Hasil untuk "History of the arts"

E. Bezrukova, S. Reshetova, A. Shchetnikov et al.

S. Martocchia, A. Boselli, J. Cuillandre et al.

The Euclid Early Release Observations (ERO) programme targeted the Perseus galaxy cluster in its central region over 0.7,deg2$. We combined the exceptional image quality and depth of the ERO-Perseus with FUV and NUV observations from GALEX and AstroSat/UVIT, as well as ugriz̋a data from MegaCam at the CFHT, to deliver FUV-to-NIR magnitudes of the 87 brightest galaxies within the Perseus cluster. We reconstructed the star formation history (SFH) of 59 early-type galaxies (ETGs) within the sample, through the spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting code CIGALE and state-of-the-art stellar population (SP) models to reproduce the galactic UV emission from hot, old, low-mass stars (i.e. the UV upturn). In addition, for the six most massive ETGs in Perseus stellar masses $ ( 10 ≥ 10.3 , we analysed their spatially resolved SP and SFH through a radial SED fitting. In agreement with our previous work on Virgo ETGs, we found that (i) the majority of the analysed galaxies needs the presence of a UV upturn component to explain their FUV emission, with average temperatures łangle T_ ̊m UV ̊angle ≃ 33,800,K; (ii) the ETGs of Perseus have grown their stellar masses quickly, with star formation timescales of taułesssim 1500,Myr. We found that all ETGs in the sample have formed more than about 30% of their stellar masses at z up to extreme fractions of ≃100%. At z ( /LSST), and UV observations, to ultimately assess whether the massive ETGs that we observe today represent the progeny of the massive high-$z JWST red quiescent galaxies. the stellar masses of the most massive nearby ETGs, which have present-day stellar masses of log_ 10 10.8, are then found to be comparable to those of the red quiescent galaxies observed by JWST at similar redshifts (z>4.6). This study can be extended to ETGs in the 14,000,deg2$ extragalactic sky that will soon be observed by Euclid, in combination with those from other major upcoming surveys (e.g. Rubin

P. Palmiero, Pierpaolo Caretto, M. M. Ciccone et al.

Pre-eclampsia is a severe pregnancy complication affecting 5–8% of pregnancies worldwide, marked by high blood pressure and organ damage typically occurring after 20 weeks of gestation. It is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Though its exact cause is unknown, it involves placental abnormalities and improper blood vessel development. Risk factors include a history of pre-eclampsia, chronic hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and autoimmune disorders. Symptoms include high blood pressure, proteinuria, headaches, vision changes, and abdominal pain. Untreated, it can lead to seizures, stroke, preterm birth, or death. Delivery is the definitive treatment, with management strategies such as monitoring and blood pressure control. Pre-eclampsia significantly increases long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks, including hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and stroke, linked to shared mechanisms like endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Women with severe or recurrent pre-eclampsia have heightened risks, often developing chronic hypertension within a decade postpartum. It also impacts offspring, with daughters at elevated risk for pre-eclampsia and CVD. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including pre-eclampsia, induce changes like left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, raising risks for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and coronary atherosclerosis. Overlapping with peripartum cardiomyopathy, pre-eclampsia underscores a spectrum of pregnancy-related cardiovascular disorders. Long-term monitoring and lifestyle interventions are crucial for managing risks, with research into genetic and biological mechanisms offering the potential for targeted prevention.

Doris Hambuch, Moza Al Tenaijy, Aisha Khamis Aldarmaki et al.

This study investigates the motivations of Emirati creative writers to choose the global language, English, rather than the UAE’s official language, Arabic, for their literary texts. Much scholarship has been dedicated to the role of English in the Gulf region, but hardly any of this research focusses on the arts. Drawing upon studies of anglophone literature from other countries where English is not an official language, content analysis, and a case study, this article identifies the reach for international audiences as the main motivation, followed by personal language command. Literary influence and genre selection are minor reasons causing Emirati writers to published in English. Situating the small but steadily growing translingual, or exophonic Emirati canon within the short local literary history as well as within a global anglophone context, the article also demonstrates that innovative uses of language may occur. Regional efforts to promote local authors along with changing publishing conditions will likely lead to an expansion of the studied canon in the near future.

Carmelo Vega

Como revista de actualidades, Triunfo (Madrid, 1962-1982) supuso un hito en el contexto periodístico del tardofranquismo, marcando una línea editorial ideológicamente comprometida e interesada en el análisis de las estructuras sociales, económicas, políticas y culturales españolas e internacionales de ese periodo. Con la revisión crítica de una selección de imágenes fotográficas y textos publicados en la revista, intentamos determinar las posiciones y las respuestas que, desde sus páginas, se dieron de forma simultánea ante dos sectores (turismo y automóvil) cruciales para entender la evolución económica y cultural de aquellos años, dos fenómenos que expresaban y proyectaban, además, los códigos y los discursos de la modernidad en España. Demostraremos cómo la mirada periodística y fotográfica fue capaz de reflejar las complejidades, las contradicciones, las paradojas y los fracasos del sistema desarrollista que caracterizó el boom turístico y automovilístico de los años 60 y 70.

Yakir Aharonov, Guy Hetzroni

This oral history interview provides Yakir Aharonov's perspective on the theoretical discovery of the Aharonov-Bohm effect in 1959, during his PhD studies in Bristol with David Bohm, the reception of the effect, the efforts to test it empirically (up to Tonomura's experiment), and some of the debates regarding the existence of the effect and its interpretation. The interview also discusses related later developments until the 1980s, including modular momentum and Berry's phase. It includes recollections from meetings with Werner Heisenberg, Richard Feynman, and Chen-Ning Yang, also mentioning John Bell, Robert Chambers, Werner Ehrenberg, Sir Charles Frank, Wendell Furry, Gunnar Källén, Maurice Pryce, Nathan Rosen, John Wheeler, and Eugene Wigner.

Hiroto Sato, Konan Shimizu

In social learning environments, agents acquire information from both private signals and the observed actions of predecessors, referred to as history. We define the value of history as the gain in expected payoff from accessing both the private signal and history, compared to relying on the signal alone. We first characterize the information structures that maximize this value, showing that it is highest under a mixture of full information and no information. We then apply these insights to a model of markets for history, where a monopolistic data seller collects and sells access to history. In equilibrium, the seller's dynamic pricing becomes the value of history for each agent. This gives the seller incentives to increase the value of history by designing the information structure. The seller optimal information discloses less information than the socially optimal level.

Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts

Historiography of the Калиолла Ахметжан, T. Kalenova, L. N. G. Институт

Based on materials from Western European and Ameriсan historiography, the artiсle highlights the main theoretiсal and methodologiсal approaсhes to studying one of the key soсial institutions of traditional Kazakh soсiety – the Biy Institute. For a long time, traditional institutions of nomadiс soсieties have attraсted the attention not only of Russian sсholars representing various aсademiс sсhools, but also of Western historians. The artiсle briefly examines the development of various disсourses сonсerning the southeastern periphery of the Russian Empire, whiсh is a region that has сonsistently attraсted the attention of travelers, merсhants, sсholars, and researсhers of the Russian frontier. The expansion of imperial influenсe in the eastern borderlands sparked сonsiderable interest in Сentral Asia among researсhers. A brief analysis of foreign historiography reveals general trends сharaсteristiс of Euro-Ameriсan sсholarship. While сertain thematiс differenсes сan сertainly be observed, these studies nonetheless demonstrate a strong сonneсtion to the soсial history of the Kazakhs. Thus, throughout the historiography of soсio-politiсal developments in the distant past, sсholars have сonsistently foсused on the soсial struсture of Kazakh soсiety, often highlighting its most influential soсial groups. The authors foсus on historiography from the pre-Soviet and Soviet periods. A distinсtive feature of the pre-Soviet era was the perсeption of the Russian Empire as a multinational and multiсultural state. During this period, two main historiographiсal disсourses emerged regarding the empire’s relations with its southeastern periphery. One emphasized Russia’s “сivilizing mission”, while the other advanсed arguments about the empire’s “сonquest-oriented poliсy” in the borderlands. In the more reсent period, these approaсhes have been further developed, aссompanied by a signifiсant inсrease in сritiсism of the empire’s poliсies toward its peripheries. The authors attempt to explain the reasons behind the сonsolidation of suсh a disсourse. In our view, this is primarily due to the faсt that the themes and сontent of Soviet sсholarship were often refleсted, albeit in a reversed form, in foreign historiography, where assessments and сonсlusions tended to be of an opposing nature. As a result, it is understandable that foreign historiography has been largely dominated by narratives emphasizing the failures of Kazakh-Russian relations, partiсularly regarding the empire’s inability to establish stable relations with its peripheral peoples. At the same time, researсhers have mainly foсused on the aristoсratiс strata of nomadiс soсiety, who were seen as the primary forсes of military resistanсe to imperial rule. The authors сonсlude that nomadiс soсieties have long attraсted sustained interest from both сontemporary observers and researсhers from the East and the West. Foreign historiography has made a signifiсant сontribution to the study of the soсial institutions of Kazakh soсiety. It is сharaсterized by unсonventional approaсhes, original perspeсtives, and offers an opportunity to move beyond geographiсal limitations in addressing key issues of our history.

M. Ballester, Anindro Bhattacharya, F. Aguilar et al.

Guillaume Lachenal

What happens to the history of medicine and health when the world surrounding us experiences crisis upon crisis? What kind of stories, methods and archives should we turn to? This article attempts to intensify the conversation between the history of medicine, the environmental humanities and the biosciences. I explore what we can gain, as historians of medicine, by engaging with landscapes – understood ecologically, historically and aesthetically. Such perspectives enable us to bring our histories of medicine and health “down to earth,” in the words of Bruno Latour. Noticing, unearthing and following the traces that form the landscape can also help us imagine unimagined histories, that are open-ended, and shaped in unexpected ways by non-human agencies and interpretations. Drawing from my research in East Cameroon, I examine how the genetic sequences of pathogens (hiv and the hepatitis C virus), as well as botanical, archeological and architectural traces, can help us locate histories of medicine within a broader consideration of ruderality – the shared condition of living among the rubble. Using molecular phylogeny and ethnography as arts of tracing, I explore how we can write a history of hiv-Aids and of other mid–twentieth century disease emergences and bioinvasions by starting with the ruderal landscapes of Central Africa, shaped by crisis upon crisis and by medicine itself.

Federico Laudisa

The Bohr and von Neumann views on the measurement process in quantum mechanics have been interpreted for a long time in somewhat controversial terms, often leading to misconceptions. On the basis of some textual analysis, I would like to show that, contrary to a widespread opinion, their views should be taken less inconsistent, and much closer to each other, than usually thought. As a consequence, I claim that Bohr and von Neumann are conceptually on the same side on the issue of the universality of quantum mechanics: hopefully, this might contribute to a more accurate history of the measurement problem in quantum mechanics.

Emily F. Kerrison, Ron D. Ekers, John Morgan et al.

Recent observations of interplanetary scintillation (IPS) at radio frequencies have proved to be a powerful tool for probing the solar environment from the ground. But how far back does this tradition really extend? Our survey of the literature to date has revealed a long history of scintillating observations, beginning with the oral traditions of Indigenous peoples from around the globe, encompassing the works of the Ancient Greeks and Renaissance scholars, and continuing right through into modern optics, astronomy and space science. We outline here the major steps that humanity has taken along this journey, using scintillation as a tool for predicting first terrestrial, and then space weather without ever having to leave the ground.

Jan Baetens.

texts that “the lines are ever-transferring, constantly generating, constantly renewing, never fully built, as if always on the brink of their own vanishing,” which is not only good but also serves as a leitmotif for much of the work here. And that’s just a peripheral we see. The computer, operating on a trivial level, isn’t even on show. But it’s present by its absence, as it were, and bits of paper would not remotely be as conceptually redolent. Now what comes? Just look at some of the 14 section topics: Mainframe Mystique, Mathematical Agents in the Computational Imagination, Reboot: Mondrian and Klee in the Computer Lab, Art and Computer in the Age of Protest, Coding Dance and Dancing Code, Social Cybernetics, Information as Art, Weaving, the hugely influential New Tendencies and so on. The striking thing is that the chronological and conceptual categories often map quite well onto general trends and problematics in art. Someone leafing through the photos might not immediately know that they concerned computer art. These days, the medium is nearly always the message. Earlier it was. . . different. I can’t quite put my finger on it. There is a great difference between, say, Edward Ihnatowicz’s large interactive robotic sculpture Senster, completed in 1970, and . . . Oh, I’ve got it I think: That great work was about the interaction it generated. People even got married in front of it as it hovered “proudly” in the background, responding positively to gentle sounds and gestures, shying away from loud noise or violent movements. People’s gazes were on others’ interactions. Today it would be about the thing with which the public incidentally interacted. No one gets married in front of . . . well, you know the sort of stuff. Philips, of electrical goods fame, showed Senster in their flying saucer– like Evoluon, in Eindhoven in the Netherlands. To them it was a spectacle, shown in a literal segment of circus ring. When it took too much attention away from their fridges and light bulbs, they discarded it (it has since been rebuilt), allegedly without even telling the artist. (The director of the Evoluon told me he was very sad about this. He himself had completely understood what the work was really about, seeing it every day, with and without visitors.) This is what hinders much history of the computer-based arts: they are seen as images, or spectacles, but they are much more than that. Simpler, quieter, often more in tune with minimalism and conceptualism. Hence, again, the failure of artbots, only dealing with what things look like, or we could better say, actually nothing. We could make art using artbots, but it would not be what the bots produced. Tasked with showing images about artbotor AI-art, the bots show images indistinguishable from those generated by first-level prompts. So, the computer arts of 1952 to 1982 could have been so important in the history of mid-century art. Well, I have news: They were central, in themselves. It’s not that that they influenced much art or culture, but that they were, and must surely soon be seen as, the representation of the development and implementation of some of the most serious art concerns of the 20th century. It just wasn’t seen that way then and isn’t much now. If anything will change that, it is this book and the exhibition to which it relates. Much of the art covered in it could have been revolutionary for contemporary art had it been recognized for what it was. I hope and think it will be. We have to incorporate it into present artworks, though we can’t just repeat it or use its messages directly, of course. We have to understand what went on and use that knowledge to make new art now, much as earlier artists didn’t merely rework their historical discoveries and awarenesses but learned from them to make new art, impossible otherwise. Media art histories, in my view, might well promote the incorporation of the archaeology of early computer art into what we do today, artists being media archaeologists and vice versa. This is a book to change the minds of those who assume that the computer-based arts were always just empty spectacle, cynical decoration, playing with numbers or not proper art in some other way. It shows the politics, the philosophy, the virtuosity, the cybernetics of cybernetics behind, and in, some of the work. The connections the art made visible. As an oBca (old British computer artist), I wish the book’s readers, many perhaps new to the field, intriguing discovery and happy creating. The art, ideas, theories, contexts, techniques, and histories in this book have been waiting for us, for you. Use them well.

Ryan M. McGranaghan

This review examines complexity science in Heliophysics, describing it not as a discipline, but as a paradigm. In the context of Heliophysics, complexity science is the study of a star, interplanetary environment, magnetosphere, upper and terrestrial atmospheres, and planetary surface as interacting subsystems. Complexity science studies entities in a system (e.g., electrons in an atom, planets in a solar system, individuals in a society) and their interactions, and is the nature of what emerges from these interactions. It is a paradigm that employs systems approaches and is inherently multi- and cross-scale. Heliophysics processes span at least 15 orders of magnitude in space and another 15 in time, and its reaches go well beyond our own solar system and Earth's space environment to touch planetary, exoplanetary, and astrophysical domains. It is an uncommon domain within which to explore complexity science. This review article excavates the lived and living history of complexity science in Heliophysics. It identifies five dimensions of complexity science. It then proceeds in three epochal parts: 1) A pivotal year in the Complexity Heliophysics paradigm: 1996; 2) The transitional years that established foundations of the paradigm (1996-2010); and 3) The emergent literature largely beyond 2010. The history reveals a grand challenge that confronts most physical sciences to understand the research intersection between fundamental science (e.g., complexity science) and applied science (e.g., artificial intelligence and machine learning). A risk science framework is suggested as a way of formulating the challenges in a way that the two converge. The intention is to provide inspiration and guide future research. It will be instructive to Heliophysics researchers, but also to any reader interested in or hoping to advance the frontier of systems and complexity science.

Mayako Saito-Abe, K. Yamamoto-Hanada, K. Pak et al.

The influence of family allergic history on food allergy in offspring in Japan is unknown. We analyzed data from a nationwide birth cohort study using logistic regression models to examine the associations of maternal, paternal, and both parental histories of allergic diseases (food allergy, atopic dermatitis, asthma, and rhinitis) with their child’s food allergy at 1.5 and 3 years of age. This analysis included 69,379 singleton full-term mothers and 37,179 fathers and their children. All parental histories of allergic diseases showed significant positive associations with their child’s food allergy. When both parents had a history of allergic diseases, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) tended to be higher than when either parent had allergic diseases (p for trend < 0.0001). The highest aOR was detected when both parents had food allergy (2.60; 95% confidential interval, 1.58–4.27), and the aOR was 1.71 when either parent had food allergy (95% confidential interval, 1.54–1.91). The aORs were attenuated but still had significant positive associations after adjusting for the child’s atopic dermatitis, a risk factor for allergy development. In conclusion, all parental allergic diseases were significantly positively associated with their child’s food allergy. The effect of family history showed a stepwise increase in risk from either parent to both parents, and the highest risk of allergic disease was a parental history of food allergy.

Jesús San Román, F. J. Candel, J. Sanz et al.

Background: Most residents and staff in nursing homes have received full vaccination. Factors related to the immune response to vaccination might be related to the risk of future severe COVID-19 and may guide the need for vaccine boosters. Design: Nursing homes that were tested in a point survey in July-October 2020 were again analyzed after a vaccination campaign in June-July 2021. Immune responses according to IgG against nucleocapsid and spike antigens, and CD4 and CD8 interferon-gamma release assay against spike antigens, were evaluated. Results: A total of 1973 subjects were tested (61.7% residents, 48.3% staff), with a mean (SD) follow-up of 46.4 (3.6) weeks between assessments. More than half of residents and more than a third of staff had evidence of COVID-19 before vaccination; 26.9% and 22.7% had seroreversion of IgG-N, and 8.9% and 4.6% had IgG-N seroconversion at second assessment, respectively. Up to 96.8% of residents and 98.1% of workers had positive IgG-S after a mean of 19.9 (2.1) weeks after vaccination. In residents with vs without a history of COVID-19, IgG-S titers were 4.11 (0.54) vs. 2.73 (0.74) logAU/mL (p < 0.001); in workers these titers were 3.89 (0.61) vs. 3.15 (0.64) logAU/mL (p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that younger age (OR: −0.03 per 10 years-older [95% CI, −0.04 to −0.02], p < 0.001) and evidence of COVID-19 (OR: 1.14 [95% CI, 1.08 to 1.20], p < 0.001) are associated with greater IgG-S titers after vaccination. A direct association was found between IgG-S titers and the intensity of IFN-gamma response against spike antigens. Conclusions: Waning of humoral response and reinfection seems to be more frequent in older as compared to younger adults, although cellular responses shortly after vaccination are comparable between these groups. Younger age and prior COVID-19 are related to greater humoral response after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.

Carolina Vasco Costa Delgado, Gabriela Alexandra da Cunha Santos Forman, Rebecca Louise Antoinette Breuer

This study explores bioplastics fabrication based on alginate polymer with added glycerine as a plasticizer, creating flexibility, and organic waste was used as a filler avoiding shrinkage. Exploratory, observational and experimental, Literature Review, amongst other methods, were used within a Qualitative and Quantitative Methodology by Design through practice. The research material was documented through an open-source FabLab platform and shared with a community of researchers and future designers who want to design innovative and environmentally friendly materials to replace synthetic plastics. Fifteen different bio-based materials resulted from this experiment, applicable for varied applications. Results show that different fillers added to sodium alginate and glycerine present ample opportunities for sustainable bio-ceramics, bio-composites and bio-plastics.

Ilona Sármány-Parsons

In 1894, Gustav Klimt was commissioned to create a series of allegorical paintings for the University of Vienna. When the paintings were revealed in 1900, professors and the general public voiced strong resistance to their permanent installation. Art historical literature on the Vienna Secession and the Faculty Painting affair has tended to take the position of advocating for modern art, casting the entire debate as a fight for artistic freedom wherein Klimt was a victim of conservative philistines. Other literature on the Faculty Paintings focusses on the erotic message of the pictures; the works are viewed as documents of a sexual identity crisis that burst to the surface in fin de siècle Vienna. This article is a newly translated English version of a chapter titled “1900—Pyrrhic Victory: The Press Campaigns Surrounding the Faculty Paintings,” from Secession expert Ilona Sármány-Parsons’ book *Die Macht der Kunstkritik: Ludwig Hevesi und die Wiener Moderne* *(The Power of Art Criticism: Ludwig Hevesi and Viennese Modernism)* (Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, 2022; translated from Hungarian edition, Budapest: Balassi Kiadó, 2019). Contrary to the two aforementioned framings of Klimt’s Faculty Paintings, the article examines the role of art critics in the affair and argues that the discourse around the event actually reveals reasonable criticisms of philosophical, rhetorical and artistic stagnation in the Secession movement. While a broad spectrum of contemporaneous critical voices are invoked, the influential critic Ludvig Hevesi’s contributions to the debate come under particular scrutiny.

Abbas Al-Musawi, Ali Al-Jubouri

هدفت الدراسة, تعرف مستوى الإصرار على الحياة ومستوى مكوناته عند طلبة الجامعة, وتعرف الفروق في الإصرار على الحياة, على وفق متغيري (الجنس والتخصص) والتفاعل بينهما. تكونت العينة من 400 طالب وطالبة من طلبة جامعة الكوفة (العراق), جرى اختيارهم بالطريقة الطبقية العشوائية. ولتحقيق أهداف البحث, تم بناء أداة على وفق نظرية كارل روجرز, تتكون من (46) فقرة, وخمسة بدائل للإجابة, وتوفرت في المقياس الخصائص السيكومترية. وكانت أهم النتائج: - تمتع طلبة الجامعة بمستوىً مرتفع في الإصرار على الحياة وفي مستوى مكوناته. - لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى 05‚0 في الإصرار على الحياة بين طلبة الجامعة وفق متغير الجنس, والتفاعل بين الجنس والتخصص. - توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى 05‚0 في مستوى الإصرار على الحياة بين طلبة التخصص العلمي وطلبة التخصص الإنساني, لصالح التخصص الإنساني.