography dealer, produced rarity—a key mechanism that generated the collectability of modernist photography in the United States.

Nataša Visočnik Gerželj

The book The World of Fans – East Asian Fans in Slovenian Museum Collections offers a comprehensive insight into the rich and diverse tradi­tion of East Asian fans, and presents how they have been researched in Slovenia. The monograph is the result of research work carried out as part of the project Orphaned Objects: Dealing with East Asian Objects Outside Organized Collecting Practices in Slovenia, and explores the development of fans and their function in Japanese, Chinese, and Korean societies. It also focuses on the role of the fan as a collector’s item, with a particular emphasis on East Asian fans in Slovenian museums as part of research into East Asian collections. The analysis and interpretation of East Asian fans from the late 19th and early 20th centuries is accompanied by rich visual material. In six chapters, it examines fans as part of cultural heritage and art, reflecting Chinese, Japanese, and Korean traditions, craft techniques, and the aesthetic values of different historical periods and cultures, helping us to understand the cultural practices and customs of the past.

I. Walsh

She helped found MoMA and pioneered the promotion of work of American and French modern artists at the turn of the 20th century, but until now, her life and legacy remain woefully under examined. An early pioneer and patron of French and American modernism, Lillie P. Bliss (1864-1931) was one of three female cofounders of MoMA in 1929, and went on to furnish the museum with one of the finest collections of modern art in the world. Presenting case-studies alongside data-driven analysis drawn from original research into the American art market, this book reconstructs Bliss's influential career in rich and compelling detail. It weaves together extensive archival material related to the art and the artists that Bliss collected and patronised – such as Paul Cezanne, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Edgar Degas, Georges Seurat, and Odilon Redon – the art market of the time and the evolution of the New York museum ecosystem, and highlights the importance of private collecting in the development of American museums. By revisiting MoMA's foundational history, author Irene Walsh explores how Lillie P. Bliss's visionary bequest of over 120 artworks upon her death in 1931 profoundly influenced and shaped the institution, questioning why her pioneering role has been overshadowed by other collectors. Combining biography, market knowledge, institutional analysis, and art history, it enriches our understanding of early 20th-century dealer dynamics and collection strategies in New York, illuminates the role of collections in shaping art narratives, while offering contemporary insights into women's agency in the arts. Global, interdisciplinary, and timely, the book provides fascinating first-hand research into a collector of great importance, and will make a long standing contribution to studies in the art market and 20th-century collecting.

A. Jasinska, Artur Jasiński

The adaptation of the former Jewish Zucker House of Prayer as a gallery of contemporary art is a unique phenomenon due to both the complicated history of the heritage building itself and the unique personality of the current owner. Andrzej Starmach, an art dealer and collector in one, has gathered an extraordinary collection of contemporary Polish art, managing to stay ahead of popular trends. For many years, the Starmach Gallery was a lone beacon of culture in the run-down Podgórze district, which is now flourishing, becoming a location of numerous museums. Through their recent donation of their outstanding collection of Polish contemporary art – built up over a period of many years – to the city of Kraków, Andrzej and Teresa Starmach have left their mark on the history of Polish art collecting.

A. Maciuca

The Bucharest Pinacotheque has become the foremost repository of Romanian artistic heritage, documenting national artistic developments from the mid-19th century to the present day. Alongside its extensive Romanian holdings, the institution also preserves a smaller but significant collection of European art, comprising over fifty works by foreign artists dating from the 17th to the early 20th century. The aim of this research is to analyze the European art collection donated by Ioan I. Movila, with particular attention to its artistic diversity, provenance, and contribution to the transnational dialogue of the Pinacotheque�s holdings. Methodologically, the study employs comparative stylistic analysis, provenance research, and classification by national schools (French, Flemish, Italian, Spanish, German, Hungarian, Austrian, and Belgian). The research also situates these works within Movila�s collecting practice, highlighting his preference for Western painting and his role in shaping the museum�s identity. Preliminary results indicate that Movila�s donations include significant copies after masters such as Jacob Jordaens (Philemon and Baucis), Titian, and Carlo Dolci, as well as original works by artists such as Luca Giordano. A particularly notable contribution is the presence of Georges Van den Bos, whose painting Waiting (Paris, late 19th century) exemplifies the symbolic female imagery characteristic of his oeuvre. This study contributes to scholarship by classifying and contextualizing a collection that has so far received limited academic attention. It emphasizes Movila�s legacy as a collector who bridged Romanian and European artistic traditions, and it repositions the Pinacotheque as a space of cultural intersection rather than solely a repository of national heritage.

Francesc Net, Marc Folia, Pep Casals et al.

In this paper, we address the challenges of automatic metadata annotation in the domain of Galleries, Libraries, Archives, and Museums (GLAMs) by introducing a novel dataset, EUFCC340K, collected from the Europeana portal. Comprising over 340,000 images, the EUFCC340K dataset is organized across multiple facets: Materials, Object Types, Disciplines, and Subjects, following a hierarchical structure based on the Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT). We developed several baseline models, incorporating multiple heads on a ConvNeXT backbone for multi-label image tagging on these facets, and fine-tuning a CLIP model with our image text pairs. Our experiments to evaluate model robustness and generalization capabilities in two different test scenarios demonstrate the utility of the dataset in improving multi-label classification tools that have the potential to alleviate cataloging tasks in the cultural heritage sector.

Jamie Mahowald, Benjamin Charles Germain Lee

Despite the prevalence and historical importance of maps in digital collections, current methods of navigating and exploring map collections are largely restricted to catalog records and structured metadata. In this paper, we explore the potential for interactively searching large-scale map collections using natural language inputs ("maps with sea monsters"), visual inputs (i.e., reverse image search), and multimodal inputs (an example map + "more grayscale"). As a case study, we adopt 562,842 images of maps publicly accessible via the Library of Congress's API. To accomplish this, we use the mulitmodal Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) machine learning model to generate embeddings for these maps, and we develop code to implement exploratory search capabilities with these input strategies. We present results for example searches created in consultation with staff in the Library of Congress's Geography and Map Division and describe the strengths, weaknesses, and possibilities for these search queries. Moreover, we introduce a fine-tuning dataset of 10,504 map-caption pairs, along with an architecture for fine-tuning a CLIP model on this dataset. To facilitate re-use, we provide all of our code in documented, interactive Jupyter notebooks and place all code into the public domain. Lastly, we discuss the opportunities and challenges for applying these approaches across both digitized and born-digital collections held by galleries, libraries, archives, and museums.

Yuhao Wu, Evin Jaff, Ke Yang et al.

LLM app (tool) ecosystems are rapidly evolving to support sophisticated use cases that often require extensive user data collection. Given that LLM apps are developed by third parties and anecdotal evidence indicating inconsistent enforcement of policies by LLM platforms, sharing user data with these apps presents significant privacy risks. In this paper, we aim to bring transparency in data practices of LLM app ecosystems. We examine OpenAI's GPT app ecosystem as a case study. We propose an LLM-based framework to analyze the natural language specifications of GPT Actions (custom tools) and assess their data collection practices. Our analysis reveals that Actions collect excessive data across 24 categories and 145 data types, with third-party Actions collecting 6.03% more data on average. We find that several Actions violate OpenAI's policies by collecting sensitive information, such as passwords, which is explicitly prohibited by OpenAI. Lastly, we develop an LLM-based privacy policy analysis framework to automatically check the consistency of data collection by Actions with disclosures in their privacy policies. Our measurements indicate that the disclosures for most of the collected data types are omitted, with only 5.8% of Actions clearly disclosing their data collection practices.

Ivan Kayongo, Haonan Zhao, Leonardo Malcotti et al.

Pervasive sensors have become essential in research for gathering real-world data. However, current studies often focus solely on objective data, neglecting subjective human contributions. We introduce an approach and system for collecting big-thick data, combining extensive sensor data (big data) with qualitative human feedback (thick data). This fusion enables effective collaboration between humans and machines, allowing machine learning to benefit from human behavior and interpretations. Emphasizing data quality, our system incorporates continuous monitoring and adaptive learning mechanisms to optimize data collection timing and context, ensuring relevance, accuracy, and reliability. The system comprises three key components: a) a tool for collecting sensor data and user feedback, b) components for experiment planning and execution monitoring, and c) a machine-learning component that enhances human-machine interaction.

Antonio Aiello

On the centenary celebrations of the unification of Italy (1961), the Esposizione Internazionale del Lavoro (E.I.L.) or International Labour Exhibition, was organized in Turin to celebrate work as a foundational value of Italian identity and the highest expression of progress, creativity, and human dignity. The exhibition featured international contributions and a central Italian pavilion set up by different architects overseen by the architect Gio Ponti. During this event, artist Lucio Fontana conceived Fonti di energia, soffitto di neon per Italia 61 (Sources of Energy, Neon Ceiling for Italia 61), a composition of seven layers of neon tubes, designed specifically for the section curated by architects Gianemilio, Piero, and Anna Monti (Studio G.P.A. Monti). Although Fontana’s work has been extensively studied, the architectural context within which it was situated has not been sufficiently examined, resulting in a partial erasure of the spatial context and an inadequate recognition of the contributions of Studio G.P.A. Monti. This essay addresses these historiographical gaps by analysing unpublished documents from the G.P.A. Monti Archive, now in the Archivi Storici del Politecnico di Milano (Politecnico di Milano Historical Archives).

Francisco J. González de la Fuente, Sofía Rojas Miguel, Jaime de la Vega Ramos et al.

Se presenta el estudio de caso de una pieza de arreo de caballería recuperada en la excavación del yacimiento romano de El Castrico, en Rabanales –Zamora–, en un contexto estratigráficamente datado a finales del siglo I d. C. o principios del II d. C. El hallazgo supone una contribución relevante sobre la cronología del uso de estas piezas y su distribución geográfica en el noroeste hispano.

Mark D. B. Eldridge, Sally Potter, Renae Pratt et al.

Tree-kangaroos (genus Dendrolagus) are a morphologically distinctive genus of specialized, arboreal macropodids confined to the wet forests of New Guinea and northeast Australia. A distinct Goodfellow’s group, containing up to four species, has long been recognized. Resolving the relationships of taxa within the group has been hampered by limited samples of most taxa. Here we supplement published genetic data from high quality tissue samples with molecular data generated from museum specimens to improve taxon and geographic coverage. This includes specimens of the previously unsampled D. g. goodfellowi, the holotype and paratype of D. deltae, and additional specimens of D. matschiei, D. spadix and D. g. buergersi. DNA sequence data were generated from three mitochondrial loci. Phylogenetic analysis improved the resolution of relationships within the Goodfellow’s group, with the morphologically similar D. g. goodfellowi and D. g. buergersi being recovered as sister taxa, while D. pulcherrimus was the sister to the closely related, but morphologically and ecologically distinct, D. spadix and D. matschiei. Despite being sister to D. g. buergersi, D. g. goodfellowi was highly divergent. However, the two are morphologically very similar and we recommend retaining the taxonomic status quo (recognizing them as two subspecies of a single species) until improved sampling and a more thorough analysis is possible. The problematic D. deltae was confirmed as a junior synonym of D. matschiei.