Hasil untuk "History (General)"

H. Werner, P. Knowles, F. Manby et al.

Molpro is a general purpose quantum chemistry software package with a long development history. It was originally focused on accurate wavefunction calculations for small molecules but now has many additional distinctive capabilities that include, inter alia, local correlation approximations combined with explicit correlation, highly efficient implementations of single-reference correlation methods, robust and efficient multireference methods for large molecules, projection embedding, and anharmonic vibrational spectra. In addition to conventional input-file specification of calculations, Molpro calculations can now be specified and analyzed via a new graphical user interface and through a Python framework.

S. Kimmel

This essay briefly examines the role of architectural history in María Rosa Menocal's effort to test the conventions of Romance philology. By drawing the familiar built environment into esoteric debates about language and literature, Menocal sought to render medieval Iberia more accessible to general readers and to create a scholarly space for interdisciplinary research that bridges peninsular religious and linguistic divisions. The result of this effort, particularly in the American academy, is today's medieval and early modern Iberian studies, where scholars enjoy greater flexibility in their research and teaching even while continuing to grapple with the theoretical and political risks implicit in Menocal's approach.

M. Jaboyedoff, T. Oppikofer, A. Abellán et al.

This paper presents a short history of the appraisal of laser scanner technologies in geosciences used for imaging relief by high-resolution digital elevation models (HRDEMs) or 3D models. A general overview of light detection and ranging (LIDAR) techniques applied to landslides is given, followed by a review of different applications of LIDAR for landslide, rockfall and debris-flow. These applications are classified as: (1) Detection and characterization of mass movements; (2) Hazard assessment and susceptibility mapping; (3) Modelling; (4) Monitoring. This review emphasizes how LIDAR-derived HRDEMs can be used to investigate any type of landslides. It is clear that such HRDEMs are not yet a common tool for landslides investigations, but this technique has opened new domains of applications that still have to be developed.

R. Leys

A. Alesina, A. Alesina, A. Alesina et al.

This paper discusses what determines the preferences of individuals for redistribution. We review the theoretical literature and provide a framework to incorporate various effects previously studied separately in the literature. We then examine empirical evidence for the US, using the General Social Survey, and for a large set of countries, using the World Values Survey. The paper reviews previously found results and provides several new ones. We emphasize, in particular, the role of historical experiences, cultural factors and personal history as determinants of preferences for equality or tolerance for inequality.

Anthony J. Dellureficio, N. Packard, Steen Rasmus-Sen et al.

“voluntary animal motion” interested physicians, scholars, and philosophers throughout history for a variety of purposes such as relating “voluntary motion” to the soul and understanding medical conditions through comparative anatomy. The research presented in this monograph includes not only a careful examination of different theories regarding animal motion, but also an analysis of how these theories developed within the context of changing medical and academic paradigms. Another interesting and very useful feature of this work is its inclusion of extensive indexes and bibliography. The indexes include ones for Latin terms, Greek terms, book titles, names, and a general index. Due to the medical nature of its subject and the periods covered, the Latin and Greek indexes in particular prove invaluable to the book. Together, the bibliography of primary and secondary sources and the indexes comprise over 200 pages of reference material. This hefty, well-researched volume will be useful as both an analysis of early theories on voluntary animal motion and a reference source for this topic. Anthony J. Dellureficio, Centre for the History of Science, Technology & Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

L. Young, L. Yap, P. Murray

P. Checkland

E. Bruckert, G. Hayem, S. Dejager et al.

C. Worth

J. E. Ware, C. D. Sherbourne

J. Dieterich

C. Barceló, S. Liberati, M. Visser

Analogue models of (and for) gravity have a long and distinguished history dating back to the earliest years of general relativity. In this review article we will discuss the history, aims, results, and future prospects for the various analogue models. We start the discussion by presenting a particularly simple example of an analogue model, before exploring the rich history and complex tapestry of models discussed in the literature. The last decade in particular has seen a remarkable and sustained development of analogue gravity ideas, leading to some hundreds of published articles, a workshop, two books, and this review article. Future prospects for the analogue gravity programme also look promising, both on the experimental front (where technology is rapidly advancing) and on the theoretical front (where variants of analogue models can be used as a springboard for radical attacks on the problem of quantum gravity).

J. Skripak, E. Matsui, K. Mudd et al.

E. Bixler, A. Vgontzas, Hung-mo Lin et al.

David Weimer

This issue of the Bibliography includes items published from 2015 to 2018. The form of entries reflects the order and punctuation conventions of ISBD (M) : International Standard Bibliographic Description for Monographic Publications, rev. ed. (s.l. : International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, 2002. — http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/isbd_m0602.pdf), but with modifications to accommodate articles in journals and collective works. Some English translations or paraphrases of titles have been supplied. The abbreviation ‘ill.’ alone implies illustration(s) of a cartographic nature; where both ‘ill.’ and ‘maps’ occur together illustrations of a general and of a cartographic nature are included.

I. Wapinski, Avi Pfeffer, N. Friedman et al.

Antoni Rogalski

This paper overviews the history of infrared detector materials starting with Herschel’s experiment with thermometer on February 11th, 1800. Infrared detectors are in general used to detect, image, and measure patterns of the thermal heat radiation which all objects emit. At the beginning, their development was connected with thermal detectors, such as thermocouples and bolometers, which are still used today and which are generally sensitive to all infrared wavelengths and operate at room temperature. The second kind of detectors, called the photon detectors, was mainly developed during the 20th Century to improve sensitivity and response time. These detectors have been extensively developed since the 1940’s. Lead sulphide (PbS) was the first practical IR detector with sensitivity to infrared wavelengths up to ∼3 μm. After World War II infrared detector technology development was and continues to be primarily driven by military applications. Discovery of variable band gap HgCdTe ternary alloy by Lawson and co-workers in 1959 opened a new area in IR detector technology and has provided an unprecedented degree of freedom in infrared detector design. Many of these advances were transferred to IR astronomy from Departments of Defence research. Later on civilian applications of infrared technology are frequently called “dual-use technology applications.” One should point out the growing utilisation of IR technologies in the civilian sphere based on the use of new materials and technologies, as well as the noticeable price decrease in these high cost technologies. In the last four decades different types of detectors are combined with electronic readouts to make detector focal plane arrays (FPAs). Development in FPA technology has revolutionized infrared imaging. Progress in integrated circuit design and fabrication techniques has resulted in continued rapid growth in the size and performance of these solid state arrays.

Clementina Battcock

Paula López Caballero y Ariadna Acevedo-Rodrigo, Más allá de la identidad indígena. Ciudad de México, Grano de Sal/Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2025.

Qide Jin, Yeping Wang, Kun Zhang et al.

Abstract Daphnia can avoid predation by sensing fish kairomones and producing inducible defenses by altering the phenotype. In this study, the results showed that the morphological and life‐history strategies of two Daphnia species (Daphnia pulex and Daphnia sinensis) exposed to Aristichthys nobilis kairomones. In the presence of fish kairomones, the two Daphnia species exhibited significantly smaller body length at maturity, smaller body length of offspring at the 10th instar, and longer relative tail spine of offspring. Nevertheless, other morphological and life‐history traits of the two Daphnia species differed. D. pulex showed a significantly longer relative tail spine length and earlier age at maturity after exposure to fish kairomones. The total offspring number of D. sinensis exposed to fish kairomones was significantly higher than that of the control group, whereas that of D. pulex was significantly lower. These results suggest that the two Daphnia species have different inducible defense strategies (e.g., morphological and life‐history traits) during prolonged exposure to A. nobilis kairomones, and their offspring also develop morphological defenses to avoid predation. It will provide reference for further exploring the adaptive evolution of Daphnia morphology and life‐history traits in the presence of planktivorous fish.