Hasil untuk "Industrial safety. Industrial accident prevention"

Hanna Anisimova

Jacquelyn Schreck, Gerald Matthews, Jinchao Lin et al.

Nuclear power plants increasingly utilize digitalized systems, including computer-based procedures (CBPs) and automation. These novel technologies require human factors’ evaluation to ensure safety. Potentially, automation contributes to safety by reducing workload, but automation may also induce a loss of situation awareness and trust miscalibration. The current study investigated workload during a simulated nuclear power plant (NPP) emergency operation procedure (EOP) executed using a CBP supported by automation. Two levels of automation (LOA) were compared within subjects: management-by-consent (lower LOA) and management-by-exception (higher LOA). Subjective workload and trust were assessed, together with objective psychophysiological and performance-based workload measures. LOA effects varied across the different workload measures. The hypothesis that workload would be reduced at the higher LOA was confirmed for a behavioral measure (secondary task response time). However, other metrics, including instantaneous self-assessment (ISA) and heart rate variability (HRV), showed increased workload at the higher LOA. Different LOAs may produce differing operator strategies that require multivariate workload assessment to evaluate. Effect sizes for the impact of LOA on workload were indexed by Cohen’s <i>d</i>. Several of these effect sizes were in the 0.4–0.6 range, indicating effects of medium magnitude. In addition, subjective workload data were compared with those from a previous study that simulated conventional NPP operations. As anticipated, workload tended to be lower with the automated procedure. The study suggests future directions for human factors research on plant modernization.

Marwan Babiker

Golnush Jahromi Rajabi, Razieh KeshavarzFard

Background and objective Natural and human-made disasters have long-term, negative, and sometimes irreparable impacts and consequences. Proper response to these disasters requires effective management of relief services. Influential parties in such operations include humanitarian organizations, donors, and the government. One of the solutions to increase performance in emergency and humanitarian supply chains is to utilize the capacities of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This study aims to present a collaborative model based on game theory that examines the cooperation between donors, humanitarian organizations, the government, and NGOs.  Method The collaborative model is designed based on the problem of maximum coverage of damaged areas caused by a natural disaster. By considering the number and diversity of players, it takes into account the extent of the disaster and the number of affected areas in relief assistance. It also considers the quality of relief services and the competence of NGOs. This can allow for a default order to prioritize qualified NGOs with the required capacities in the event of a disaster. The developed model was solved using a hypothetical numerical example and GAMS software, and underwent a sensitivity analysis. Results The results obtained from the model provide valuable insights into the optimal actions of each player in the humanitarian supply chain during a disaster. This model takes into account the capacities and capabilities of each player, as well as the quality of services provided by the private sector, allowing for more efficient allocation of resources and ensuring maximum coverage of affected areas. The model also considers qualitative assessments conducted in the pre-disaster period and allows for prioritization of qualified NGOs during a disaster. This can significantly improve the effectiveness of disaster management efforts. Conclusion The collaborative model is designed based on the problem of maximum coverage of damaged areas caused by a natural disaster. By considering the number and diversity of players, it takes into account the extent of the disaster and the number of affected areas in relief assistance. This can significantly improve the effectiveness of disaster management efforts. It also considers the quality of relief services and the competence of NGOs.

Mustafa Hmoudah, Delia-Maria Gligor, Zoltán Török

Urbanization and industrial activities are responsible for the increasing quantities of wastes each year leading to environmental and health consequences. Wastes are also generated from household, commercial, agricultural or medical activities industrial, mining or metallurgical sectors. Hazardous wastes can be identified as any solid, liquid, or gaseous waste that, in its chemical and physical characteristics, represents a potential harm to human health and/or the environment. Therefore, it requires specific management, such as compliance with the EU Waste Framework Directive for waste prevention and reduction. This study explores the hazardous waste management process to identify potential hazards during the treatment phase. It analyses the risk to the population using the qualitative preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) method and performs consequence analysis using Effects modelling software. The results of the PHA indicate a low to moderate risk, if specific safety measures are applied. The most severe accident scenario may result in reversible effects outside the establishment over short distances. These analyses can support decision-making in land-use and emergency planning procedures.

Bogdan Kołcz

Aim: The article presents issues concerning selected formal and legal elements in the field of emergency plans relating to administrative authorities, plant operators and the State Fire Service. In this context a review of legal acts concerning the functioning of the system of preventing major industrial accidents was made. The subject was based on the provisions of the European Union law and national regulations in the field of environmental law and executive acts indicating the need to supplement them in the task area and to implement uniform principles in the issue of actions taken. Introduction: The main objective of the accident prevention system is to limit, eliminate and remove the effects of a major accident, therefore the public administration and operators of establishments should ensure effective and efficient actions to save life, health, property and the environment. The tasks of preventing, combating and removing the effects of an accident are performed to various degrees by the operators of establishments, administrative bodies, rescue entities, which are conditioned, on the one hand, by legal regulations and, on the other hand, by the organisational capabilities of executive teams. Therefore, it is justified to review legal regulations and to present selected tasks concerning prevention of major accidents in relation to administration bodies, rescue entities and operators of establishments responsible for combating and removing effects of a major accident. Project and methods: The article was developed using a comparative and descriptive analysis of selected elements from legal acts and a review of the literature on the subject. With reference to selected elements of safety against major industrial accidents, empirical research was undertaken using a diagnostic survey method. Methodology: W artykule wykorzystano analizę porównawczo-opisową wybranych elementów z aktów prawnych oraz przeglądu literatury przedmiotu. Odnosząc się w tym zakresie do wybranych elementów bezpieczeństwa wobec przeciwdziałania poważnym awariom przemysłowym, podjęto badania empiryczne, wykorzystując metodę sondażu diagnostycznego. Results: ratowniczego poprzez ujęcie zapisu zadaniowego określającego sposób zwalczania poważnej awarii w przypadku wystąpienia zdarzenia w zakładzie dużego ryzyka. Powyższe uwarunkowania organizacyjno-zadaniowe wskazują co najmniej na potrzebę stworzenia w odpowiedniej formie wytycznych jako rozwiązania alternatywnego w przypadku, gdyby wprowadzenie postulowanych zmian legislacyjnych z różnych względów było niemożliwe. Wskazano również, że zasadne jest wdrożenie w zakładzie poradnika jednolitych „zasad podejmowanych czynności ratowniczych podczas poważnych awarii” tworzonych w oparciu o wymagania ogólne zawarte w przepisie wykonawczym w sprawie opracowania planów operacyjno-ratowniczych. Conclusions: The article points out the need to amend national implementing legislation on the development of an external emergency plan by including a task statement on how to deal with a major accident in the event of an accident at an upper-tier establishment. At the very least, the above organisational and task-related considerations point to the need to create guidelines in an appropriate form as an alternative solution in the event that the proposed legislative changes are not possible for various reasons. It is also advisable for the operators of an establishment to introduce, in the form of a guide, uniform “principles for rescue operations during major accidents”, based on the general requirements contained in the implementing regulation on the development of emergency plans. Keywords: State Fire Service, major accident, emergency plan, operator of a high risk establishment

M. S. Egorov, E. V. Fominov

Introduction. At the present stage of technology development, special importance is given to improving the efficiency and durability of machine parts and especially parts of assemblies operating under increased loads. The problem of increasing reliability in the conditions of intensification of production, energy and resource conservation poses the task of introducing new technological processes and the use of modern materials into production. Often, the weakest element in the «material – working» environment system, which determines the operating conditions and the resource of mechanisms, is the surface of the material. Therefore, an important role in increasing its wear resistance is played by coatings that protect parts from the destructive influence of working environments.Problem Statement. The main objective of the research is the development of technological modes for applying thermal coatings to the belt pulleys of the TORUM 750 combine harvester by Rostselmash, as well as the selection of optimal coatings to increase the durability and wear resistance of the pulley surface.Theoretical Part. As a theoretical description, the application of various coating options is analyzed, as well as the mathematical processing of experimental data on the adhesion strength between the aluminum surface and the coating material is considered.Conclusions. The studies carried out by the authors have shown that it is advisable to conduct thermal spraying on aluminum alloys of belt coatings on a heated substrate (preheating temperature from 210°C). In the case of spraying coatings on the rubbing surfaces of pulleys, the surfaces should be regularly cooled.

И. А. Гущин, Д. В. Софронов, В. Д. Смольников, И. А. Рымбаев

Z. G. Farakhutdinova, E. I. Bakhonina, N. V. Shutov

Introduction. Major projects in the oil refining industry require the involvement of contractors. Cooperation with qualified and responsible contractors can be considered as a competitive advantage, allowing timely delivery of objects with the proper level of quality and safety.Significant injury rates in contracting organizations operating at oil refining facilities attract attention. This leads to an interest in safety of working conditions in the industry. One of the approaches to solving the problem is to use the occupational health and safety management system in the interactions of the customer and the contractor.Problem Statement. The objective of this study is to improve the mechanism of rating contractors from the point of view of occupational and industrial safety.Theoretical Part. The paper uses the official statistical reports on injuries and the data on injuries of employees of contracting organizations at an oil refinery of a large Russian company. A mechanism for rating contractors in this area has been developed. It includes three sections with their own criteria and weight coefficients. The automatically generated and periodically updated rating is proposed to be placed in open access on the website of the Federal Service for Labor and Employment.Conclusions. The use of the proposed rating will allow customers working in the field of oil refining to reasonably judge the risks generated by the industrial safety system of potential contractors.

Valerii Krainov , Roman Hrozovskyi, I Novikova

Питання створення комплексної системи інформаційної безпеки органів управління військового призначення – важлива частина концепції впровадження нових інформаційних технологій в військову справу. В умовах збройної агресії російської федерації значно вирослі загрози інформаційній безпеці держави. Ключове завдання системи інформаційної безпеки забезпечити створення передумов для розвитку такого потенціалу інформаційної сфери України, за якого забезпечується її випереджальний розвиток, а зовнішні негативні впливи не створюють реальних небезпек національній інформаційній безпеці держави. Тому в скрутній економічній обстановці, яка склалася на сьогоднішній день в Україні, виключно актуальною стала проблема розумного, науково обґрунтованого та ефективного використання вкрай обмежених матеріальних ресурсів та пошук нових можливостей забезпечення інформаційної безпеки органів управління військового призначення з урахуванням переходу від традиційної форми подання системи захисту інформації до широкого розуміння інформаційної безпеки держави у сфері оборони в умовах воєнного стану. Суть нового уявлення полягає у реалізації комплексного підходу до розуміння інформаційної безпеки як сукупності основних напрямків захисту інформації, захисту від інформації та формування безпекового середовища в умовах воєнного стану. Це стосується і робіт по створенню, впровадженню та експлуатації комплексної системи інформаційної безпеки органів управління військового призначення. Особливого значення набуває необхідність обґрунтування вимог  до комплексної системи інформаційної безпеки органів управління військового призначення як на етапе проектування так і при створенні, впровадженні та експлуатації.

Rizqi Supramulyana Putra, Tya Nisvi Rahmadhani, Sho`im Hidayat

Introduction: Occupational stress is a body response that is present in the form of physiological, psychological, and behavioral responses to stressors in the work environment. If this condition is not handled properly, it will have a negative impact on workers, and it can reduce the level of health and cause several diseases. The purpose of this research was to determine the risk of occupational stress among nurses in the Emergency Room at Sosodoro Djatikoesoemodan Hospital and what factors were related to the risk of occupational stress. Methods: This research is a descriptive observational study with respondents consisting of 26 nurses in the Emergency Room at Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo Hospital. Data collection was done using questionnaires to measure the level of occupational stress risk of nurses, which included variables of individual worker’s characteristics and job characteristics. The data analysis in this study used the Spearman correlation. Results: The results showed that 15.4% of nurses had a low level of occupational stress risk, 69.2% had a moderate level of occupational stress risk, and 15.4% had a high level of occupational stress risk. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between social support and workload factors on the risk of occupational stress. Conclusion: Most of the nurses experienced moderate occupational stress. Gender, personality type, workload and mental demands were factors that were related to the risk of occupational stress and could increase the risk of occupational stress. Meanwhile, interpersonal conflict and job control were elements that were not related to the risk of occupational stress. Keywords: emergency room Sododoro Djatikoesomo hospital, nurses, risk of occupational stress

Rina Minohara, Yuichi Kobayashi, Hitomi Fujise et al.

Objectives: In Japan, as a result of legislation, the role of occupational physicians and the function of occupational health have been strengthened. Employers are now required to provide information to occupational physicians. This study explored what information occupational physicians considered should be available to them. Methods: We conducted a focus group discussion with eight professional occupational physicians and developed a draft list of the information that occupational physicians should obtain from employers. To assess the validity of the list, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 777 occupational physicians in the training and certification system of the Japan Society of Occupational Health. Results: We obtained valid responses from 155 occupational physicians. In total, over 80% agreed or somewhat agreed that all 24 categories were required, indicating that a consensus had been reached. In two of the eight categories for which fewer than 80% responded “agree”, more senior or specialized physicians were significantly more likely to respond “agree” than others. Conclusion: The results of the survey suggest specific experiences and systematic education influence decisions about whether certain types of information are considered necessary. Finally, based on the opinions in the open-ended section of the questionnaire, we recommend a list with 26 categories of information collecting from an employer. We believe the key to sharing information is to have a common understanding with employers and develop a good relationship so that additional information will be disclosed voluntarily. Occupational physicians need to be mindful of this need to develop relationships with employers.

М.А. Максимова

V. A. Senchenko, T. T. Kaverzneva, S. L. Pushenko et al.

Introduction. Modern construction is characterized by work at a height using stairs. The article presents various engineering solutions aimed at preventing injuries during such work.Problem Statement. The objective of this study is to compare the available engineering solutions aimed at preventing the upper part of the ladder from shifting when performing work at height.Theoretical Part. The work shows the ranking of the existing technical means that allow fixing the upper part of the ladder on the surface of the support and reducing the risk of sliding the upper part of the ladder on the support. It is shown that the structure fixed to the support has the least risk in ensuring the safety of work at height.Conclusion. The article defines the most promising directions of development of technical solutions against shifting the upper part of the ladder.

A. Sangamithra, P. Sindia

Workers in every occupation face a multitude of hazards in the work place occupational health and. Safety addresses the broad range of workplace hazards from accident prevention to the more insidious hazards, including toxic fumes, dust, noise, heat, stress, etc. Preventing workrelated diseases and accidents must be the goal of occupational health and safety programs. The occupational health service is a link in the work organization. Human life is high in the hierarchy of values for the health professions. Health is a major determinant of the quality of life. Societal values have greater importance in the world of labor, with its complex informal and formal social structures. The cultural values of both workers and the community at large have to be considered. Present-day technology is a valuable asset if its limitations are understood. Computers and their software already provide thoroughly tested systems of data recording, processing, retrieval, and analysis, obviating the need for other records and occupational health services. The occupational illness burden is growing at an increasing rate. The profile of occupational illness has also been modified over a period due to modernization, liberalization, and globalization. Trained human resources in the field of occupational health and safety are far below the requirement. Hence, there is an urgent need for framing suitable policy, developing newer strategies, and developing our knowledge about occupational health and safety measures. Traditional training in occupational health needs to be supplemented with modern techniques.

D. Sah, A. Mishra

Jute Industries are the first industrial setup in Nepal. Many historical and political events of Nepal are linked to the jute mills. Therefore, jute is one of the important sectors. Jute mills are labour oriented industries and more than twelve thousand workers including one thousand six hundred woman workers are directly involved in ten operational jute mills. Almost all the mills are situated only in Eastern Terai, namely Sunsari and Morang districts of Koshi zone.Jute mills are closing year by year may be the scarcity of raw materials, manpower and market demands. Due to hazardous nature of jute mill workers are not willing to work in these industries. The safety and health of the workers and their efficiency are reciprocal entities. Health and Safety measures not only result in reduced rate of industrial accidents but also raise the work productivity. The purpose of the study is to assess the potential accident prevention strategy for Jute Industries. Field based Action research was conducted. Accident due to machineries ,manual material handling ,poor housekeeping ,electricity, lack of maintenance and supervision , lack of Personal Protecting Equipment , fire , occupational stress also due to lack of safety culture were majour issues. Proper training and refresher training programs should be conducted to educate the workers as well as their supervisors particularly on occupational safety and health for ensuring regularly checked and maintained. All the moving drives i.e. belt drives, rollers and gear drivers should be properly guarded or fenced. Proper cable size and connection reduce the fire and electrocution. All machines should properly earth.

V. I. Bespalov, O. S. Gurova, A. N. Kabarukhina

The article is devoted to the analysis of physical essence of the process of air pollution reduction for the woodworking shop of the enterprise serving the objects of urban development, within the framework of physical and energy approach. According to this approach, wood dust is considered from the position of disperse systems theory, which changes its properties under the influence of external disperse systems. The whole process is gradually illustrated by a physical model of air pollution reduction process, as well as a scheme of transformation of the disperse system (dust aerosol) in the process of air pollution reduction.

Trajano Felipe Barrabas Xavier da Silva, Humberto Costa, Marcelo Ribeiro et al.

Solid waste production grows annually, reaching 2.2 billion tons per year in 2025. While in some developed countries more than 60% of the waste is sent to landfills, in developing countries the destination is still observed from waste to landfills or open burning, while concern about recycling remains without consolidated government actions or other mitigating actions. In countries such as Brazil, Colombia and Mexico, recycling is carried out by recyclers or urban recyclers, informal workers who take up this activity due to unemployment and poverty in these regions. Due to the problems involved in the entire collection and recycling process, it is essential to use technologies that favor the professional practice of collectors of recyclable materials, combining popular knowledge with scientific technical knowledge, social organization and society participation, of better health and occupational conditions for this range of society. Thus, a systematic review is proposed to identify the use of technologies that contribute to the improvement of the health and safety conditions of solid waste handlers after their conventional disposal. So, following the preferential reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P), this systematic review protocol was developed with the objective of presenting suitable guidelines for the development of a research that can provide results to meet the goal sought. Five databases will be accessed (SCOPUS, PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCOhost and Web of Science) and a total of 9 keyword combinations will be used.

Volodymyr Shemaiev, Ihor Liashenko, Serhii Stefantsev

При управлінні процесами в різних галузях, особливо в інформаційній сфері, досить часто виникає потреба в прийнятті рішення в слабко структурованих динамічних ситуаціях, коли параметри (значення змінних), закони та закономірності розвитку ситуації описуються не кількісно, а якісно. При цьому виникає унікальна ситуація, коли зміни її структури дуже важко передбачити. Тому в статті розглядаються питання використання експертами та аналітиками власного досвіду та інтуїції. В таких ситуаціях застосовується суб’єктивна модель, яка називається когнітивною картою. Метою даної статті є аналіз розроблення та використання відкритої інтерактивної інтелектуальної системи реального часу з неповною інформацією. Ця система повинна містити засоби добування нових знань з даних, що поступають в неї. Формальна модель цієї системи повинна містити засоби для бази знань, що постійно змінюється, та правил виведення, по яких робляться припущення.  Автори розглядають підхід щодо розроблення та використання концепції побудови аргументаційної системи підтримки прийняття рішень в конфліктних ситуаціях. Використання зазначеної концепції  спрямована на виявлення індивідуально значимих чинників, норм, переваг, аргументів, альтернатив і стратегій вибору.

Gholam Hossein HALVANI, Ali IZADPANAH, Hamideh MIHANPOUR et al.

Introduction: Job burnout, in addition to the adverse effects of physical and psychological health and the various dimensions of the quality of personal and professional life of nurses, has a lot of costs for the organization. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between job burnout and quality of life of nurses. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 175 nurses working in Khatam-ol-Anbia Gonbad-e-Kavous Hospital were included in the study by the available method. The data gathering tool was a three-part questionnaire including demographic information, 26-item quality of life (WHOQOL), and Maslach burnout. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS22 and t test, Chi-Square and analysis of variance tests. Results: The mean age and work experience were 38.34 and 13.81, respectively. In this study, 92.54% of the participants had bachelor degree, 88.81% were married, 62.69% were women, 88.06% were in shift working and 26.12% were in the emergency department. The highest and lowest mean scores of quality of life dimensions were related to physical and environmental health (66.78 and 63.26, respectively). There was a negative correlation between environmental health and overall quality of life with overtime hours (r= -0.193, r= -0.169). The highest and lowest mean scores of occupational burnout dimensions were related to emotional exhaustion and involvement (frequency: 68.7 and 16.4, severity: 75.4 and 19.4). All dimensions of life quality were not correlated with personality frequency and severity of emotional exhaustion. Conclusion: Regarding the inverse relationship between job burnout and quality of life, by presenting and implementing various management solutions and identifying effective factors in improving the quality of life of nurses, job burnout can be reduced which will lead to increase productivity. &nbsp;