Mahmoud Soltani Firouz, Khaled Mohi-Alden, M. Omid
The emergence of many new food products on the market with need of consumers to constantly monitor their quality until consuming, in addition to the necessity for reducing food corruption during preservation time, have led to the development of some modern packaging technologies such as intelligent packaging (IP) and active packaging (AP). The benefits of IP are detecting defects, quality monitoring and tracking the packaged food products to control the storage conditions from the production stage to the consumption stage by using various sensors and indicators such as time-temperature indicators (TTIs), gas indicators, humidity sensors, optical, calorimetric and electrochemical biosensors. While, AP helps to increase the shelf-life of products by using absorbing and diffusion systems for various materials like carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ethanol. However, there are some important issues over these emerging technologies including cost, marketability, consumer acceptance, safety and organoleptic quality of the food and emphatically environmental safety concerns. Therefore, future researches should be conducted to solve these problems and to prompt applications of IP and AP in the food industry. This paper reviews the latest innovations in these advanced packaging technologies and their applications in food industry. The IP systems namely indicators, barcoding techniques, radio frequency identification systems, sensors and biosensor are reviewed and then the latest innovations in AP methods including scavengers, diffusion systems and antimicrobial packaging are reviewed in detail.
Significance Carbon dioxide (CO2) drives climate change when released to the atmosphere. Alternatively, CO2 could be captured and utilized as carbon source for chemicals. Here, we provide a global assessment of the technical climate change mitigation potential of carbon capture and utilization (CCU) in the chemical industry. We develop an engineering-level model of the global chemical industry representing 75% of current greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The model allows us to analyze the potential disruptive changes through large-scale CO2 utilization and resulting emission reductions. Our study shows that CCU has the technical potential to lead to a carbon-neutral chemical industry and decouple chemical production from fossil resources. This transition, however, would cause largely increased mass flows and demand for low-carbon electricity. Chemical production is set to become the single largest driver of global oil consumption by 2030. To reduce oil consumption and resulting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, carbon dioxide can be captured from stacks or air and utilized as alternative carbon source for chemicals. Here, we show that carbon capture and utilization (CCU) has the technical potential to decouple chemical production from fossil resources, reducing annual GHG emissions by up to 3.5 Gt CO2-eq in 2030. Exploiting this potential, however, requires more than 18.1 PWh of low-carbon electricity, corresponding to 55% of the projected global electricity production in 2030. Most large-scale CCU technologies are found to be less efficient in reducing GHG emissions per unit low-carbon electricity when benchmarked to power-to-X efficiencies reported for other large-scale applications including electro-mobility (e-mobility) and heat pumps. Once and where these other demands are satisfied, CCU in the chemical industry could efficiently contribute to climate change mitigation.
Highlights • Application of fsQCA to analyze the future impact of digital transformation on the automotive industry.• The disruptive effect of the introduction of electric vehicles on the market is considered.• Government policies regarding the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the automotive sector have been taken into account.• The methodology has been successfully applied to the automotive industry in Spain.• Small and medium-sized enterprises lack digital transformation strategies, which may have a dramatic effect in the long term in Spain.
Highlights • This paper analyzes the effects of COVID-19 on the U.S. stock market volatility at the industry level.• The market switching AR model is used to identify regime change from lower volatility to higher volatility.• Petroleum and natural gas, restaurants, hotels and lodgings industries exhibit large increases in risk.• Machine learning (ML) feature selection methods are used to identify influential economic indicators.• Changes in the volatility are found to be more sensitive to COVID-19 news than economic indicators.
Abstract In the context of global climate change, greenhouse gas emissions have become increasingly serious. Steel companies make a great contribution to the annual CO2 emissions, making this industry one of the key contributors to climate change. Many countries are paying high attention to the emission reduction technologies in the steel industry, and a trend has been established focusing on the reform and innovative changes of steel companies. Amidst this backdrop, the methods and technologies in the World regarding energy saving and emission reductions are reviewed in the article. Moreover, this article also selected projects like the COURSE50 project in Japan, the FINEX-CEM project in Korea, the hydrogen metallurgy projects in China, the ULCOS project in Europe, the ‘H2 Future’ project in Austria, the HYBRIT project in Sweden, the Carbon2Chem and SALCOS projects in Germany, molten oxide electrolysis and hydrogen flash smelting project in the US, to optimize the current metallurgical industry and to display the development direction and progresses that have been made. The existing projects investigate the coke substitution and treatment of by-product gases, and the technology symbolizing the future development trends of the metallurgical industry, which is the cutting-edge research at this time.
The required energy of the global industry is mostly generated from fossil fuel sources, such as natural gas, gasoline, diesel, oil, and coal. Nitrogen oxides are one of the main air pollutants that are produced from the combustion of fossil fuels in stationary and mobile sources. Development of new technologies to decrease the NOx emission from exhaust gases is essential due to the harmful effect of NOx on the environment and human health. Compared with pre-combustion and combustion methods (with <50% NOx removal efficiency), the post-combustion methods with higher efficiency (above 80%) have attracted more attention in NOx elimination. This review describes the currently used technologies of NOx abatement. Different available post-combustion methods of NOx removal, including selective catalytic reduction (using different types of reducing reagents, including ammonia, hydrogen, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide), selective noncatalytic reduction, wet scrubbing, adsorption, electron beam, nonthermal plasma, and electrochemical reduction of NOx, are discussed.
The sensitive detection of explosive and flammable gases is an extremely important safety consideration in today's industry. Identification of trace amounts of nonpolar analytes at ambient temperatures, however, is still a challenge because of their weak adsorption, and very few studies have been able to achieve it via a chemiresistive mechanism. Herein, we demonstrate the high performance of 2D vanadium carbide MXene (V2CT x) gas sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity toward nonpolar gases. The fabricated 2D V2CT x sensor devices consisting of single-/few-layer 2D V2CT x on polyimide film were able to detect both polar and nonpolar chemical species including hydrogen and methane with a very low limit of detection of 2 and 25 ppm, respectively, at room temperature (23 °C). The performance of the fabricated V2CT x gas sensors in detection of nonpolar gases surpasses that of previously reported state-of-the-art gas sensors based on other 2D materials.
Sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) are critical for sustainably transitioning the aviation sector into low-carbon status depending on the type of feedstock and technology. However, studies on the key factors that drive these environmental benefits, and the effect of emerging technologies such as biomanufacturing would have on SAF production in the future are limited. Consequently, we assessed the environmental impact of bio-based SAF production and investigated the key drivers of its carbon footprint (greenhouse gas emissions), focusing on Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA), Alcohol-to-Jet (AtJ), and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) pathways. Using Australia as a case study alongside a global benchmark, this study decomposed the life-cycle carbon footprint of SAF production into carbon intensity, energy efficiency, scalability, cost competitiveness, and industry size factors. Results reveal that the energy efficiency factor significantly reduces the SAF production carbon footprint across all three pathways. The scalability factor was a dominant challenge that greatly influenced the carbon footprint of SAF production across global scenarios, especially for HEFA and AtJ, while for Australia the effects of the scalability factor were smaller though remain a noticeable challenge for AtJ. The decomposition results in Australia resemble mostly the high- and very high- SAF production scenarios globally. Results of a sensitivity analysis suggest that biomanufacturing potentially enhances emission reductions for various SAF feedstocks in both Australia and globally, particularly for oilseed-based pathways in Australia.
Abdulaziz M. Al-Abdulla, Nafis Mahmud, Sabla Y. Alnouri
et al.
Produced water, generated as a byproduct of oil and gas extraction, is a complex mixture characterized by high salinity and the presence of hydrocarbons, heavy metals, salts, and production-related chemicals. Its large volume and pollutant load pose significant environmental and operational challenges, making effective treatment and disposal essential for environmental protection. This study presents a systematic bibliometric analysis of produced water treatment research based on the Scopus database. It examines seven key dimensions of the research landscape: publication growth, keyword patterns, productive countries, institutions, and influential journals. A total of 1423 Scopus-indexed articles published between 1977 and 2024 were reviewed using a targeted search strategy focused on produced water in the oil and gas sector. The analysis highlights the most active contributors in terms of publication output and citations. Additionally, VOSviewer software was used to identify research trends and map networks among keywords and citations. Bibliometric trends indicate that future research should prioritize environmental impact, techno-economic assessment, and life-cycle analysis of produced water treatment. Emerging technologies, such as electrochemical and biological treatments, as well as monetizing produced water through the recovery of valuable minerals are gaining attention. The insights from this bibliometric review help to identify active research areas in produced water treatment and provide a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders working toward more effective and sustainable treatment solutions.
Environmental effects of industries and plants, Economic growth, development, planning
ObjectivePipeline steel, a high-strength low-alloy steel, is ideal for large-scale, long-distance liquid ammonia transport. However, the pipeline girth weld—a structurally vulnerable zone—is prone to stress corrosion cracking from impurities and stress in a liquid ammonia environment, posing serious risks to pipeline safety. Therefore, investigating the stress corrosion laws of girth welds under complex transport conditions is essential to ensure the long service life of liquid ammonia pipelines. MethodsTo investigate the stress corrosion behavior of girth welds in L360 grade longitudinal submerged arc welded pipes exposed to liquid ammonia, C-ring stress corrosion tests were conducted at 50％, 75％, and 100％ of yield strength (Re) in both pure liquid ammonia and liquid ammonia containing impurities (H2O mass fraction of 0.10, O2 mass fraction of 0.20, CO2 mass fraction of 0.15, N2 mass fraction of 0.40). A systematic study was conducted on corrosion rate, micromorphology, and corrosion products based on micromorphology characterization and corrosion product analysis. ResultsThe C-ring specimen of the girth weld in L360 grade longitudinal submerged arc welded pipes exhibited almost no corrosion in pure liquid ammonia. However, in liquid ammonia containing impurities, impurities and stress synergistically accelerated corrosion. Impurities such as H2O and O2 promoted the formation of Fe(OH)3 and Fe2O3 on the weld surface. Under stress, the corrosion product layer cracked, with surface cracks increasing significantly as stress levels rose. Although applied stress did not cause significant longitudinal extending cracks, it heightened pitting corrosion susceptibility on the specimen’s backside. In addition, corrosion micromorphology analysis indicated that welds were more susceptible to stress corrosion than the base metal: the corrosion product layer cracked in the base metal zone at 100％Re, whereas cracking in the weld corrosion zone occurred at 50％Re. ConclusionWhen L360 longitudinal submerged arc welded pipes are used to transport liquid ammonia, strict control of impurity content in liquid ammonia, stress on the pipe material, and girth weld quality is essential to minimize stress corrosion cracking risk and ensure pipeline safety.
Abstract Recently, with the development of “Industry 4.0”, “Oil and Gas 4.0” has also been put on the agenda in the past two years. Some companies and experts believe that “Oil and Gas 4.0” can completely change the status quo of the oil and gas industry, which can bring huge benefits because it accelerates the digitization and intelligentization of the oil and gas industry. However, the “Oil and Gas 4.0” is still in its infancy. Therefore, this paper systematically introduces the concept and core technologies of “Oil and Gas 4.0”, such as big data and the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Moreover, this paper analyzes typical application scenarios of the oil and gas industry chain (upstream, midstream and downstream) through examples, such as intelligent oilfield, intelligent pipeline, and intelligent refinery. It is concluded that the essence of “Oil and Gas 4.0” is a data-driven intelligence system based on the highly digitization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first academic peer-reviewed paper on the “Oil and Gas 4.0” era, aiming to let more oil and gas industry personnel understand its benefits and application scenarios, so as to better apply it to practical engineering in the future. In the discussion section, this paper also analyzes the opportunities and difficulties that may be brought about by the “Oil and Gas 4.0” era. Finally, relevant policy recommendations are proposed.
The pipeline system in the oil and gas industry is the heart for transportation of crude and refined petroleum. Nevertheless, continuous exposure of the pipeline surfaces to impurities and sources of corrosion such as sulfur and chromate is totally unavoidable. Vast employment of commercial corrosion inhibitors to minimize the corrosion is being restrained due to toxicity towards the environment. The emergence of “green” chemistry has led to the use of plant extracts and fruit wastes which have proven to be good corrosion inhibitors. This paper aims to provide insight into carrying out further investigation under this research theme for accurate inhibition efficiency measurement.
The oil and gas industry is widely recognized as a safety-critical sector, defined by its complex operations and inherent dangers. While safety training is essential for ensuring compliance and preventing injuries, its actual effectiveness on occupational safety outcomes is often comes into questioned. This study investigates the factors that contribute to the effectiveness of safety training and its subsequent impact on accident rates in the workplace. Using a quantitative survey to collect data from 352 employees of PT XYZ, a multinational oil and gas service provider in Indonesia. Through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), we assessed how seven variables - training environment, training content, self-efficacy, motivation to learn, trainer quality, training plan, and management support – influence training effectiveness and accident rates. Our findings reveal that while a structured training plan and strong management support are significant organizational drivers, individual factors-specifically self-efficacy and motivation to learn-emerge as the most influential determinants of training effectiveness. The results suggest that the lack of influence from technical training aspects, such as training environment, training content, and trainer quality, may be explained by the company’s heterogeneous workforce and its established, mature safety framework. These results offer valuable, actionable insights for companies seeking to improve safety performance through strategic training interventions. Ultimately, this research provides practical guidance for enhancing safety and contributes to the goals of Sustainable Development Goal 8 by fostering safer and more secure working environments. Keywords: Safety Training, Training Effectiveness, Occupational Safety, Oil and Gas Industry, PLS-SEM, SDG 8.
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the application of three clean energy engines— Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), hydrogen, and ammonia— in the shipping industry. The shipping industry is increasingly exploring clean energy alternatives to reduce its carbon footprint. LNG is one of the most established and widely adopted options, owing to its mature technology and reduced emissions compared to conventional fuels. However, it remains a non-renewable resource and still produces some pollution, making it a less-than-ideal solution for long-term sustainability. Hydrogen, with its high combustion efficiency and zero direct emissions, holds promise as a truly clean fuel. Nonetheless, it faces significant obstacles, including high costs related to production, storage, and transportation, as well as safety concerns due to hydrogen embrittlement and flammability. Ammonia offers the potential for zero-carbon emissions and can be produced using renewable energy sources. Yet, its use is limited by poor combustion characteristics and high corrosiveness, which pose challenges for engine design and material durability. This article delves into the advantages and limitations of these three fuels, focusing on aspects such as corrosion resistance, transportation logistics, pollution levels, friction reduction, and combustion efficiency. The paper concludes by examining future development directions for each energy source within the maritime sector, highlighting the importance of continued innovation to achieve sustainable shipping practices.
A. León, Ítalo G. M. da Silva, K. Pangilinan
et al.
Abstract Proper material selection has been one of the most important aspects in the design of chemical process equipment. In particular, the oil and gas industry has transitioned from using metals to non-metals (e.g. advanced and high performance polymeric materials) in most of their structural components, coatings, equipment parts, and the like. It is therefore imperative to understand the advantages and limitations of these polymer materials before they can be effectively used for a specific application. This review article aims to provide an overview of the properties, applications, and durability against reactivity and degradation of high performance polymers commonly used in the oil and gas industry. These include polysulfone, polyetherimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyetheretherketone, fluoropolymers, and other high performance thermosets, elastomers, and polymer nanocomposites. This article also covers the current research efforts in improving the properties of high performance polymers and expanding their applications (including 3D printing or additive manufacturing) in the oil and gas industry.
Abstract A set of nine unique tobacco extract samples was analyzed using a self-developed electronic nose (E-nose) system, a commercial E-nose, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The evaluation employed principal component analysis, statistical quality control, and soft independent modeling of class analogies (SIMCA). These multifaceted statistical methods scrutinized the collected data. Subsequently, a quality control model was devised to assess the stability of the sample quality. The results showed that the custom E-nose system could successfully distinguish between tobacco extracts with similar odors. After further training and the development of a quality control model for accepted tobacco extracts, it was possible to identify samples with normal and abnormal quality. To further validate our E-nose and extend its use within the tobacco industry, we collected and accurately classified the flavors of different tobacco leaf positions, with a remarkable accuracy rate of 0.9744. This finding facilitates the practical application of our E-nose system for the efficient identification of tobacco leaf positions.
Vladimir Maricinov, Dusan Orac, Iveta Vaskova
et al.
This paper presents a literature review on the processing of used lithium-ion batteries in both industry and research. On an industrial scale, lithium-ion batteries are primarily processed through pyrometallurgical methods, leading to incomplete utilisation of lithium cells. On the other hand, the hydrometallurgical route of recycling lithium-ion batteries poses challenges, such as large-scale discharging or inert gas pretreatment, largely due to explosion hazards. Modern methods of lithium-ion battery recycling are oriented toward refining the leach liquor through solvent extraction methods using D2EHPA and Cyanex 272, to recover Co, Mn, and Ni. The final Li product is obtained through Na2CO3 precipitation.