Phimlikid Kaewhanam, Kathanyoo Kaewhanam, Eko Priyo Purnomo
et al.
IntroductionPoverty remains a persistent and complex challenge in Thailand, particularly in structurally disadvantaged provinces such as Kalasin. Despite multiple national development strategies, poverty rates in Kalasin have remained consistently high over the past decade. This study addresses the structural factors influencing poverty alleviation using the Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLF) as the theoretical lens.MethodsA longitudinal quantitative design was applied using household survey data from 2020 (n = 9,390), 2021 (n = 2,549), and 2023 (n = 1,949). The analysis focused on five forms of livelihood capital—human, physical, financial, natural, and social—and examined their changing significance over time. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to evaluate interrelationships among these capitals and their impact on poverty outcomes. Model robustness was ensured through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), bootstrapping for bias correction, and multicollinearity diagnostics using VIF scores. Model fit was excellent across all years (RMSEA < 0.01, CFI and TLI > 0.98).ResultsFinancial capital was the dominant contributor to poverty reduction in 2020 and 2023, whereas social capital exhibited the strongest influence in 2021, reflecting the short-term benefits of community-based support during economic and social stress. Human capital maintained a moderate and stable effect across all years, while physical capital consistently showed the least contribution to poverty alleviation.Discussion and conclusionThe findings suggest that poverty alleviation in Kalasin requires an integrated policy approach that combines capability enhancement with structural responsiveness. Investments should prioritize financial capital while fostering social and human capital resilience, particularly during times of crisis. This research provides a predictive model for capital investment prioritization and contributes to policy design for sustainable poverty reduction in rural provinces.
Alessandro Bellina, Paolo Buttà, Vito D. P. Servedio
Economic complexity algorithms aim to uncover the hidden capabilities that drive economic systems. Here, we present a fundamental reinterpretation of two of these algorithms, the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) and the Economic Fitness and Complexity (EFC), by reformulating them as optimization problems that minimize specific cost functions. We show that ECI computation is equivalent to finding eigenvectors of the network's transition matrix by minimizing the quadratic form associated with the network's Laplacian. For EFC, we derive a novel cost function that exploits the algorithm's intrinsic logarithmic structure and clarifies the role of the regularization parameter in its non-homogeneous version. Additionally, we establish the existence and uniqueness of its solution, providing theoretical foundations for its application. This optimization-based reformulation bridges economic complexity and established frameworks in spectral theory, network science, and optimization. The theoretical insights translate into practical computational advantages: we introduce a conservative, gradient-based update rule that substantially accelerates algorithmic convergence, with potential implications for a broader class of algorithms, including the Sinkhorn-Knopp method. Finally, we apply the energetic framework to a real-world trade network, demonstrating how link-wise energy provides a direct way to identify structurally relevant and vulnerable regions of the export matrix, thus complementing and enriching standard economic complexity analyses. Beyond advancing our theoretical understanding of economic complexity indicators, this work opens new pathways for algorithmic improvements and extends applicability to general network structures beyond traditional bipartite economic networks.
This paper proposes a framework for categorizing economic policies in a form of a tree taxonomy. The purpose of this approach is to construct an exhaustive and standardized list of actions that a governing authority has access to and can change to control an economy. This is advantageous from two perspectives: by having an exhaustive list of tools, it becomes easier to construct "complete" models (i.e., models that take in all empirical data and aim to simulate economic dynamics) of an economy and understand what the assumptions of these models are; and by knowing all available actions, economic strategies can be devised that target specific economic performance metrics with an exhaustive list of policies.
In this chapter, an input-output economic model with multiple interactive economic systems is considered. The model captures the multi-dimensional nature of the economic sectors or industries in each economic system, the interdependencies among industries within an economic system and across different economic systems, and the influence of demand. To determine the equilibrium price structure of the model, a matrix-weighted updating algorithm is proposed. The equilibrium price structure is proved to be globally asymptotically achieved when certain joint conditions on the matrix-weighted graph and the input-output matrices are satisfied. The theoretical results are then supported by numerical simulations.
Purpose: of the study is to substantiate the possibility of carrying out structural, spatial and technological modernization of the economy of the macroregion.Methods: the study used a systematic approach and the postulates of the modernization theory. The trend analysis was carried out with the help of statistical data. The predictive analytics methods were used to predict possible changes.Results: external shocks (economic crises and sanctions measures) to which the regions are exposed force them to adapt to a new condition and necessitate structural, spatial and technological modernization. The assessment of the structural state of the economy of the district based on the use of various statistical indicators revealed that the largest contribution to the creation of the regional domestic product is made by industries that belong to the non-manufacturing sector. There is nothing critical in this fact, but for lagging and problem regions, including the study district, it is most acceptable to ensure the dominance of industries in the manufacturing sector. It is possible to implement such an approach through structural, spatial and technological modernization.Many problems associated with changes in the structure of the economy are not solved due to the low technological base of enterprises in the real sector. Possible solutions to such problems are in the field of technological modernization and improving the quality of fixed capital. An important role in the implementation of these processes is assigned to the use of advanced technologies and special software products. To a greater extent, this applies to economic entities of the real sector, which form the framework of the economy.Conclusions and Relevance: the implementation of the modernization approach for the district is associated with certain problems. To solve them, it is possible to use various tools, including plans, strategies, programs, program-target management methods, and others. To carry out structural, spatial and technological modernization of the economy of the district, the most effective is the use of project management methods. The peculiarity of project management is that its methods can be adapted to the conditions of different regions, which differ in the parameters of socio-economic development.
If Economics is understood as the study of the interactions among intentional agents, being rationality the main source of intentional behavior, the mathematical tools that it requires must be extended to capture systemic effects. Here we choose an alternative toolbox based on Category Theory. We examine potential {\em level-agnostic} formalisms, presenting three categories, $\mathcal{PR}$, $\mathcal{G}$ and an encompassing one, $\mathcal{PR-G}$. The latter allows for representing dynamic rearrangements of the interactions among different agents.
Natural disasters affect about 200 million people annually. Heightened intimate partner violence (IPV) is a gendered impact of these disruptive events. This study examines prevalence and correlates of IPV in four Indian states-TamilNadu, Kerala, AndhraPradesh, and Karnataka-before and after the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004. Drawing on three waves of National Family Health Surveys of India-six years before, immediately after, and a decade after disaster, this paper evaluates if TamilNadu and Kerala (severely affected) exhibited higher prevalence of IPV than AndhraPradesh (moderately affected) and Karnataka (not directly affected). Logistic regression analyses determine association between IPV, state of residence (proxy for experience of disaster), and other covariates. To test hypotheses guided by vulnerability theory, IPV was regressed on socio-economic and demographic predictors for states across waves. IPV increased by 48% between 2005 and 2015. Increase in physical (61%) and sexual (232%) violence was highest in TamilNadu; emotional violence increased by 122% in Karnataka. State of residence was associated with IPV in the aftermath of disaster. In 2005, compared to Karnataka, odds of IPV were 98% higher in TamilNadu and 41% higher in Kerala. A decade after, odds were two times higher in TamilNadu than in Karnataka. Belonging to disadvantaged groups predicted higher odds of IPV in the year after disaster. Higher socio-economic status predicted lower odds of IPV, except in Kerala. Data point to ways in which socio-economic and demographic vulnerabilities factor into risk of IPV after disaster. Demographic factors of religion and caste appear to lose significance over time, but socio-economic factors continue to matter. Disaster response strategies seldom work without tackling long-standing inequities. Appropriate support systems for women and minorities in non-disaster situations are critical to ensure their conditions are not exacerbated.
Стаття присвячена феномену харизматичного лідерства. Представлено різні дефініції досліджуваного поняття. Констатується факт існування термінологічної мозаїчності та відсутності універсального наукового підходу щодо дослідження міждисциплінарного феномену «харизматичне лідерство». Подано сукупність домінант, які в комплексі утворюють універсальне «ядро» харизматичного лідера: успішність, що може бути як причиною, так і наслідком реалізації особистісного потенціалу; володіння владою, що дає можливість впливати на оточення; наявність оригінального менталітету, що розкривається через антистереотипність, неповторність та унікальність, новаторський життєвий стиль. Виокремлено теорію трансформаційного лідерства, що грунтується на біхевіористичному підході та вирізняється методологічною розробленістю. Акцентовано увагу на поліаспектності феномену харизматичного лідерства, що не розділяється на автономні елементи. Оскільки харизматичні якості лідера проявляються, насамперед, на емоційному рівні, доводиться факт належності цього феномену переважно не до раціональної сфери із парадигмою «homo economicus», а до сучасного наукового мейнстриму: поведінкової економіки. Зосереджено увагу також на негативних аспектах харизматичного лідерства: маніпулювання, псевдохаризматичність, висока ймовірність узурації влади. В публікації здійснена спроба вирішення ключової проблеми: харизматичні ознаки лідера притаманні йому виключно від народження, чи є можливість набути їх в процесі особистого розвитку? Наведено авторський підхід: наявність природних харизматичних задатків в лідера є обов'язковою, але недостатньою умовою; повноцінна самореалізація харизматичної особи підлягає еволюційному коригуванню шляхом синтезу вроджених та набутих лідерських якостей. Тобто харизматичність ідентифікується і як природня якість, і як набута.
AbstractWith the arrival of an infant, many households face increased demands on resources, changes in the composition of income, and a potentially heightened risk of income inadequacy. Changing household economic circumstances around a birth have implications for child and family well-being, women’s economic security, and public program design, yet have received little research attention in the United States. Using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, this study provides new descriptive evidence of month-to-month changes in household income adequacy and the composition of household income in the year before and after a birth. Results show evidence of significant declines in household income adequacy in the months around a birth, particularly for single mothers who live without other adults. Income from public benefit programs buffers but does not eliminate declines in income adequacy. Results have implications for policies targeted at this period, including public benefit and parental leave programs.
Indonesia shows a high prevalence rate of marriage at young age or underage marriage. The number of child marriages in Indonesia from 2008 to 2018 has shown a decline. In 2008-2012, the percentage of child marriage under 18 years of age was still relatively high, namely 14.67%. Continued in 2013-2014, it decreased to 13%, and decreased in 2018 with an early marriage rate of 11.21%. Malang, East Java is an area that shows that the phenomenon of early age marriage or child marriage is still rife. Therefore, the author wants to examine how the practice of child marriage in Malang is seen from the perspective of phenomeological theory. Using qualitative methods, descriptive analysis, the data used will be data obtained from the national statistical agency, then from the religious court. Then analyzed using the phenomenological theory of Edmund Husserl. After postponing it to find out the essence behind the phenomenon of young marriage in Malang, we found several factors. socialization of children and lack of control from parents, low awareness of public education, and the community's economy.
Indonesia menunjukkan angka prevelensi perkawinan usia muda atau perkawinan dibawah umur yang cukup tinggi. Angka pernikahan anak dibawah umur di Indonesia dari tahun 2008 hingga 2018 tercatat telah menunjukkan penurunan. Pada tahun 2008-2012, presentase perkawinan anak usia dibawah 18 tahun masih terbilang tinggi yakni 14,67%. Dilanjutkan pada tahun 2013-2014 turun menjadi 13%, dan semakin turun pada tahun 2018 dengan angka perkawinan dini sebanyak 11,21%. Malang Jawa Timur merupakan daerah yang menunjukkan bahwa fenomena perkawinan usia dini atau perkawinan anak masih marak terjadi. Oleh karena itu penulis ingin mengkaji bagaimana praktik perkawinan anak di daerah Malang dilihat dari perspektif teori fenomeologi. Menggunakan metode kualitatif, deskriptif analisis,maka nantinya data yang digunakan adalah data yang diperoleh dari badan statisti nasional, kemudian dari pengadilan agama. Lalu dianalisis menggunakan teori fenomenologi Edmund Husserl. Setelah dilakukan penundaan untuk mengetahui esensi yang melatarbelakangi fenomena perkawinan usia muda di Malang, maka kami menemukan beberapa faktor. pergaulan anak dan kurangnya kontrol dari orang tua, rendahnya kesadaran pendidikan masyarakat, dan ekonomi masyarakat.
At present, the economic measurement of the national statistical offices has not defined or captured the benefits of the digital economy activity due to the low quality or inexistence of methodologies. Currently, there is a relevant debate on the capacity of the digital economy activity to generate productivity, economic growth, and well-being through innovation and knowledge. For this reason, this research identified and studied specialized knowledge, human settlement, and digital economic activity as the factors that influence regional economic growth. As a result, the impact generated by a new business operating models based on information technology was measured. Furthermore, this research used an empirical measurement model that made it possible to identify certain phenomena such as regional poles of regional economic development (PRDE) that surround economically flourishing regions. In addition, it showed that municipalities with high degrees of economic growth were impacted by digital economic activity and specialized knowledge. This finding is consistent with economic growth theories that point to technological evolution as the main factor of modern economic growth. Consequently, this study contributed beneficial results to the local government to develop strategies framed in solving industrial cooperation of economically flourishing regions with their neighbors, facing the problem of agglomeration of resources and capital reflected in human settlement promote an imbalance in economic growth and social development.
Standard economic theory uses mathematics as its main means of understanding, and this brings clarity of reasoning and logical power. But there is a drawback: algebraic mathematics restricts economic modeling to what can be expressed only in quantitative nouns, and this forces theory to leave out matters to do with process, formation, adjustment, creation and nonequilibrium. For these we need a different means of understanding, one that allows verbs as well as nouns. Algorithmic expression is such a means. It allows verbs (processes) as well as nouns (objects and quantities). It allows fuller description in economics, and can include heterogeneity of agents, actions as well as objects, and realistic models of behavior in ill-defined situations. The world that algorithms reveal is action-based as well as object-based, organic, possibly ever-changing, and not fully knowable. But it is strangely and wonderfully alive.
Antonija Buljan, Milan Deskar-Skrbic, Mirna Dumicic
In this paper, we provide the first analysis of the level and determinants of sovereign exposure of banking systems in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, thus contributing to the existing literature on sovereign exposures and the sovereign-bank nexus. Results of descriptive analysis showed that exposure to sovereign debt securities in CEE countries is substantially higher than in euro area countries, which can be explained by the lower development of financial markets in this region. We also found evidence of home-bias in CEE and emphasized the role of different monetary policy regimes in explaining differences in exposure among CEE countries. Results of panel analysis showed that changes of debt securities in bank balance sheets in CEE countries are mostly determined by broader macroeconomic conditions and to a lesser extent by their regulatory frameworks. In addition, we did not find evidence of so-called reach-for-yield behaviour. Our results indicate that efforts to reduce sovereign exposure in CEE countries require strong collaboration of not only regulators, but also of fiscal authorities and other policy makers able to contribute to the development of financial markets in this region. Moreover, regulators should especially focus on reducing the home-bias in CEE.
At the present stage of enterprise functioning, problems of transforming organizational culture with the use of marketing tools are particularly relevant. The aim of the article is to substantiate and develop a marketing strategy for managing the development of organizational culture. To achieve this goal, there used the following general scientific research methods: analysis and synthesis, generalization, systematization, logical framework approach, expert survey. The article presents the results of the authors’ marketing research of Ukrainian enterprises functioning in the food, coal, construction industry and the services (transport, consulting, banking, household ones), education, science, government sectors, in order to identify the features of organizational culture. The relationship between marketing and development of organizational culture is proved. The content of the main tasks of marketing in the transformation of organizational culture is revealed. The logical framework of the interaction between management of the development of the culture and the marketing strategy of an enterprise is proposed. A marketing strategy for managing the development of organizational culture is elaborated. It presents a conceptual model of long-term processes of marketing activities that must be implemented to achieve the company’s long-term goals through introduction of self-development programs and continuous improvement of professional qualities of the personnel with the help of digital technologies. This strategy should be formed and implemented according to the following algorithm: risk level assessment; formation of a marketing strategy (analyzing the external and internal marketing environment, determining the prerequisites for the development of the strategy; identifying the strategic goals of the enterprise; establishing the level of subordination of strategies; integrating the strategy for managing the organizational culture development and marketing; elaborating strategic programs; making managerial decisions on the implementation of the strategy; justifying and forming a scenario approach); implementation of the strategy; analysis of the results obtained and control over the implementation of the marketing strategy; resource, organizational, economic, financial and information support for the implementation of the strategy. This will ensure the successful integration of the processes of personnel and marketing activities of an enterprise and effectively transform its culture.