Hasil untuk "Manufacturing industries"

Jay Lee, M. Azamfar, Jaskaran Singh

Abstract Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPSs) are complex manufacturing systems which aim to integrate and synchronize machine world and manufacturing facility to the cyber computational space. However, having intensive interconnectivity and a computational platform is crucial for real-world implementation of CPPSs. In this paper, the potential impacts of blockchain technology in development and realization of real-world CPPSs are discussed. A unified three-level blockchain architecture is proposed as a guideline for researchers and industries to clearly identify the potentials of blockchain and adapt, develop, and incorporate this technology with their manufacturing developments towards Industry 4.0.

Ruowen Tu, Hyun Chan Kim, Henry A. Sodano

Additive manufacturing (AM) of lightweight, high-performance engineering polymers is an important research focus in the automotive, electronics and aerospace industries. Aramid material is a highly crystalline polymer in the form of fibers with superior mechanical and thermal properties than most high-performance thermoplastics used in AM. However, manufacturing all-aramid 3D structures has been challenging due to the processing difficulty of aramid. In this work, AM of all-aramid 3D structures is achieved by two approaches: simultaneous protonation and precipitation printing of aramid nanofiber (ANF) colloids, and precipitation printing of aramid/sulfuric acid liquid crystalline solutions. After comparison, the ANF approach proves superior to the sulfuric acid method, offering enhanced printability, greater mechanical strength in the printed parts, and improved capability for microstructure customization. Specifically, the dense all-aramid structures produced through the ANF approach exhibit exceptional mechanical properties, with a Young’s modulus of 7.2 GPa and a tensile strength of 146.6 MPa, outperforming other unfilled, high-performance polymers manufactured through AM. These structures are also capable of withstanding extreme environments, including temperatures up to 350 °C. Therefore, high-performance all-aramid 3D structures can be realized via ANF-based precipitation 3D printing, which can be used as lightweight structural or heat protection parts in aircraft and automotive systems.

Wenwen Xiao, Xianshun Fu, Wenhao Song et al.

The construction industry is an important material production sector of the national economy, and trade in goods and services between different industrial sectors in different regions may result in the transfer of embodied carbon emissions from the construction industry. A systematic identification of the relationships and structural characteristics of the embodied carbon transfer in the construction industry is crucial for rationally defining the responsibility for emission reduction and scientifically formulating emission reduction policies to promote the effective promotion of China’s carbon emission reduction actions. Based on the calculation of input-output theory, this study constructs a multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model of 31 provinces in China containing 28 industries to estimate the carbon emissions of the construction industry in 2017, it also combines the complex network theory to construct the industrial and regional embodied carbon transfer network of China’s construction industry, and calculates the network structure indexes to deeply explore the spatial transfer network structure characteristics of the embodied carbon transfer between regions of China’s construction industry in 2017. The results show that the construction, energy and building materials manufacturing sectors are at the core of the sectoral carbon transfer network structure, with strong network control. The embodied carbon transfer network between regions in the construction industry has a small-world character, more than 40% of all relevant regions have carbon transfer relationships with other regions, significant carbon emissions are transferred from the resource-rich, industrially well-endowed central-western and north-eastern provinces to the economically developed south-eastern coastal provinces. According to the results of the study, differentiated carbon emission reduction plans are formulated, and policy suggestions for optimizing the carbon emission reduction plan of the construction industry are put forward.

Nelson Mwesiga Ishengoma

While there have been numerous studies in the occupational safety and health hazards (OSHHs’) domain in the heavy and beleaguered manufacturing industries, where men are quantitatively dominant, the same level of attention has not been accorded to lighter and small-medium enterprises such as the fish processing subsector, where most women sell their labour-power. This apathy is the failure to acknowledge the existence of numerous OSHHs and their gendered-differentiated effects in such spaces. This paper demonstrates how women got affected in less considered environments, particularly the fish processing subsector. The findings used in this paper were obtained from the study conducted in the five fish processing plants (FPPs) in Tanzania, which involved 157 respondents. Questionnaires, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and observations were used to collect data. Findings revealed that women in the FPPs were confronted with various OSHHs emanating from the physical, environmental, mental, psychological, and cultural domains that significantly affected their health in the short and long run. Thus, a gender-based analysis in studying, recommending, and addressing OSHHs is highly recommended.

Youhua MO, Ting XU, Shidi MENG et al.

BackgroundThe severity of occupational injury in countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, and Germany is usually analyzed using lost workdays, but in existing occupational injury surveillance research in China, the application of this index is rare. ObjectiveTo evaluate the application value of lost workdays in non-fatal occupational injury surveillance, and provide a reference for the construction of occupational injury surveillance index system. MethodsThe public data of European Statistics on Accidents at Work (ESAW) from 2010 to 2019 on non-fatal injury accidents in 27 member states of the European Union were used. Non-fatal occupational injury is defined as an injury event during occupational activities or at work resulting a victim's absence from work for ≥4 d. According to the European Statistics on Accidents at Work-Summary methodology, the lost workdays were divided into 8 categories (4-6 d, 7-13 d, 14-20 d, 21-30 d, 31-91 d, 92-182 d, 183 d and above, and unknown). Annual percentage change (APC) and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) were used to evaluate the overall trend changes in the incidence rate of non-fatal occupational injury accidents in different lost workdays from 2010 to 2019, and the non-fatal occupational injury accidents in key industries. The characteristics of the occurrence of non-fatal occupational injuries were analyzed in conjunction with the changes in non-fatal occupational injuries in different lost workdays in the industry. ResultsFrom 2010 to 2019, the overall incidence of non-fatal occupational injury accidents in the European Union showed a downward trend, and the AAPC was −1.0% (P<0.05). The accident rates of lost workdays of 4-6 d and 92-182 d showed an upward trend, and the AAPC were 7.9% and 5.8% respectively (P<0.05). The average annual accident rates of non-fatal occupational injuries (≥4 d) in Categories C (manufacturing industry), E (water supply, sewage treatment, waste management and remediation), and F (construction industry) showed a linear downward trend, and the AAPC were −3.0%, −2.5%, and −1.5%, respectively (P<0.05). However, among them, the rate of non-fatal occupational injury accidents with 92-182 d of lost workdays in the manufacturing industry showed a significant upward trend, with an AAPC of 3.7% (P<0.001). ConclusionUsing lost workdays combined with APC and AAPC by Join-point linear regression analysis can measure the severity and trend changes of non-fatal occupational injury accidents in different industries and different lost workdays. This indicator has an important practical significance in evaluating the effectiveness of occupational injury prevention and control strategies adopted by countries and enterprises.

Vladimir V. Stroev, Alexey I. Tikhonov

In the research article, the authors consider the main proposals for the implementation of the state sectoral policy in the field of import substitution of information technologies and systems (ITiS) at high-tech enterprises in the aircraft industry in modern innovative and financial conditions. For this, the main features of aircraft manufacturing enterprises that are part of the United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) were considered from the point of view of automating their typical business processes, where the implementation of the state industry policy in the field of import substitution is supposed to be implemented. The authors carried out an organizational and economic analysis of the Russian ITiS market, as well as formulated the main measures and procedures that should be implemented at high-tech aircraft manufacturing enterprises within the framework of the state sectoral policy in the field of import substitution. The article also considers an example of the implementation of the Russian information system in the development of a project for the automation of production accounting at the head enterprise of the UAC as part of the implementation of this policy. Purpose – determination of methods and techniques for automating typical business processes of aircraft manufacturing enterprises through the use of domestic information technologies and systems as part of the implementation of the state industry policy in the field of import substitution of information and communication technologies. Methodology. The article used methods of empirical research, information-logical and expert methods, as well as methods of analogy and comparison. Results. The most informative parameters were obtained, showing the economic feasibility and effectiveness of the introduction of domestic information technologies and systems at aircraft manufacturing enterprises as part of the implementation of the state sectoral policy in the field of import substitution of information and communication technologies. Practical implications. The obtained results should be applied not only at the enterprises of the UAC aircraft industry, but also at the enterprises of other high-tech industries of the State Corporation Rostec, where automation of the main standard business processes is an important component of their further development.

Bolin ZHANG, Hua HONG, Tianqiu WANG et al.

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are the primary air pollutant in China. The iron and steel industries have become the primary industrial sources of NOx emissions in China. The NOx emissions from iron and steel industries account for 27.3% of all industrial NOx emissions from sources nationwide, surpassing thermal power generation and cement manufacturing. Over the past ten years, China’s iron and steel industry has achieved tremendous results in flue gas desulfurization, but a huge gap in denitrogenate (deNOx) still remains. In 2019, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and other departments jointly issued “Opinions on Promoting the Implementation of Ultra-low Emission in the Iron and Steel Industry”, which promoted the retrofitting of ultra-low emission in the iron and steel industry. Sintering, pelleting, coking, and other processes are the focus of retrofitting for NOx emissions. Because their low-temperature flue gas contains several contaminants that differ from the flue gas of thermal power plants, they cannot completely copy the existing deNOx technology for the coal-fired boiler flue gas of thermal power plants. At present, selective catalytic reduction (SCR), activated carbon (AC) adsorption catalysis, ozone (O3) oxidation and absorption, and other technologies are used in sintering, pelleting, and coking processes. These technologies have achieved good results. Herein, we investigated the existing flue gas deNOx technologies for sintering, pelleting, and coking processes in iron and steel industries and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of SCR technology, AC adsorption catalysis, and O3 oxidation and absorption technologies. The SCR technology has high efficiency and reliable performance, but the operation process requires heating of the flue gas, which uses large amounts of blast furnace gas or coking oven gas, and the service life of the catalyst is typically approximately three years. The waste SCR catalysts are recognized as HW50 hazardous waste. AC adsorption catalytic technology can simultaneously desulfurize and deNOx; its operating temperature is low without flue gas reheating. The by-product of H2SO4 can be utilized, and the waste AC produced can be directly used for sintering or coking, while its deNOx efficiency is low. O3 oxidation and absorption technologies have a low initial investment cost and require little floor space. However, their operating cost is relatively high, and the coabsorption of NOx and SO2 makes the desulfurization ash mixed with nitrate, which increases the difficulty of comprehensive utilization. Finally, we analyzed the application possibilities of SCR and other technologies, providing a reference for the development and selection of deNOx technologies for flue gas from the iron and steel industry.

Andhyka Tyaz Nugraha, Yusro Hakimah, Agung Masyad Fawzi

Abstract The aims of study are to analyze and evaluate the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) performance before, during, and after the official announcement day on March 2nd, 2020. Five industry sectors were observed, i.e agriculture, property, manufacture, consumer, and mining sector. Event study analysis method is used to value the short-term influence of the announcement day on the selected stock market performance in Indonesia. The findings of the study indicated that manufacturing and consumer sectors had better stock performance with positive results of their abnormal return, unlike the agriculture and property sectors which showed the opposite result of their stock performance. The stock performance in the mining sector remained stable even after the announcement day. Indonesian Government, particularly the companies’ management, is expected to pay more attention to the aggrieved industries because of the negative effect of outbreaks, especially on the agriculture and property sector.   Keywords: COVID-19, Event Study, Abnormal Return, Stock Performance, Indonesia Stock Exchange   Pandemi COVID-19 dan Kinerja Pasar Saham Indonesia: Analisis Studi Peristiwa  Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengevaluasi dampak wabah COVID-19 terhadap kinerja Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) sebelum, selama, dan setelah hari pengumuman resmi pada tanggal 2 Mei 2020. Lima sektor industri yang diamati yaitu sektor pertanian, properti, manufaktur, konsumen, dan pertambangan. Kami menggunakan metode analisis studi peristiwa dalam penelitian ini untuk menilai pengaruh jangka pendek hari pengumuman terhadap kinerja pasar saham terpilih di Indonesia. Hasil studi empiris menunjukkan bahwa sektor konsumen dan manufaktur memiliki kinerja saham yang lebih baik dengan hasil yang positif dari abnormal return-nya, tidak seperti sektor properti dan pertanian yang menunjukkan hasil sebaliknya dari kinerja sahamnya. Kinerja saham di sektor pertambangan tetap stabil bahkan setelah hari pengumuman. Pemerintah Indonesia, khususnya manajemen perusahaan, diharapkan lebih memperhatikan industri yang dirugikan akibat dampak negatif wabah, terutama pada sektor pertanian dan properti.   Kata kunci: COVID-19, Studi Peristiwa, Abnormal Return, Kinerja Saham, Bursa Efek Indonesia.

Jing Liang, Ning Jia, Feiruo Zhang et al.

Abstract Background Changes in modern industrial production practices can easily lead to shoulder work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD). The current reports on shoulder WMSD are limited to some industries are less well studied, and the sample size is usually small. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and severity of shoulder WMSD in a large sample of Chinese workers from 15 industries, analyze the possible correlations with sociodemographic and work-related variables, and compare the differences between industries. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 55,749 participants from 252 enterprises in 15 industries throughout China. A Chinese version of the musculoskeletal disease questionnaire was used to collect the demographic factors, shoulder symptoms in past 12 months, and work-related factors including posture-related factors, repetition, vibration, work organization, job control, and environmental factors as independent variables. Descriptive statistics were used, and the binary logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the association between shoulder WMSD and potential demographic and work-related factors. Results Nearly 35.5% of participants reported shoulder pain and discomfort in the previous 12 months. Biopharmaceutical manufacturing (56.2%), medical services (54.4%), and aviation services (50.1%) were the three industries with the highest prevalence of shoulder WMSD. The pain score of aviation services workers was the highest. The related factors for shoulder WMSD varied among the different industries. Conclusion Our study found a relatively high prevalence of shoulder WMSD in China. There were large differences in the prevalence of shoulder WMSD among industries, and the related factors were particular to each industry. Such information is useful to help occupational health practitioners and policymakers conduct preventive programs to reduce shoulder disorders in these working populations.

Azusa Oita, Kiwamu Katagiri, Tetsuya Eguchi et al.

Agro-food systems require nutrient input from several sources to provide food products and food-related services. Many of the nutrients are lost to the environment during supply chains, potentially threatening human and ecosystem health. Countries therefore need to reduce their nutrient/nitrogen footprints. These footprints are importantly affected by links between sectors. However, existing assessments omit the links between sectors, especially between the agriculture, manufacturing, and energy sectors. We propose a novel approach called the nutrient-extended input–output (NutrIO) method to determine the nutrient footprint as a sum of direct and indirect inputs throughout the supply chains from different sources of nutrients. The NutrIO method is based on a nutrient-based material flow analysis linked to economic transactions. Applying this method, we estimated the nitrogen footprint of Japan in 2011 at 21.8 kg-N capita ^−1 yr ^−1 : 9.7 kg-N capita ^−1 yr ^−1 sourced from new nitrogen for agriculture and fisheries, 7.0 kg-N capita ^−1 yr ^−1 from recycled nitrogen as organic fertilizers, and 5.1 kg-N capita ^−1 yr ^−1 from industrial nitrogen for chemical industries other than fertilizers. A further annexed 55.4 kg-N capita ^−1 yr ^−1 of unintended nitrogen input was sourced from fossil fuels for energy production. The nitrogen intensity of the wheat and barley cultivation sector, at 1.50 kg-N per thousand Japanese yen (JPY) production, was much higher than that of the 0.12 kg-N per thousand JPY production for the rice cultivation sector. Industrial nitrogen accounted for 2%–7% of the nitrogen footprint of each major food-related sector. The NutrIO nitrogen footprint sourced from new nitrogen for agriculture and fisheries, at 8.6 kg-N capita ^−1 yr ^−1 for domestic final products, is comparable to the food nitrogen footprint calculated by other methods, at 8.5–10.5 kg-N capita ^−1 yr ^−1 . The NutrIO method provides quantitative insights for all stakeholders of food consumption and production to improve the nutrient use efficiencies of agro-food supply chains.

Jack Mintz, Philip Bazel

Canada is already at a disadvantage with lagging growth and productivity even before the massive economic destruction caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Before the pandemic hit, Canada’s corporate tax system was already becoming uncompetitive in attracting highly profitable investments relative to other developed countries. Canada’s general corporate tax rate, averaging 26.1 per cent, is within spitting distance of the highest rates in the OECD. While some industries may benefit from special preferences, the corporate tax has become increasingly inefficient and complex with targeted measures, and in some cases impeding the allocation of capital to growth industries like communications and services. This was having a serious effect on Canada’s economic health before COVID-19. Business investment in Canada has lagged that of many countries since 2015, well before the pandemic. Productivity has been weak and wages for workers have been depressed, particularly for unskilled labour. Additionally, the corporate tax system currently distorts the allocation of capital in the economy, favouring some sectors over others. In fact, some of the sectors least-favoured by the tax system — including retail and tourism, which face an eight-point tax disadvantage compared to the government- favoured manufacturing sector — are the very ones that had the roughest time during the pandemic and face a more difficult road to recovery. If Canada is going to “build back better,” as some politicians claim to want, it will need investors willing to build things. That will require governments focusing on policies that stimulate economic growth, including tax reform. While it is politically popular for some parties to push for higher corporate tax rates, that won’t solve our investment problem. Some limited benefit can be realized by reducing tax rates and broadening the corporate base elsewhere but Canada’s unwieldy corporate income tax has become too serious for those measures to sufficiently address the problem. A broader approach to corporate tax reform will be required to ensure that Canada is able to recover to good economic health after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Alireza Hirad, Mehdi Faghani, Ahmad Pifeh et al.

Extended Abstract Abstract The purpose of this article is to design a model for monitoring the productivity of Iran's automotive industry. The research population of this research includes 11 managers and strategists of industrial companies in the field of research subject (automotive industry). In this article, an attempt has been made to identify the most effective indicators affecting the productivity of the automotive industry, and by using an interpretive structural approach, the importance of each in comparison with each other is determined and finally a model for continuous monitoring of their productivity is presented. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed through content and Holstie validity. To identify the indicators affecting the productivity of the automotive industry and to provide a practical model to achieve the desired level of it, two companies Saipa and Iran Khodro have been studied and as a result, using studies related to the productivity of those companies and using Opinions of experts working in it, sixteen indicators to increase production productivity in five dimensions were identified and reviewed. The relationships between these indicators have been determined based on an interpretive structural model and a new model has been systematically formulated and presented. The result of the article indicates the significant importance of obtaining certificates and standards related to the introduced industry and their periodic monitoring.     Introduction The automotive industry is a collection of the country's industries that use the most advanced technologies in the world. The automotive industry in our country can be a driving force for various economic sectors. Because this industry has a back and forth connection with many other industries. In terms of texture and structure of production and market formation; Automotive manufacturing in Iran is completely isolated from the global market competition and is over-supported by the government, and it can be said that automotive manufacturing in the world has all these possibilities. This has led to a bilateral monopoly on buying and selling, high car prices, low quality of products, pollution and high consumption of energy carriers in the country. Currently, transnational companies have full dominance in the global car market, and the automotive industry in the world is in the hands of a large number of major automakers. These transnational companies have reached their current position with the purchase and merger of other automakers in the world, as well as the establishment of assembly or parts manufacturing units in other countries, and in this competitive environment, many important and well-known global companies have not stopped competing. So it seems difficult to separate the car from this set. The most important reason for the integration and focus of the automotive industry is the economic scale; Because no other automaker with a low production scale is able to cover the costs of design and development, marketing and sales, and other items in this industry, and this issue has been considered in recent years in a way that is considered by the Iranian automotive industry; But it is not enough. Given that the increase in productivity and efficiency of this industry can lead to an increase in industrial production as a result of economic growth; Based on what has been said, this research will help us to develop effective long-term and medium-term strategies to improve productivity and ultimately the performance of these companies. Since in previous studies, the productivity of the automotive industry from an economic and accounting point of view has been studied, so the present research has addressed this issue from a managerial point of view. Case study The research community includes 11 managers and strategists of industrial companies selected in the field of research (automotive industry). Materials and Methods The method of data collection is structured by a questionnaire. Content validity (CVR) was used to ensure the validity of the questionnaire. This index is designed by Laushe. In this study, Holsti's method was used to calculate reliability. Structural-interpretive equation method was used to analyze the data.   Discussion and Results Obtaining standards and certificates including OHSAS and ISO and certificates related to quality and environmentally friendly and ... Also, monitoring these standards and certifications in the automotive industry is the most basic and most influential indicator in productivity, while according to Figure (2), this index has the highest influence and least dependence and its position is at the highest level of the chart. (1) is located. After that, the other two indicators, entitled Optimal Planning for Raw Materials Supply and Training of Personnel in this industry, are at the next level, and at its lower levels, the optimal choice of suppliers is to increase the ratio of construction projects that have been approved for the first time. May their influence gradually diminish. In the last level of ranking indicators, there are factors called customer satisfaction, reducing the amount of returned product from the customer, increasing the level of sales and increasing employee satisfaction and increasing the ability to succeed in tenders, which have been influenced by higher level indicators. These indicators in Figure (2) have a very high dependence on other indicators and are the result of achieving all indicators of levels higher than themselves. Conclusion In order to understand the relationships between levels and indicators that are extracted from the structural and interpretive modeling method, both output of the penetration power analysis chart - the dependence of the indicators and the final model should be considered. The above results do not mean that indicators or processes such as customer satisfaction and reducing the amount of returned product are less important than other indicators, but rather indicate their significant impact on other processes in the organization. Proper planning and optimal principles of supply and preparation of raw materials and goods and the use of standard production methods, which are constantly monitored and maintained, and having a trained and expert force and advanced machinery in itself cause significant customer satisfaction, Decreasing the amount of returned product from the customer, increasing the level of sales, increasing the level of employee satisfaction and ultimately increasing the success of tenders will be.

MITSUHIRO KAGAMI, AKIFUMI KUCHIKI

ABSTRACT New trends are now taking place within manufacturing industries led by multi-national corporations (MNCs). Globalization and liberalization together with the information technology (IT) revolution has accelerated “fables” industry in the network economy, i.e. outsourcing production processes and global parts procurement by MNCs. As a consequence of this, the primary function of the MNC has changed from that of manufacturer to ‘service’ provider by outsourcing production processes to foreign contract manufacturers (CMs). NAFTA in fact mutated Mexico into a production platform toward the US and Canada as well as Latin American countries. We can observe these dramatic changes, for instance, in Guadalajara in Mexico, now called the “Silicon Valley in the South”. Since MNCs use their brand names to sell products, their business function becomes close to that of the fashion industry. They market their products in the same way as Gucci and Chanel sell products of original design carrying their brand names. Therefore, product design and marketing become highly important for MNCs to achieve success in business while domestic providers have been left behind for their parts and components supply in this new global supply chain.

Nadezda Abramova, Natalia Grishchenko

Raghu Raja Pandiyan Kuppusamy, Satyajit Rout, Kaushik Kumar

Carlos A. Meza, Ediguer E. Franco, Joao L. Ealo

Laminated composites are widely used in applications when a high strength-to-weight ratio is required. Aeronautic, naval and automotive industries use these materials to reduce the weight of the vehicles and, consequently, fuel consumption. However, the fiber-reinforced laminated materials are anisotropic and the elastic properties can vary widely due to non-standardized manufacturing processes. The elastic characterization using mechanical tests is not easy, destructive and, in most cases, not all the elastic constants can be obtained. Therefore, alternative techniques are required to assure the quality of the mechanical parts and the evaluation of new materials. In this work, the implementation of the ultrasonic through-transmission technique and the characterization of some engineering materials is reported. Isotropic materials and laminated composites of carbon fiber and glass fiber in a polymer matrix were characterized by ultrasound and mechanical tests. An improved methodology for the transit time delay calculation is reported.

Soo Huey Teh, Thomas Wiedmann

Abstract This note presents a method to decompose life cycle inventories derived from integrated and mixed-unit hybrid life cycle assessment. The approach extends the decomposition method described by Wiedmann (Econ Struct 6:11, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40008-017-0072-0) by differentiating between impacts from industries, products and processes. The method can be used to quantify the cradle-to-sale impacts of products and processes in the final stage of manufacturing a particular product. We present such a decomposition for the example of life cycle inventories for different types of concrete and compare it to one where the life cycle inventories have been decomposed by origin.

Tian-Syung Lan, Kai-Chi Chuang, Yee-Ming Chen

Manufacturing industries are gradually changing to green production due to the increasing production cost. Reducing tool wear in production can not only decrease production cost but also the effect the environment. Thus, it becomes a crucial issue for the machining industry. This study investigates the optimal machining parameters for the computer numerical controlled turning process of S45C steel in minimizing tool wear. The correlation between control parameters (speed, cutting depth, and feed rate) and production quality were constructed by using semantic rules and fuzzy quantification. The Taguchi method was additionally employed to determine the optimal turning parameters. Under the consideration of environmental protection and tool cost, the optimal machining parameters were furthermore derived from the fuzzy semantic rules. The practicability of the optimal parameters was moreover verified through turning experiments. It is found that the proposed method in this study is appropriate and applicable to universal applications.

Mamatha Upadhya S., Mahesha, Raju C.S.K.

In the present paper, the flow of an incompressible, electrically conducting dusty fluid over a stretching sheet is considered. The Cattaneo- Christov heat flux theory is employed to control the thermal boundary layer. The flow equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (NODEs) and which are solved with help of Runge-Kutta 4th order method. Flow equations are examined with respect to boundary conditions namely prescribed wall temperature (PWT) and prescribed heat flux (PHF) cases. In general PWT and PHF boundary conditions are very useful in the industrial as well as manufacturing up and down processes. Impact of the emerging parameters on the dimensionless velocity and temperature as well as friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are examined. We also validated my results with already available literature. It is found that the heat transfer rate of the flow in PWT case is higher than that of PHF case. These results can help us to conclude that for higher heating processes (Heating industries) PWT case and lesser heating processes (Cooling industries) PHF boundary condition is useful.

Margareth Aparecida Moraes, Vanessa Theis, Margarete Blume Vier et al.

Resumo   Com a existência de um limite entre o esgotamento dos recursos naturais e do crescimento econômico, evidencia-se a necessidade de encontrar meios para compatibilizar a conservação ambiental e o crescimento econômico. Nesse cenário, desponta a gestão ambiental, que visa reduzir os impactos causados ao meio ambiente advindos das atividades econômicas das empresas. Cumpre destacar que a geração de resíduos se apresenta como aspecto indissociável do processo industrial, que demanda investimentos para a sua adequada destinação final. Nesse contexto, o objetivo com este trabalho foi analisar os custos ambientais relacionados com a gestão de resíduos em indústrias químicas localizadas na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Os dados foram coletados por meio de uma pesquisa survey com gestores de 36 empresas da unidade de análise. As evidências coletadas facultaram a constatação de que os resíduos representam a maior parte dos passivos ambientais nas empresas investigadas. Além disso, grande parte dos respondentes declarou que nas empresas que desenvolvem suas atividades, os passivos são tratados por meio da comercialização dos resíduos gerados pelo processo produtivo, a fim de obter receita adicional. De acordo com 24 respondentes, os resíduos sólidos gerados em um processo produtivo são reaproveitados na produção de outro produto, e os gestores que responderam que não conseguem sequer gerar receita adicional, via comercialização de resíduos, tampouco aproveitar resíduos na fabricação de outro produto, alegaram dificuldade operacional para viabilizar o referido modelo, ou falta de organização interna para mapear os resíduos sólidos gerados no processo. Palavras-chave: Gestão de resíduos. Custos ambientais. Indústria química.   Abstract   With the existence of a limit between the exhaustion of natural resources and the economic growth, it is highlighted the need to find ways to reconcile environmental conservation and economic growth. In this scenario, comes up environmental management, which aims to reduce the impacts to the environment arising from the economic activities of enterprises. It should be noted that the generation of waste is presented as an inseparable aspect from the manufacturing process, which requires investments for its proper disposal. In this context, the aim of this study was to analyze the environmental costs related to waste management in chemical industries located in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre. The data were collected through a survey research with managers of 36 companies unit analysis. Evidence collected provided the realization that the waste represent most of the environmental damage in the investigated companies. In addition, most respondents stated that in companies that develop their activities, liabilities are treated through the marketing of waste generated by the production process in order to obtain additional revenue. According to 24 respondents, the solid waste generated in a production process are reused in the production of another product, and the managers who responded that they cannot even generate additional revenue via marketing waste, either take advantage of waste in the manufacture of another product, alleged operational difficulty to enable that model, or lack of internal organization to map the solid waste generated in the process. Keywords: Wastes. Environmental economics. Chemical industry.