Barbara Jankowiak, Sylwia Jaskulska, Vanesa Pérez-Martínez
et al.
Bullying and cyberbullying significantly threaten the development and mental health of both victims and perpetrators. This study aimed to analyze the associations between socioeconomic characteristics, personal experiences of violence, perceived social support from peers, and acceptance of violence and (cyber)bullying perpetration. The study involved 1146 secondary school students, consisting of 698 females and 448 males, aged 13 to 16. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance. The results indicated that 12.32% of girls and 18.97% of boys reported engaging in bullying and/or cyberbullying. The likelihood of perpetration was lower among adolescents who had not experienced physical and/or sexual abuse before age 15, but higher among those in romantic relationships who had been victims of dating violence or had experienced (cyber)bullying victimization. Additionally, perceived social support from classmates was associated with a lower likelihood of becoming a perpetrator, whereas acceptance of violence was positively associated with (cyber)bullying perpetration. Preventing adolescents from becoming perpetrators of bullying and/or cyberbullying requires early intervention to prevent all forms of violence in childhood and adolescence, as well as bolstering personal and environmental resources by providing social support.
Russia and Portugal established diplomatic relations relatively late. Some researchers indicate geography as the main cause; however, geography alone could hardly explain why, for instance, the Russian Empire established official relations with Spain approximately sixty years before it did with the Portuguese Royal Court. As it seems, the international situation and factors related to both states’ domestic development were at play. Back in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, Portugal considered regions far beyond Europe, such as South America, Africa, India and the Far East to be its sphere of interests. As a result, the country’s limited resources, combined with the need to ensure the preservation of the vast colonial empire, predetermined its dependence on Great Britain for defense. In the 18th century, the costs of such dependence outweighed the potential benefits. Meanwhile, Russia in the 18th century was a powerful and dynamic state which sought to change the traditional balance of power in Europe and develop maritime trade. The idea of establishing relations with Portugal was already considered under Peter I, yet it was not until late 18th century that the Russian Empire succeeded under Catherine II. The geographical factor did have a significant impact on delaying mutual recognition; still it was the two countries’ converging interests and the favorable international situation that proved to be crucial.
In 1833 William Lardner was a surgeon on the ship Rainha de Portugal stationed off Porto, and in 1834 a surgeon at the Royal Marine Hospital in Lisboa. Lardner wrote two letters to the prestigious British medical journal The Lancet (Lardner, 1833, 1834). He described the onset of cholera, first in Vigo, then in Porto during skirmishes between Liberals and the Miguelistas, then in Aveiro, and eventually in Lisboa (Thomas, 2006). Lardner states that neither Spain nor Portugal had experienced cholera until the London Merchant, sailing from Dover and Falmouth, made port in Vigo in late December 1832. Lardner’s ship, the Rainha, was berthed in Vigo then and proceeded to Porto, arriving on 2 January 1833. Lardner believed that the troops under General Jean-Baptiste Solignac had contracted cholera from persons on the London Merchant and transported the disease to Porto. Cholera progressed down the coast to Aveiro by 3 February 1833 and then to Lisboa in mid-June 1833. Lardner’s letters to The Lancet provide a wealth of information on the progress, diagnosis, and treatment of cholera in Portugal, as well as many scurrilous comments regarding the practice of medicine in Portugal at that time. Elements from his letters and additional context from other sources and how these elements might relate to the Covid-19 pandemic will be explored.
A search for new phenomena giving rise to pairs of opposite electrically charged muons with impact parameters in the millimeter range is presented, using 139 fb−1 of s=13 TeV pp collision data from the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The search targets the gap in coverage between existing searches targeting final states with leptons with large displacement and prompt leptons. No significant excess over the background expectation is observed and exclusion limits are set on the mass of long-lived scalar supersymmetric muon-partners (smuons) with much lower lifetimes than previously targeted by displaced muon searches. Smuon lifetimes down to 1 ps are excluded for a smuon mass of 100 GeV, and smuon masses up to 520 GeV are excluded for a proper lifetime of 10 ps, at 95% confidence level. Finally, model-independent limits are set on the contribution from new phenomena to the signal-region yields.
Michael V. Maseda, Zach Lewis, Jorryt Matthee
et al.
Deep Very Large Telescope/MUSE optical integral field spectroscopy has recently revealed an abundant population of ultra-faint galaxies ( M _UV ≈ −15; 0.01 L _⋆ ) at z = 2.9−6.7 due to their strong Ly α emission with no detectable continuum. The implied Ly α equivalent widths can be in excess of 100–200 Å, challenging existing models of normal star formation and indicating extremely young ages, small stellar masses, and a very low amount of metal enrichment. We use JWST/NIRSpec’s microshutter array to follow up 45 of these galaxies (11 hr in G235M/F170LP and 7 hr in G395M/F290LP), as well as 45 lower-equivalent width Ly α emitters. Our spectroscopy covers the range 1.7−5.1 micron in order to target strong optical emission lines: H α , [O iii ], H β , and [N II]. Individual measurements as well as stacks reveal line ratios consistent with a metal-poor nature (2%−40% Z _⊙ , depending on the calibration). The galaxies with the highest equivalent widths of Ly α , in excess of 90 Å, have lower [N II]/H α (1.9 σ ) and [O iii ]/H β (2.2 σ ) ratios than those with lower equivalent widths, implying lower gas-phase metallicities at a combined significance of 2.4 σ . This implies a selection based on Ly α equivalent width is an efficient technique for identifying younger, less chemically enriched systems.
Kyle Franson, Brendan P. Bowler, Mariangela Bonavita
et al.
Benchmark brown dwarf companions with well-determined ages and model-independent masses are powerful tools to test substellar evolutionary models and probe the formation of giant planets and brown dwarfs. Here, we report the independent discovery of HIP 21152 B, the first imaged brown dwarf companion in the Hyades, and conduct a comprehensive orbital and atmospheric characterization of the system. HIP 21152 was targeted in an ongoing high-contrast imaging campaign of stars exhibiting proper-motion changes between Hipparcos and Gaia, and was also recently identified by Bonavita et al. (2022) and Kuzuhara et al. (2022). Our Keck/NIRC2 and SCExAO/CHARIS imaging of HIP 21152 revealed a comoving companion at a separation of 0.″37 (16 au). We perform a joint orbit fit of all available relative astrometry and radial velocities together with the Hipparcos-Gaia proper motions, yielding a dynamical mass of ${24}_{-4}^{+6}\,{M}_{\mathrm{Jup}}$ , which is 1–2 σ lower than evolutionary model predictions. Hybrid grids that include the evolution of cloud properties best reproduce the dynamical mass. We also identify a comoving wide-separation (1837″ or 7.9 × 10 ^4 au) early-L dwarf with an inferred mass near the hydrogen-burning limit. Finally, we analyze the spectra and photometry of HIP 21152 B using the Saumon & Marley (2008) atmospheric models and a suite of retrievals. The best-fit grid-based models have f _sed = 2, indicating the presence of clouds, T _eff = 1400 K, and $\mathrm{log}g=4.5\,\mathrm{dex}$ . These results are consistent with the object’s spectral type of T0 ± 1. As the first benchmark brown dwarf companion in the Hyades, HIP 21152 B joins the small but growing number of substellar companions with well-determined ages and dynamical masses.
Timothy Tzen Vun Yap, Azmin Alias bin Mohd Azha, Vik Tor Goh
et al.
Background - Many factors affect student performance such as the individual’s background, habits, absenteeism and social activities. Using these factors, corrective actions can be determined to improve their performance. This study looks into the effects of these factors in predicting student performance from a data mining approach. This study presents a data mining approach in identify significant factors and predict student performance, based on two datasets collected from two secondary schools in Portugal. Methods – In this study, two datasets are augmented to increase the sample size by merging them. Following that, data pre-processing is performed and the features are normalized with linear scaling to avoid bias on heavy weighted attributes. The selected features are then assigned into four groups comprising of student background, lifestyle, history of grades and all features. Next, Boruta feature selection is performed to remove irrelevant features. Finally, the classification models of Support Vector Machine (SVM) , Naïve Bayes (NB) , and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) origins are designed and their performances evaluated. Results - The models were trained and evaluated on an integrated dataset comprising 1044 student records with 33 features, after feature selection. The classification was performed with SVM, NB and MLP with 60-40 and 50-50 train-test splits and 10-fold cross validation. GridSearchCV was applied to perform hyperparameter tuning. The performance metrics were accuracy, precision, recall and F1-Score. SVM obtained the highest accuracy with scores of 77%, 80%, 91% and 90% on background, lifestyle, history of grades and all features respectively in 50-50 train-test splits for binary levels classification . SVM also obtained highest accuracy for five levels classification with 39%, 38%, 73% and 71% for the four categories respectively. The results show that the history of grades form significant influence on the student performance.
Neste artigo estudamos a aplicação do Condicionamento Industrial do Estado Novo à indústria de conservas de peixe, uma das principais exportações portuguesas. Retomando a problemática da regulação no desenvolvimento industrial do país, procuramos explicar o impacto do mecanismo burocrático durante o segundo pós-guerra, medindo os seus resultados quantitativos, mas tentando sobretudo compreender as suas relações com outras políticas económicas e sociais do regime. Através de novas fontes documentais, propomos analisar o processo decisório do Condicionamento Industrial, tradicionalmente centrado na administração do Estado, a partir da actuação das empresas e dos organismos corporativos.
The semantic field of waste and dirt is a resource for artistic practices that have contributed to regulate, to question, or to attack symbolic systems and social imaginaries in different historical-political contexts. Beginning with the cultural economy of modernity/coloniality and its asymmetrical logic of exclusion and discard, the essay investigates a series of rhetorical figurations and types of production of meaning that have articulated the isotopy of dirt in the Latin American and Caribbean context. Thinking through the interaction and complicity between culture, art and garbage, and drawing upon a couple of brief readings, it proposes five paradigmatic aesthetic modalities that enable the tracing of a theoretical map of the aesthetic use of waste as imaginative basis for cultural critique.
O presente estudo tem por objetivo compreender, a partir do pensamento de Francisco José de Oliveira Viana, um dos principais intelectuais conservadores brasileiros da geração dos anos 1920-40, os fundamentos e o sentido do que então eles diziam ser a ‘verdadeira’ nação brasileira, ao mesmo tempo enfatizando suas origens e identidade lusas e o seu futuro corporativo como ideal de organização e desenvolvimento da sociedade brasileira. Para tanto, o texto a seguir foi dividido em três momentos: breve reflexão sobre a História como mestra da política, como a definia Oliveira Viana; discussão sobre as origens lusas da originalidade e dos males do Brasil; breves apontamentos sobre o corporativismo como futuro da nação.
A Arte Nova foi um movimento estilístico internacional que ocorreu em vários países, entre eles, Portugal. Na cidade de Lisboa os primeiros registos deste movimento surgiram no domínio da ilustração. Influenciou gradualmente outros modos de expressão artística, em particular o azulejo, o vitral, a pintura a fresco e a pintura sobre vidro. Neste artigo debruçar-nos-emos sobre as influências estrangeiras na criação destas obras em Lisboa, suas especificidades e originalidade no panorama da Arte Nova.
This article reconstructs the emergence of a counterculture in the early 1960s. In particular, it focuses on the New Solidarity Movement, which was created by a group of poets and writers, and anchored on a network of little magazines, correspondence, and meetings, such as the one held in Mexico City in 1964. These writers aimed at constructing an inter-American fraternity and, from a neo-humanist perspective, called to the “awaken consciousness” of the Americas in order to discuss the meanings of a revolution that they envisioned as ongoing and conceived of as dual, collective and subjective. The analysis of this singular experience contributes to a better understanding of the plurality of meanings that the language of revolution acquired throughout the 1960s.
José Viegas Brás, Maria Leal Gonçalves, José Hernandez Dias, Portugal
<p>Neste artigo investigamos a construção do corpo pelos manuais de civilidade publicados em Portugal e em Espanha no século 19. Os manuais de civilidade constituíram um mecanismo de poder-saber disciplinador da burguesia em ascensão eque marcaram certo processo de subjectivação. A partir do corpo estabeleceu-se uma nova ordem, que elevou o orgânico ao funcional e simbólico, em sintonia com a classe burguesa em ascensão, e que buscou orientar cada indivíduo a constituir-se como um sujeito moral, dando-lhe distinção e prestígio.</p><p>Palavras-chave: corpo, história, manuais, civilidade.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>THINKING MAN AS BODY: SYMBOLIC COINAGE IN </strong><strong>PORTUGAL</strong><strong> AND SPAIN (19<sup>TH</sup> CENTURY)</strong></p><p>Abstract</p><p>In this paper, we study the construction of the body through civility course books published in Portugaland Spainin the 19<sup>th</sup> century. The civility course books were a mechanism of power-knowledge relationship disciplinary of the rising bourgeoisie which un le as he da certain process of subjectivity. From the body a new order was set up, which raised the organic to functional and symbolic-in line with the growing bourgeois class-and guide de ach individual to establish him/herself as a moral subject, giving him/her distinction and prestige.</p><p>Key-words: body, history, manuals, civility.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>PENSANDO EN EL HOMBRE COMO CUERPO: </strong><strong>INVENCIÓN SIMBÓLICAEN PORTUGAL Y ESPAÑA (SIGLO 19)</strong></p><p>Resumen</p><p>En este trabajo, investigamos la construcción del cuerpo a través de los manuales de civilidad publicado en Portugal y en España en el siglo 19. Los manuales de civilidad eran un mecanismo de poder-saber disciplinador de la burguesía naciente que marcaron cierto proceso de subjetividad. Partiendo del cuerpo, si establece un nuevo orden que eleva el orgánico al funcional y simbólico, según la naciente burguesía, y que guío a cada individuo para constituirse como sujeto moral, dándole prestigio y distinción.</p><p>Palabras-clave: cuerpo, historia, manuales, civilidad.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>PENSER L'HOMME COMME CORPS:ESTAMPAGE SYMBOLIQUE </strong><strong>AU PORTUGAL ET EN ESPAGNE (19<sup>EME</sup> SIECLE)</strong></p><p>Résumé</p><p>Dans cet article, nous étudions la construction du corps par les manuels de civilité publiés au Portugal et en Espagne au 19e siècle. Les manuels de civilité ont été un mécanisme de pouvoir-savoir pour discipliner la bourgeoisie montante, lesquels ont marqué certain processus de subjectivation. A partir du corps on a établi un nouvel ordre qui a élevé l'organique au fonctionnel et symbolique, d’après la classe bourgeoise en montée, et qui a orienté chaque individu à se constituer lui-même comme un sujet moral, en lui donnant de la distinction et du prestige.</p><p>Mots-clé: corps, histoire, manuels, civilité.</p>
La novela Los detectives salvajes (1998), de Roberto Bolaño, galardonada con el premio “Rómulo Gallegos”, juega con los elementos tradicionales de la novella detectivesca. El enigma y el juego son la base constitutiva de la obra, que invita al lector no tanto a buscar un sentido (una solución) sino a entrar en el juego. El artículo presenta los distintos niveles lúdicos a través de los dibujos brindados por Bolaño para apreciar la complejidad de esta novela de formación del siglo XXI.