Hasil untuk "Encyclopedias"

Peter Øhrstrøm, P. Hasle

Girish C. Shukla, Jagjit Singh, S. Barik

Editors-in-chief, D. Grant, R. Harris

E. Tylor

A. Bard

J. Harborne

J. Kroschwitz, H. Mark

E. Weisstein

D. Crystal

Now in its third edition, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language provides the most comprehensive coverage of the history, structure and worldwide use of English. Fully updated and expanded, with a fresh redesigned layout, and over sixty audio resources to bring language extracts to life, it covers all aspects of the English language including the history of English, with new pages on Shakespeare's vocabulary and pronunciation, updated statistics on global English use that now cover all countries and the future of English in a post-Brexit Europe, regional and social variations, with fresh insights into the growing cultural identities of 'new Englishes', English in everyday use with new sections on gender identities, forensic studies, and 'big data' in corpus linguistics, and digital developments, including the emergence of new online varieties in social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp. Packed with brand new colour illustrations, photographs, maps, tables and graphs, this new edition is an essential tool for a new generation of twenty-first-century English language enthusiasts.

S. Celniker, Laura A. L. Dillon, M. Gerstein et al.

Despite the successes of genomics, little is known about how genetic information produces complex organisms. A look at the crucial functional elements of fly and worm genomes could change that. The National Human Genome Research Institute's modENCODE project (the model organism ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements) was set up in 2007 with the goal of identifying all the sequence-based functional elements in the genomes of two important experimental organisms, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Armed with modENCODE data, geneticists will be able to undertake the comprehensive molecular studies of regulatory networks that hold the key to how complex multicellular organisms arise from the list of instructions coded in the genome. In this issue, modENCODE team members outline their plan of campaign. Data from the project are to be made available on http://www.modencode.org and elsewhere as the work progresses.

F. Beukers

N. Salkind

C. A. Sloan, Esther T. Chan, Jean M. Davidson et al.

The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project is in its third phase of creating a comprehensive catalog of functional elements in the human genome. This phase of the project includes an expansion of assays that measure diverse RNA populations, identify proteins that interact with RNA and DNA, probe regions of DNA hypersensitivity, and measure levels of DNA methylation in a wide range of cell and tissue types to identify putative regulatory elements. To date, results for almost 5000 experiments have been released for use by the scientific community. These data are available for searching, visualization and download at the new ENCODE Portal (www.encodeproject.org). The revamped ENCODE Portal provides new ways to browse and search the ENCODE data based on the metadata that describe the assays as well as summaries of the assays that focus on data provenance. In addition, it is a flexible platform that allows integration of genomic data from multiple projects. The portal experience was designed to improve access to ENCODE data by relying on metadata that allow reusability and reproducibility of the experiments.

ENCODEConsortium

lmoyautilisateurs

Zhi-Ming Yu, Zeying Zhang, Gui-Bin Liu et al.

The past decade has witnessed a surge of interest in exploring emergent particles in condensed matter systems. Novel particles, emerged as excitations around exotic band degeneracy points, continue to be reported in real materials and artificially engineered systems, but so far, we do not have a complete picture on all possible types of particles that can be achieved. Here, via systematic symmetry analysis and modeling, we accomplish a complete list of all possible particles in time-reversal-invariant systems. This includes both spinful particles such as electron quasiparticles in solids, and spinless particles such as phonons or even excitations in electric-circuit and mechanical networks. We establish detailed correspondence between the particle, the symmetry condition, the effective model, and the topological character. This obtained encyclopedia concludes the search for novel emergent particles and provides concrete guidance to achieve them in physical systems.

S. Hannabuss

A. Chevallier

L. Vogler

Charles W. Scheel

The reedition of the collection of short stories Féfé et Doudou, Martiniquaises has allowed to unearth the works of the couple of women writers and lovers Claude and Magdeleine Carbet, produced with four hands over some thirty years between Paris and Martinique. Recent studies have reminded of the long neglected role played by other Martinique women, such as Suzanne Césaire and the Nardal sisters, in Antillean cultural life. As it happened, Claude and Magdeleine Carbet, who met at the Pensionnat for girls of Fort-de-France, belonged to the same intellectual and artistic networks of colonial France, active in Paris between the two World wars. We remind here of the bold public conference given by Olympe Claude for the 1931 inauguration of a mixed masonic lodge called « L’émancipation des femmes » in Fort-de-France, and of the extraordinary work furnished by the two writers as founders and managers of the monthly colonial bulletin Ceux d’outre-mer in Paris from 1937 to 1939. Reunited in Fort-de-France after 1945, they opened a library in the city center and animated together, for over twelve years, the cultural scene of a Martinique now integrated in the « Union française ». Their collections of poems, songs and short stories –composed in an exceptional sisterly spirit– are certainly impregnated with a « regional » culture, but cannot be reduced to an exotic « doudouiste » production, though Jack Corzani sometimes did so in his monumental encyclopedias.