Hasil untuk "Economics as a science"

L. Zadeh

Mustafa Torun, Cüneyt Kılıç, Ahmet Tayfur Akcan et al.

Ecological footprint calculations evaluate sustainability by examining natural resources. The ecological footprint obtained by calculating the number of natural resources per person provides information about the amount of waste produced as well as the natural resources consumed and examines the sustainability of living conditions in the world in this respect. The ecological footprint is one of the frequently encountered topics in the literature in terms of the analysis of environmental impacts. This study examines the factors influencing the Ecological Footprint in Turkey. Using annual data between 1980 and 2018, the relationship of renewable energy consumption, human capital and urbanization variables to the Ecological Footprint is examined. The Fractional Fourier Augmented Dickey Fuller Unit Root Test and the Fourier Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bound Test is used in the study. There is a statistically significant relationship between the renewable energy, human capital and urbanization variables and the Ecological Footprint. When the outputs obtained in the study are examined, it is seen that the variables affect the ecological footprint. The increased value of these variables can be used to explain why the Ecological Footprint increased. Increasing industrial activities due to globalization and technological developments, increasing vehicle traffic in cities due to population growth, unplanned urbanization and destruction of green areas due to the sheltering needs of the increasing population, inability of recycling facilities to adapt to the increasing population and unplanned waste management, etc. factors can increase the ecological footprint. However, as urbanization increases, if a correct plan is drawn by taking these factors into consideration, the negative correlation between the ecological footprint and urbanization can be explained. Within the determined plan; Wastewater management, protection of green areas, prevention of unplanned urbanization and efficient use of resources are explanatory at this point. The empirical findings have important policy implications. According to these policy implications, to offset the effects on the ecological footprint, educational activities to raise environmental awareness and adopt energy-efficient lifestyles should be given due importance, various incentives and supports should be implemented and a green-based lifestyle.

Kasprzyk Beata

The subject-matter and aim of this paper is to present the extent of poverty and economic and social exclusion in the countries of the European Union (EU-27). The specific aim is the comparative assessment and reduction of these processes between 2011 and 2022.

Ольга Гірна

У статті розкрито сутність концепції Кайдзен. Першочерговий аспект зосереджено на теоретичній базі, зокрема, підкреслено важливість безперервного вдосконалення процесів виробництва, розробки допоміжних бізнес-процесів, управління ними. Представлено взаємозв’язок Кайдзену з теорією загального управління якістю (ТQM), що дозволяє виокремити три основні напрями функціонування з орієнтацією на якість. Розкрито практичні аспекти реалізації Lean Production (LP) та Just-in-time (JIT) на основі Кайдзену. Пріоритетну роль в дослідженні відведено Інституту Кайдзену, який зосереджує свою увагу на навчанні, сертифікації та бенчмаркінгу у напрямі Кайдзен. Підкреслено важливість розроблення моделі TFL, яка дає можливість покращити процеси в цілому ланцюгу постачання. Окреслено нові прогресивні напрями розвитку даної концепції (Гемба Кайдзен, Бліц Кайдзен).

Олег Микитин, Анастасія Рогожинська

Стаття присвячена дослідженню сучасних особливостей гармонійного розвитку стратегічного управління за умов цифровізування. Досліджено перспективи для гармонійного економічного розвитку на основі застосування переваг цифровізування при формування систем стратегічного управління. В статті охарактеризовано ключові аспектів стратегічного управління за умов цифровізування. Визначено, що цифровізування, активне запровадження, розвивання новітніх технологій у діяльності підприємств спричинятиме також зміни (динаміку) у підходах щодо забезпечування конкурентних позицій на ринках. Розглянуто основні ефекти від цифровізування вітчизняного підприємництва. Запропоновано механізм застосування цифрових інструментів (цифровізування) в процесі формування, розвитку конкурентних переваг вітчизняних підприємств, який базуватиметься на основних їх бізнес-процесах.

A. Oshchepkov, A. Shirokanova

Many datasets used in the social sciences have a hierarchical structure, where lower units of aggregation are 'nested' in higher units. In many disciplines, such data are analyzed using multilevel modeling (MLM, also known as hierarchical linear modeling). However, MLM as a framework is relatively unknown in economics. Instead, economists use a range of separate econometric methods, including cluster-robust standard errors, fixed effects models, models with cross-level interactions, and estimated dependent variable models. Relying on an extensive literature review, this paper describes this methodological divide and provides a detailed comparison between MLM and 'economic methods' in their abilities to deal with three methodological challenges inherent in multilevel data ‒ clustering, omitted variables, and coefficients' heterogeneity across groups. We unfold the comparative advantages of these two methodological approaches and provide practical recommendations about which of them should be used, why, and in what settings.

A. Siders, Andrea L. Pierce

Andrey A. Zharkikh, Galina V. Shagrova

This item presents the results of research into the methods employed for latent image development. The author proposes a definition for a system of latent image development and control, which comprises the features of all latent images.

E. Czibor, David Jimenez-Gomez, John A. List et al.

What was once broadly viewed as an impossibility—learning from experimental data in economics—has now become commonplace. Governmental bodies, think tanks, and corporations around the world employ teams of experimental researchers to answer their most pressing questions. For their part, in the past two decades academics have begun to more actively partner with organizations to generate data via field experimentation. Although this revolution in evidence‐based approaches has served to deepen the economic science, recently a credibility crisis has caused even the most ardent experimental proponents to pause. This study takes a step back from the burgeoning experimental literature and introduces 12 actions that might help to alleviate this credibility crisis and raise experimental economics to an even higher level. In this way, we view our “12 action wish list” as discussion points to enrich the field.

Editorial Office

No abstract available

Dorin BIBICU

Nowdays the password encryption is an indispensable job used in software developing process in order to secure the important information. In this work it is proposed an original and efficient algorithm capable to encrypt a password. In this regard we considered the following terms: real password and encrypted password. The encryption algorithm is based on an original method of character processing.

M. Kruk, S. Kujawski, Cheryl A. Moyer et al.

V. V. Degtyareva, D. A. Sozaeva

The transformation of managerial decision-making processes in the digital economy, the modification of the boundaries of the personal space of an employee and manager (manager) when making collegial decisions through social networks and other modern communication tools have been investigated. The problems of assessing the quality of such decisions, the ways and tools of their elimination have been considered. The information base of the article were Russian and foreign researches in the field of management theory and practice, personal observations of the authors, as well as the results of the experiment, conducted by the authors. Such methods of scientific research as analysis, synthesis, generalization, experiment have been used.

Viktoriya Zhelanova

<span class="fontstyle0">The article substantiates the relevance and expediency of the implementation of reflexively oriented education of a future teacher in a modern institution of higher education. The essence of reflexive constructs of the future teacher as unity of reflexive competence and reflexively deterministic constructs is revealed. The reflexive competence of the future teacher is defined as professional-personal metaquality and is represented in two planes: 1) as an independent construct; 2) as a determinant, which determines the development of reflexively saturated constructs. In the context of reflexive determination, the motivational, semantic and subjective fields of personality are presented. The directions of the process of transformation of components of reflexive competence, as well as motives, meanings, professional subjectivity in the plane of their reflexive determination are revealed. The phenomenon of the educational environment of the institution of higher education is analyzed and attention is focused on its reflexive orientation. The logic and peculiarities of the formation of reflexive constructs of the future teacher in accordance with the phases of the environment (adaptation to the environment, the active reproduction of the environment by students, the active influence of students on the environment and the independent creation of the environment) are highlighted.</span> <br />

Achmad Yanuar Irwan, Anak Agung Gde Satia Utama

Global warming, climate change, carbon emissions, disaster, threatened species, waste, etc are externalities of growth and development of the industries and human activities and needs. Sustainable Development is a concept that is offered to achieve balance and sustainability. Company as one of the contributors in environmental damage responds it by corporate social responsibility and environmental management system. This study aims to explore the implementation of environmental accounting for sustainable value creation and explore the recognition and disclosure of the maintenance activities within the PT. Pertamina Geothermal Energy (PGE). The research method is qualitative exploratory. The results show that the company has been carrying out various environmental activities either directly or indirectly related to the production process. Accountability for the implementation of these activities encourage creating sustainable added value for the company. PGE perform recognition and disclosure of environmental activities and costs according to the principles of environmental accounting and PSAK No. 33. PGE has environmental income from the sale of carbon credits CDM’s program is recognized as other income. In addition, PGE has been compiled Sustainability Report according to the guidelines of Global Reporting Initiative (GRI).

Oluwatoyin Frederick IDOWU

The study investigated the relationship between employees’ expectation (EE) and organizational silence (OS). Design/Methodology: A survey of one hundred and eight (108) working class Professional Master Students was carried out eliciting responses through a self- constructed instrument that has Cronbach alpha of 0.864 and 0.825 reliability values for employees’ expectation and organizational silence respectively. Both Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regressions statistics were used to test the stated research hypotheses. Findings: It was found that employees’ expectations have a strong positive and statistically significant relationship with organization silence. The indices of employee expectations: employee control (EC), employee ownership (EO) and employee appreciation (EA) separately correlate positively and significantly with organization silence. The study also showed that they are strong predictors of organizational silence except employee control that is somewhat a weak predictor. In combination however, employee expectation is a strong, positive and significant predictor of organizational silence. The influence of employees’ expectations of control, appreciation and ownership explained 30.5% of organization silence. Conclusion/recommendation: The study established that the types of organization silence are not limited to the three existing one of quiescent, acquiescent and pro-social but also include accrual benefits. Also, the motives for organization silence of resignation, fear and other-oriented, were extended to include self-oriented benefits. Research implications: Organization scholars, business owners and researchers should seek for the expectations of the employees as they contribute to change and work related improvement in the quest to stem the tide of silence behaviour climate in business organization.

Ricky Febrianto Afandi, Wendra Hartono

Perusahaan keluarga atau family business adalah perusahaan yang akan diwariskan dari satu generasi ke generasi berikutnya. Salah satu keunggulan perusahaan keluarga adalah sumber daya berupa pengetahuan yang diwariskan dari satu generasi ke generasi berikutnya karena salah satu ciri khas dari perusahaan keluarga adalah cenderung memilih pemimpin penerus perusahaan yang merupakan anggota keluarga daripada merekrut pekerja profesional yang lebih kompeten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis preferensi gaya kepimpinan dari generasi pertama dan generasi kedua dalam perusahaan keluarga Mahkota Elektronik. Penelitian ini menggunakan narasumber yang terdiri dari 1 orang pakar akademisi dari universitas ciputra, 2 orang pemimpin perusahaan keluarga generasi pertama dan kedua dan 2 orang karyawan perusahaan keluarga. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2 gaya kepemimpinan sebagai tolak ukur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis triangulasi dari wawancara dengan para narasumber. Hasil analisis ini mendapati bahwa generasi pertama cenderung memiliki gaya kepemimpinan transformasional dan generasi kedua cenderung memiliki gaya kepemimpinan transaksional. Preferensi dari karyawan adalah gaya kepemimpinan transformasional karena dirasa lebih efektif dalam memberikan motivasi karyawan dalam bekerja secara maksimal.

Сергей Викторович Гриценко, Елена Александровна Сулейманова

В статье рассмотрены понятия инновационной активности и инновационного потенциала региона с целью их дальнейшего изучения при помощи статистического инструментария, проанализированы различные методики расчета, предложенные в экономической литературе, дана их сравнительная характеристика. Предложена методика оценки инновационного развития территорий путем построения Регионального индекса инноваций (РИИ), основанная на анализе компонент инновационного потенциала и факторов, его определяющих.

Pavel E. Shenderey, Evgeniy E. Shenderey, Iraida N. Romanova

Modern researches show that intersubject communications atinitial stages of their inclusion in cognitive activity of studentsplay a role of the situational starting, inducing incentive. The knowledge gained by students as a result of the previousexperience of assimilation of intersubject communicationsbecomes regulators of its informa-tive activity at any stage ofinclusion of intersubject communications in cognitive activityand developments of research competence.

Darwin Ordóñez Iturralde, Susana Hinojosa Dazza

El diseño de las políticas de un país debe evaluar el comportamiento de las principales variables macroeconómicas. La evolución de los sectores productivos en una economía abierta tiene un impacto directo en las distintas actividades productivas, particularmente cuando muchas de ellas tienen relación directa con el mercado internacional y más aún cuando éste se caracteriza por un considerable grado de inestabilidad. Este documento busca analizar e identificar el impacto de las políticas comerciales y las relaciones internacionales del Ecuador como componentes de la política exterior identificadas en el Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir que promueve el cambio de la matriz productiva y que se ven reflejados en documentos oficiales.