Cláudio Lúcio do Val Lopes, João Marcus Pitta, Fabiano Belém
et al.
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into clinical settings presents a software engineering challenge, demanding a shift from isolated models to robust, governable, and reliable systems. However, brittle, prototype-derived architectures often plague industrial applications and a lack of systemic oversight, creating a ``responsibility vacuum'' where safety and accountability are compromised. This paper presents an industry case study of the ``Maria'' platform, a production-grade AI system in primary healthcare that addresses this gap. Our central hypothesis is that trustworthy clinical AI is achieved through the holistic integration of four foundational engineering pillars. We present a synergistic architecture that combines Clean Architecture for maintainability with an Event-driven architecture for resilience and auditability. We introduce the Agent as the primary unit of modularity, each possessing its own autonomous MLOps lifecycle. Finally, we show how a Human-in-the-Loop governance model is technically integrated not merely as a safety check, but as a critical, event-driven data source for continuous improvement. We present the platform as a reference architecture, offering practical lessons for engineers building maintainable, scalable, and accountable AI-enabled systems in high-stakes domains.
WE43 Mg alloy was processed by warm laser shock peening (WLSP) to tailor its surface integrity and wear resistance in this study. The influence rule of laser energy and process temperature as well as the tribological behavior of Mg alloy was revealed. The dimensions of impacted dents and surface roughness are raised with the increase of laser energy and temperature. A gradient microstructure is formed with the thickest grain refinement lay of 235 μm achieved by WLSP with 0.4 J at 150 °C. The highest surface hardness of 262.32 ± 67.32 HV is obtained with 0.4 J at room temperature (RT) with an increase of about 225% from the initial 80.82 ± 3.33 HV. All samples after WLSP exhibit enhanced wear resistance indicated by the reduced friction coefficient and even better tribological behavior examined at 200 °C than that at RT. The lowest average friction coefficient of 0.064 is achieved by WLSP with 0.4 J at RT and an acceptably low value of 0.126 is maintained with 0.4 J at 150 °C when worn at 200 °C. High-density dislocations and second-phase precipitation of Mg24Y5 and Mg41Nd5 are facilitated by dynamic strain aging (DSA) and dynamic precipitation (DP), leading to the improved grain refinement and surface modification results. The regular distribution of impacted dents, work hardening and grain refinement by surface severe plastic deformation as well as the promoted DSA and DP process during WLSP jointly contribute to the enhancement and thermal stability of the wear resistance of WE43 Mg alloy.
Accumulative roll bonding was employed on 1060 aluminum alloy along the transverse direction without lubrication. The texture evolution and lattice rotation of an ARB-processed aluminum sheet, which initially exhibited a rotated β fiber texture, were examined using X-ray diffraction. Successful interlayer bonding was achieved during the ARB process, and the grains in the sheets were refined and stretched along the rolling direction. The rotated β fiber was unstable during shear deformation, gradually transitioning to a stable r-cube orientation along different rotation paths. Variations in ODFs with accumulated true strain were utilized to determine the rotation paths from the initial rotated β fiber to the end r-cube orientation. The rotated β fiber disappearance rate initially decreased rapidly as the accumulated true strain increased, followed by a slower decline. The B’ {0 1 1}<1 1 1> orientation moved to the S’ {1 2 3}<17 22 9> orientation along the skeleton of the initial rotated β fiber, while the C’ {1 1 2}<1 1 0> orientation moved to the r-cube orientation along the transverse direction axis. A slight deviation from the C’ orientation was revealed in the rotation path from the S’ orientation to the r-cube orientation. Texture evolution was clarified quantitatively through establishing a mathematical relation between texture component volume fractions and accumulated true strain utilizing the JMAK equation. The relatively high <i>r</i> values indicated that the JMAK equation could quantify texture evolution during shear deformation.
Marina Araújo, Júlia Araújo, Romeu Oliveira
et al.
[Context] Domain knowledge is recognized as a key component for the success of Requirements Engineering (RE), as it provides the conceptual support needed to understand the system context, ensure alignment with stakeholder needs, and reduce ambiguity in requirements specification. Despite its relevance, the scientific literature still lacks a systematic consolidation of how domain knowledge can be effectively used and operationalized in RE. [Goal] This paper addresses this gap by offering a comprehensive overview of existing contributions, including methods, techniques, and tools to incorporate domain knowledge into RE practices. [Method] We conducted a systematic mapping study using a hybrid search strategy that combines database searches with iterative backward and forward snowballing. [Results] In total, we found 75 papers that met our inclusion criteria. The analysis highlights the main types of requirements addressed, the most frequently considered quality attributes, and recurring challenges in the formalization, acquisition, and long-term maintenance of domain knowledge. The results provide support for researchers and practitioners in identifying established approaches and unresolved issues. The study also outlines promising directions for future research, emphasizing the development of scalable, automated, and sustainable solutions to integrate domain knowledge into RE processes. [Conclusion] The study contributes by providing a comprehensive overview that helps to build a conceptual and methodological foundation for knowledge-driven requirements engineering.
Sonja M. Hyrynsalmi, Grischa Liebel, Ronnie de Souza Santos
et al.
The discipline of software engineering (SE) combines social and technological dimensions. It is an interdisciplinary research field. However, interdisciplinary research submitted to software engineering venues may not receive the same level of recognition as more traditional or technical topics such as software testing. For this paper, we conducted an online survey of 73 SE researchers and used a mixed-method data analysis approach to investigate their challenges and recommendations when publishing interdisciplinary research in SE. We found that the challenges of publishing interdisciplinary research in SE can be divided into topic-related and reviewing-related challenges. Furthermore, while our initial focus was on publishing interdisciplinary research, the impact of current reviewing practices on marginalized groups emerged from our data, as we found that marginalized groups are more likely to receive negative feedback. In addition, we found that experienced researchers are less likely to change their research direction due to feedback they receive. To address the identified challenges, our participants emphasize the importance of highlighting the impact and value of interdisciplinary work for SE, collaborating with experienced researchers, and establishing clearer submission guidelines and new interdisciplinary SE publication venues. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the current state of the SE research community and how we could better support interdisciplinary research in our field.
In this short paper, we explore the enrichment of event logs with data from wearable devices. We discuss three approaches: (1) treating wearable data as event attributes, linking them directly to individual events, (2) treating wearable data as case attributes, using aggregated day-level scores, and (3) introducing new events derived from wearable data, such as sleep episodes or physical activities. To illustrate these approaches, we use real-world data from one person, matching health data from a smartwatch with events extracted from a digital calendar application. Finally, we discuss the technical and conceptual challenges involved in integrating wearable data into process mining for personal productivity and well-being.
In this paper, T-joints of Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo titanium alloy were joined with friction stir welding, and microstructure evolution and forming mechanism were studied. The effect of using tungsten inert gas welding to heat additionally the FSW was investigated. Results show a strong effection microstructure of stir zone (SZ) due to the temperature gradient and fast cooling rate. The top and middle sections of SZ have a basketweave microstructure, while there is duplex microstructure at the bottom. When welding at 750 rpm-50 mm/min, the maximum tensile strength of the joint is similar to that of the base metal (BM). As the heat input increases, grain coarsening occurs, which reduces the joint tensile strength and the ability to plastically deform. The fracture mode changes from mixed fracture to ductile one. When TIG-assisted heat source is 20 mm in front of the tool and the power input is in 600 W, the temperature field produced is relatively uniform, which has a positive effect on the weld.
Ignjatović Dragan, Đurđevac-Ignjatović Lidija, Tašić Dušan
et al.
The applicability and purpose of the micro-reinforced concrete is such that they are made according to the special systems and recipes with the addition of additives, fibers or additives and fibers, which should provide the concrete with the most optimal properties for each of the specific cases of use. The micro-reinforced concrete with polypropylene fibers is used for shotcrete, in the remedial mortars, for making floors, in plaster mortars, to improve the fire resistance and so on. A compressive strength is one of the physical and mechanical characteristics, that is partially mentioned in this paper.
In order to accurately predict the flow stress of Mg-Zn-Zr-Y alloy at high temperature, the hot compression test of Mg-Zn-Zr-Y alloy was carried out on Gleeble-1500 thermal / mechanical simulator. The deformation temperature was 523 K, 573 K, 623 K, and the strain rate was 0,01 ~ 1 s<sup>-1</sup>. By obtaining the true stress-strain curve, the strain compensation factor Z parameter was introduced into the Arrhenius equation to establish a more accurate strain coupling constitutive model. The results show that the theoretical value of the peak stress calculated by the constitutive model is in good agreement with the experimental results, and the average relative error is 5,67 %, which verifies the feasibility of the model.
Abdelrahman I. Hosny, J. Sheikh-Ahmad, F. Almaskari
et al.
The joining of aluminum alloy 5052 (AA5052) and polypropylene (PP) by friction lap welding (FLW) was investigated under different process temperature conditions. Welding experiments were conducted at different tool rotational speeds, and the process temperatures were monitored using an infrared camera and thermocouples. The temperature distribution at the cross-section was determined using a validated numerical model. The joint quality was assessed by measuring tensile shear strength and examining the joint morphology. It was found that interfacial temperatures in the range of 156 °C–316 °C were optimal for achieving effective mechanical interlocking, attributed to the appropriate flow of molten PP into the textured aluminum alloy surface. Temperatures below 130 °C resulted in inadequate PP flow, leading to poor joint formation, while temperatures above 316 °C caused over-melting of PP, bubble formation, and approached the PP initial decomposition limit. Raman spectroscopy showed that the process temperatures did not cause significant chemical bonding and that mechanical interlocking was the main contributing joining mechanism. The results showed that dissimilar welding of metals and non-polar polymers can be optimized by the precise monitor and control of the temperature of the process.
Traditional requirements engineering tools do not readily access the SysML-defined system architecture model, often resulting in ad-hoc duplication of model elements that lacks the connectivity and expressive detail possible in a SysML-defined model. Without that model connectivity, requirement quality can suffer due to imprecision and inconsistent terminology, frustrating communication during system development. Further integration of requirements engineering activities with MBSE contributes to the Authoritative Source of Truth while facilitating deep access to system architecture model elements for V&V activities. The Model-Based Structured Requirement SysML Profile was extended to comply with the INCOSE Guide to Writing Requirements updated in 2023 while conforming to the ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148 standard requirement statement templates. Rules, Characteristics, and Attributes were defined in SysML according to the Guide to facilitate requirements definition and requirements V&V. The resulting SysML Profile was applied in two system architecture models at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, allowing us to explore its applicability and value in real-world project environments. Initial results indicate that INCOSE-derived Model-Based Structured Requirements may rapidly improve requirement expression quality while complementing the NASA Systems Engineering Handbook checklist and guidance, but typical requirement management activities still have challenges related to automation and support with the system architecture modeling software.
Sayan Chatterjee, Ching Louis Liu, Gareth Rowland
et al.
The increasing popularity of AI, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), has significantly impacted various domains, including Software Engineering. This study explores the integration of AI tools in software engineering practices within a large organization. We focus on ANZ Bank, which employs over 5000 engineers covering all aspects of the software development life cycle. This paper details an experiment conducted using GitHub Copilot, a notable AI tool, within a controlled environment to evaluate its effectiveness in real-world engineering tasks. Additionally, this paper shares initial findings on the productivity improvements observed after GitHub Copilot was adopted on a large scale, with about 1000 engineers using it. ANZ Bank's six-week experiment with GitHub Copilot included two weeks of preparation and four weeks of active testing. The study evaluated participant sentiment and the tool's impact on productivity, code quality, and security. Initially, participants used GitHub Copilot for proposed use-cases, with their feedback gathered through regular surveys. In the second phase, they were divided into Control and Copilot groups, each tackling the same Python challenges, and their experiences were again surveyed. Results showed a notable boost in productivity and code quality with GitHub Copilot, though its impact on code security remained inconclusive. Participant responses were overall positive, confirming GitHub Copilot's effectiveness in large-scale software engineering environments. Early data from 1000 engineers also indicated a significant increase in productivity and job satisfaction.
K. V. Nikitin, S. S. Zhatkin, D. G. Chernikov
et al.
The paper proposes and experimentally tests a new method of welding aluminum alloys with simultaneous magnetic‑pulse treatment (MPT) of the liquid and solidifying metal of the welding pool. The results of investigations on semi‑automatic welding of AD1N aluminum alloy with MPT of the molten pool are presented. The influence of welding and magnetic‑pulse treatment modes on the structure and physico‑mechanical properties of the weld zones is investigated. The research data is presented in the range of discharge energy variation from 250 to 500 J and pulse numbers from 23–24. The results show that the influence of the pulsed magnetic field with discharge energy of 350 and 500 J leads to an increase in material hardness. It is shown that welding with simultaneous MPT in these modes results in structure refinement and the formation of a textured zone with elongated grains at the border with the heat‑affected zone.
There is an increasing need to assess the correct behavior of self-adaptive and self-healing systems due to their adoption in critical and highly dynamic environments. However, there is a lack of systematic evaluation methods for self-adaptive and self-healing systems. We proposed CHESS, a novel approach to address this gap by evaluating self-adaptive and self-healing systems through fault injection based on chaos engineering (CE) [ arXiv:2208.13227 ]. The artifact presented in this paper provides an extensive overview of the use of CHESS through two microservice-based case studies: a smart office case study and an existing demo application called Yelb. It comes with a managing system service, a self-monitoring service, as well as five fault injection scenarios covering infrastructure faults and functional faults. Each of these components can be easily extended or replaced to adopt the CHESS approach to a new case study, help explore its promises and limitations, and identify directions for future research. Keywords: self-healing, resilience, chaos engineering, evaluation, artifact