Hasil untuk "History of Great Britain"

M. Vanderpump, W. M. G. Tunbrldge, J. French et al.

D. Bebbington

Hélène Sirven

Two self-taught figures in the history of 19th-century photography, Julia Margaret Cameron and Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, a.k.a. Lewis Carroll, produced remarkable portraits, using cameras with heavy constraints that were nonetheless conducive to the creation of forms of narrative embodied in unexpected images. We will examine the conditions and contexts of what often remains enigmatic in two comparable practices of Victorian photography.

Daniele Dominici

The history of the Arcetri Institute of Physics at the University of Florence is analyzed from the beginning of the 20th century to the 1960s. Thanks to the arrival of Garbasso in 1913, not only did the Institute gain new premises on Arcetri hill, but also hosted brilliant young physicists such as Rita Brunetti, Enrico Fermi, Franco Rasetti in the '20s and Enrico Persico, Bruno Rossi, Gilberto Bernardini, Daria Bocciarelli, Lorenzo Emo Capodilista, Giuseppe Occhialini and Giulio Racah in the '30s, engaged in the emerging fields of Quantum Mechanics and Cosmic Rays. This internationally renowned Arcetri School dissolved in the late 1930s mainly for the transfer of its protagonists to chairs in other Italian or foreign universities. After the war, the legacy was taken up by some students of this school who formed research groups in the fields of nuclear physics and elementary particle physics. As far as theoretical physics is concerned, after the Fermi and Persico periods, these studies enjoyed a new expansion in the sixties thanks to the arrival of Raoul Gatto who created in Arcetri the first Italian school of theoretical physics.

Michael Werner

In January of 1985, more than 40 years ago, a group of astronomers met with NASA officials to map out the future of NASA space astronomy. Their efforts led to the Great Observatories program, linking four powerful space telescopes to study the heavens in four regions of the spectrum. The successful launch and operation of the Spitzer Space Telescope in the Fall of 2003 completed the launch of the Great Observatories, almost 20 years after the program was formulated, and two of the Observatories, Hubble and Chandra, continue to operate very productively. The scientific and public education results of the Great Observatories are well-known. Here we emphasize that fulfilling the extraordinary vision of the Great Observatories was a triumph of human ingenuity, dedication, and determination.

E. S. Pankov

The relations of the UK with the majority of Latin American and Caribbean states are not marked by traumatic narratives directly related to colonial dependence, but in recent years the problem of repatriation of cultural objects has become more acute: indigenous communities and civil activists are putting pressure on the British government and museums to return cultural property to the countries of origin. The factor that mitigates the confrontational nature of the problem is the proactive policy of British museums aimed at implementing joint projects with indigenous communities of Latin American and Caribbean states. Nevertheless, many of them are aimed at promoting Western narratives and approaches to the «decolonization of art». British museums also make a major contribution to the dissemination of information about the history and culture of Latin American peoples, both to tourists from around the world and to South American diasporas in the UK. At the same time, as a multipolar international order is being formed, the impact of the problem of repatriation of cultural objects on the UK’s relations with Latin American and Caribbean states will increase: the lack of an effective international legal framework to resolve these contradictions will become more and more acute. A potential method of reducing the resulting tension in the bilateral relations between London and Latin American and Caribbean states may be the transfer of objects on long-term lease or voluntary withdrawal of the British side from the possession of artifacts — in case appropriate changes in the domestic legislation of Great Britain are made.

Christina Angela Howes

This paper focuses on Irish writer, playwright and television screenwriter Eugene McCabe’s fictional representation of the Northern Irish ‘Troubles’ in his trilogy Victims, published in the collection Heaven Lies about Us (2005). Living most of his life on his family farm on the Monaghan/Fermanagh border between Northern Ireland and the Republic, McCabe had a deep understanding of the historically entrenched hatreds, bigotry and fundamentalisms of its inhabitants, and his fiction reflects the human tragedy underlying the violence. This paper draws on an eco-philosophical framework to suggest that by capturing the entanglement between the natural and cultural place-world McCabe’s poetics offers, from a liberal humanist perspective, an indictment of anthropocentric patriarchy at the root of violent dispute. McCabe’s literary world, evoking natural and cultural landscapes, encapsulates the absurdity of isolating territories via false political borders, marginalizing the value of bioregion and diversity and ignoring the vital oneness of humanity. Thus, though McCabe’s short stories are indeed culturally and politically specific, in shedding light on the self-destructiveness of human behaviour they are ultimately timeless and universal.

Jeffrey A. Houser, A. Desrosières, C. Naish

Roberto Casalbuoni, Daniele Dominici, Massimo Mazzoni

The history of the Institute of Physics at the University of Florence is traced from the beginning of the 20th century, with the arrival of Antonio Garbasso as Director (1913), to the 1960s. Thanks to Garbasso's expertise, not only did the Institute gain new premises on Arcetri hill, where the Astronomical Observatory was already located, but it also formed a brilliant group of young physicists made up of Enrico Fermi, Franco Rasetti, Enrico Persico, Bruno Rossi, Gilberto Bernardini, Daria Bocciarelli, Lorenzo Emo Capodilista, Giuseppe Occhialini and Giulio Racah, who were engaged in the emerging fields of Quantum Mechanics and Cosmic Rays. This Arcetri School disintegrated in the late 1930s for the transfer of its protagonists to chairs in other universities, for the environment created by the fascist regime and, to some extent, for the racial laws. After the war, the legacy was taken up by some students of this school who formed research groups in the field of nuclear physics and elementary particle physics. As far as theoretical physics was concerned, after the Fermi and Persico periods these studies enjoyed a new expansion towards the end of the 1950s, with the arrival of Giacomo Morpurgo and above all, that of Raoul Gatto, who created the first real Italian school of Theoretical Physics at Arcetri.

Yael Naze

With Cyrano, Voltaire, and Verne, France provided important milestones in the history of early science fiction. However, even if the genre was not very common a few centuries ago, there were numerous additional contributions by French-speaking writers. In this paper, we review two cases of interplanetary novels written in the second half of the eighteenth century and sharing a rare particularity: their authors were female. Voyages de Milord Ceton was imagined by Marie-Anne de Roumier-Robert whereas Cornelie Wouters de Wasse conceived Le Char Volant. While their personal lives were very different, and their writing style too, both authors share in these novels a common philosophy in which equality -- between ranks but also between genders -- takes an important place. Their works thus clearly fit into the context of the Enlightenment.

Alessio Rocci

In June 1888, Oliver Heaviside received by mail an officially unpublished pamphlet, which was written and printed by the American author Willard J. Gibbs around 1881-1884. This original document is preserved in the Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology at the Smithsonian Institute in Washington DC. Heaviside studied Gibbs's work very carefully and wrote some annotations in the margins of the booklet. He was a strong defender of Gibbs's work on vector analysis against quaternionists, even if he criticized Gibbs's notation system. The aim of our paper is to analyse Heaviside's annotations and to investigate the role played by the American physicist in the development of Heaviside's work.

Eleonora Belfiore

Amr G.E. Sabet

This book attempts to provide a new reading of the historical events that served to shape the Middle East, during and immediately after the first Great War (1914-1918). While it does not go so far as to make revisionist claims, it does make a claim to an alternative perspective on other narratives. The author questions how this grand conflict has been portrayed, not only in its immediate aftermath but also in its long-term effects observed in current regional instabilities. The book includes twelve chapters arranged chronologically and by region, focusing on the military conflicts of WWI not as a study of “military history of maneuvers” as such, but as a “study of war” in a fashion that reflects the interactions of decision-makers involved in this great conflict (x). The first chapter introduces the reader to the “making of imperial strategy” focusing on “ends and ways” (1). By the early twentieth century, Britain appeared to face numerous threats from other great powers such as Germany, ...

Christina Hunt Mahony

Asaad Hameed Abu Housna أسعد حميد أبوشنة

The family of Al Dildar Ali Nasir Abadi Alawia is one of the most prominent scientific families that played an important role in the history of modern India through its political and intellectual role. The family was the first religious authority in India with the direct influence and support of the religious authority in Iraq , Through the teaching of students of religious sciences from India to Najaf and Karbala, the Al Dildar family had an important role in the intellectual side, which represents the spread of Shiism, jurisprudence, culture and culture, while the political aspect is to contribute effectively to the emergence of its independent kingdom About the Empire Ghuliyah in India, not only that it adopted the propagation and promotion of Shiism in India, especially in the north, where important forces were stationed as the East India-based English company based in Kolkata, the Mongol Empire representing Delhi as its capital, As well as participating in the Indian revolution of 1857 against Britain by supporting that revolution, and actively participating in its creation. The integration was clear between the intellectual and political roles. First, the spread of Shiism and the establishment of its existence among the people must be a Sharia and a platform, before moving to the political aspect of creating a political entity based on the Ahl al-Bayt doctrine. To preserve the unity of the Muslims in that great multi-religious, cultural and ethnic country.

Mehmet Şükrü Kuran, Ahmet Erdem Tozoğlu, Cinzia Tavernari

In this paper we explain our experiences and observations on a blended world history course which combines classical lecture and discussion elements as well as video game sessions in which the students play strategy video games with heavy historical focus. The course, named Playing with The Past, is designed to experiment on how to integrate video games on teaching history especially in order to achieve a higher understanding of the contemporary social, political, economical, and technological context of a given era for a given nation. We ran the course four times between 2015 - 2018 with different video game titles having different historical models and observe the experiences and learning of students based on the quality of their written essays and articles. Our experiments and observations could be beneficial not only for the design of a general world history course, but also for a history course on specific periods, cultures, and nations.

Rosalie Hosking

This paper demonstrates how a nineteenth century Japanese votive temple problem known as a sangaku from Okayama prefecture can be solved using traditional mathematical methods of the Japanese Edo (1603-1868 CE). We compare a modern solution to a sangaku problem from Sacred Geometry: Japanese Temple Problems of Tony Rothman and Hidetoshi Fukagawa with a traditional solution of Ōhara Toshiaki (?-1828). Our investigation into the solution of Ōhara provides an example of traditional Edo period mathematics using the tenzan jutsu symbolic manipulation method, as well as producing new insights regarding the contextual nature of the rules of this technique.