Hasil untuk "Discourse analysis"

Luke, Allan

Ludivine Gravito

Martín Rivas, in the words of the author, seeks to "interest and instruct", setting up the hero couple of his novel as a model for young Chileans. The claim of liberal ideology allows the analysis of the novel to be oriented towards the elaboration of a model of ideal youth, apt to participate in the construction of the liberal and enlightened nation that the author longed for. Nowadays, promotional and educational discourses set the novel up as a faithful reflection of the reality of that time. On the other hand, academic discourses tend to evolve: if in the 1940s, Martín Rivas appears as a symbol of meritocracy, in the 1970s, he is merely the heir to a middle class. From the 2010s onwards, an analysis of Chilean identity was added to this model: based on the liberal ideals of the European Enlightenment, the novel forged the ideal young Chilean under a model based on the exclusion of the poorest and the indigenous peoples. Thus, promotional and academic discourse has an impact on the ideology and methods of teaching the novel in secondary school.

Mohammed Abdulrazzak, Mohammed Moutaz Alshaghel, Moustafa Alhashemi et al.

ABSTRACT Background and Aims A cesarean section (CS) is a surgical procedure used during pregnancy and childbirth to ensure maternal and fetal well‐being. Global CS rates are increasing, with different studies demonstrating this trend. The purpose of this study, is to look into the prevalence of CS and its contributing factors in Syrian hospitals. Methods A retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted at Aleppo University Hospital and Damascus University Hospital in Syria. The data were collected from patients' medical records during the period between January and December 2021. The study population included women who gave birth at these hospitals in 2021. The study used a questionnaire with four domains: sociodemographic features, mother's history, birth history, newborn information, and delivery type with indications and complications. CS indications were evaluated using protocols from the Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistics 25.0. Results Among the deliveries, 47.4% were C‐sections, with slightly higher rate at Damascus. Population characteristics revealed differences in age, residency, smoking history, birth details, and associated medical conditions. The majority of participants were aged above 25 years old, rural residents, and nonsmokers. The primary CS cases were mainly medically indicated. Most C‐sections were repeat procedures (68%), with fetal distress being the most common indication. Aleppo had higher repeat C‐section rates (71.5% vs. 65.5% in Damascus). Most primary C‐sections were medically indicated (85.2%), while 14.8% were non‐indicated, often due to maternal requests or previous complicated births. Conclusion This study sheds light on CS prevalence, indications, and influencing factors in Syria, contributing to the broader discourse on optimizing CS rates and improving maternal and neonatal outcomes. Further research is necessary to explore additional factors and interventions to curb unnecessary CS procedures.

Walewicz Piotr

This study examines political narratives surrounding the European Green Deal (EGD) in seven Central European countries, revealing four separate dominant framings of the EGD, as well a pattern of strategic narrative convergence and interpretative polarization. Analysing 351 Facebook posts from 82 MEPs from 2019 to 2024, I identify four distinct meta-narratives: a strongly anti-EGD narrative, an uncritical pro-EGD narrative, a critical pro-EGD narrative advocating for greater ambition, and an opportunistic, pragmatic pro-EGD narrative that strategically co-opts populist and far-right themes. Despite varying national contexts, all narratives converge within these four dominant framings, indicating a strategic focus on mobilization rather than intergroup engagement and dialogue. The method used was an original synthesis of framing analysis, narrative analysis and affective analysis, focused on the general stance towards the EGD, the characterizations used, and emotional appeals of the posts. This research contributes to understanding the nuanced dynamics of climate policy discourse and the challenges of fostering constructive debate.

Arpita Goswami, Jhilik Chakraborty

Background This research examines how ecofeminist themes are presented and shared on digital platforms. It focuses on three widely used social media networks, namely YouTube, Instagram, and Facebook to explore how their features, such as videos, reels, posts, and images, convey ecofeminist ideas and principles in online spaces. Methods We have adopted a purposive, qualitative, and thematic analysis method. Data have been manually collected from the selected social media platforms using keywords like “ecofeminism” and “women and nature.” Content has been selected based on thematic relevance. Only publicly available materials have been used. Results Instagram, YouTube, and Facebook each contributes uniquely to the ecofeminist discourse by offering visually engaging reels and images, academic and artistic content, and select group and page-based advocacy, respectively. Through various digital entities such as groups, pages, reels, videos, and pictures, many social media accounts vividly demonstrate the close relationship between women and nature, the exploitation they face from patriarchal society and how they can be protected. Despite this vivid portrayal, the content across platforms remains scattered and inconsistent. Conclusion The study highlights both the potential and the limitations of social media in presenting ecofeminist narrative. It emphasizes the need for consistent and dedicated efforts to promote ecofeminist values online. The study adds to the fields of ecofeminism and media studies by showing how online content can reflect, support, and shape ecofeminist thinking today.

Iryna Alyeksyeyeva

The article explores de-tabooization of the DEATH concept in English-language death positivity discourse. The research considers the demographic trend of modern Western societies towards ageing and the progress of modern medical science as factors that entail lifting the conventional ban on direct references to death, which started with the debates over euthanasia. The defi nitional analysis of euthanasia, its collocations and synonyms, reveals its frame and the tendency to replace euphemisms with direct nominations. The study of new coinages with the components death and dying that verbalize recently formed death-related practices in the texts produced within the death positivity discourse suggests that the DEATH concept is undergoing the process of reconceptualization.

Kate Rees, Leah Mclaughlin, David Paredes-Zapata et al.

England switched to an opt-out system of consent in 2020 aiming to increase the number of organs available. Spain also operates an opt-out system yet has almost twice the organ donations per million population compared with England. We aimed to identify both differences and similarities in the consent policies, documents and procedures in deceased donation between the two countries using comparative qualitative content and discourse analysis. Spain had simpler, locally tailored documents, the time taken for families to review and process information may be shorter, there were more pathways leading to organ donation in Spain, and more robust legal protections for the decisions individuals made in life. The language in the Spanish documents was one of support and reassurance. Documents in England by comparison appeared confusing, since additions were designed to protect the NHS against risk and made to previous document versions to reflect the law change rather than being entirely recast. If England’s ambition is to achieve consent rates similar to Spain this analysis has highlighted opportunities that could strengthen the English system-by giving individuals’ decisions recorded on the organ donor register legal weight, alongside unifying and simplifying consent policies and procedures to support families and healthcare professionals.

Elena N. Malyuga, Barry Tomalin

South African English economic discourse remains underexplored despite its significance in shaping public perception and policy in the region. One of its critical understudied facets are euphemisms, which are heavily influenced by historical and social background and play a crucial role in moderating sensitive issues and managing communication across diverse societal norms. This study aims to fill this gap by identifying how euphemisms reflect and respond to South Africa’s socio-cultural setting. The study involved compiling a corpus of approximately 500,000 words sourced from speeches, interviews, and publications by South African specialists with subsequent identification of euphemisms. As a results, 338 euphemisms were found in the corpus. Through continuous sampling, the study then identified, categorized, and quantitatively assessed the socio-cultural aspects of euphemisms across various economic discussions. According to the study results, euphemism in South African English economic discourse correspond to five main thematic groups: Economic and Racial Inequality, Corporate Governance and Ethics, Impact of Migration, Healthcare Economics, and Influence of Globalization. Each thematic group demonstrates patterns of euphemisms occurrence that reflect intentional communication efforts to address or mask sensitive socio-economic issues. The study results posit that euphemisms emerge as a frequently leveraged linguistic device moderating South African English economic discourse. They reflect an adaptive response to South Africa’s socio-cultural setting where managing the multifaceted societal norms and historical sensitivities is imperative for effective communication and policy dissemination. The study argues for closer examination of the linguistic composition of South African English economic discourse. The findings contribute to the fields of sociolinguistics and intercultural communication as they expose how euphemisms function as a tool for managing complex socio-economic processes.

H. Janks

Galyna M. Syvachenko. Shevchenko , Antonina V. Anistratenko

The article considers the second edition of Volodymyr Vynnychenko’s novel “The New Commandment” (1947), written for the first time in 1932. The author of the book translated it into French together with his wife after the end of World War II. The purpose of the work and the tasks dictated by it are to analyse the “French” novel “The New Commandment” by Volodymyr Vynnychenko in the paradigm of modernist aesthetics, to reveal the main philosophical ideas and aesthetic functions of the novel, to identify elements of intertextual memory, and to understand the influence of the book by Ukrainian dissident Viktor Kravchenko “I Chose Freedom” (1946). The set of goals determines the need to use hermeneutical (analysis of artistic text), comparative-typological (comparison of philosophical novel various functions), historical-literary (solution of a number of literary problems in the context of various national literatures) research methods. Vynnychenko’s work is analysed in the paradigm of the “Transcendent Homelessness” philosophical concept, introduced into scientific discourse by the Hungarian philosopher and literary theorist D. Lukach in his Hegelian-Weber essay “The Theory of the Novel” (1916), where he quotes the German romantic, a representative of the Jena school, Novalis: “Philosophy is homesickness – the desire to be at home everywhere”. In the study of Volodymyr Vynnychenko’s contribution to European modernism in the interwar era, the author pays attention to the key thesis of the trans-cultural theory, which touches such disciplines as anthropology, sociology and political science. Particular attention is paid to the genesis and specificity of the philosophical and figurative system of one of the key “French” texts by Volodymyr Vynnychenko. The leading aesthetic components and means of forming philosophical and ideologicalpolitical paradigms of the work are also determined. The French aristocracy had a great debate on “The New Commandment”. In April 1949, the translation was published in one of the Paris publishing houses (Nouveau Commandemant. Paris: Editions des Presses du Temps Present). The French literary critics of the time responded favourably to the publication of the Ukrainian author’s book, and the literary and artistic society “Club de Faubourg” already on 10th May 1949, arranged a massive discussion of “The New Commandment”, which testified to the approving attitude towards the author. At the same time, another well-known French artist club “Arts-Sciences-Lettres”, awarded Volodymyr Vynnychenko with an honorary diploma and a silver medal. On 21st July 1949, the prestigious Parisian weekly bulletin “Le Nuvelle Litterere” responded to this fact where noticed that after Shevchenko and Marko Vovchok, Volodymyr Vynnychenko is the first Ukrainian writer whose novels have been responded to by French audience. In this regard, it is noted that the philosophical foundations of Vynnychenko’s novel organically fit into the “spiritual crisis” European discussions of those times. We have studied philosophical character manifestation peculiarities in the genre of novel-dialogue, novel-polemic, which are widely represented in the “French” prose of the Ukrainian artist and are closely connected with the French literary tradition. It is proved that, having spent almost the last thirty years of his life in France, the Ukrainian writer seems to aim at identifying common thematic, aesthetic, philosophical and ideological paradigms that go beyond mononational boundaries, and demonstrates that Ukrainian emigrant artists were participants in pan-European literary modernism, although for the most part it concerns Volodymyr Vynnychenko himself, as well as Yu. Kosach, I. Kostetskyi, A. Arkhipenko, A. Ekster, A. Manevich, I. Pune, A. Boguslavskaya, M. Glushchenko. Particular attention is paid to the genre experiment of Vynnychenko, in particular, the philosophical and political novel with such poetic features as the presentation and discussion of concordist theory, the use of such a modernist technique as “a novel within a novel”, the constant inclusion of various discursive forms of concordism discussion. The critical optics of the study combines the historical and philosophical specificity of the era of the interwar twenties, on which the novels of Volodymyr Vynnychenko are based, as well as the national identity of the Ukrainian writer and his biographical individuality.

Євгенія Буцикіна

The article analyzes the individual experience of the first ten months of moth­erhood before and during the full-scale war between Russia and Ukraine using the method of descriptive phenomenology of the body. Corporeality is considered as a basis for a possible description of the motherhood experience. In the analysis, I apply the ideas of Luce Irigaray (deconstruction of the complex image of mother­hood in art, science and philosophy) and Yulia Kristeva (analysis of the Western Christian tradition of depicting a mother with a baby and the narratives embed­ded in it) in the context of returning the discourse about motherhood to women. Based on the ideas of Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Iris Young, I turn to a phenom­enological analysis of the body, namely, the female body, as the “first locus of in­tentionality.” In particular, it is about experiencing drastic bodily changes during childbirth and the first weeks of motherhood, the blurring of bodily boundaries between the nursing mother and the baby, the establishment of a common every­day life through the establishment of new repetitive rituals, its cancellation due to the need to flee and the attempt to restore it in a new place. In this regard, I provide the phenomenological interpretation of the home as a space of experiencing security, individuation, privacy and storage (Young) and its loss. I have singled out the processes of sleep and eating as the two main bodily manifestations of anxiety in everyday experience. A key element of the physical maternal experience is breast-feeding, which provides a suitable range of feelings: from pain and sacrifice to comfort and euphoria from union with the child. It was revealed that the specificity of the female body and its adaptation to new requirements within motherhood (in particular, additional weight, softness, endurance, inertness, etc.) made it possible to adapt to new critical circumstances associated with the beginning of a full-scale war, deprivation of a home, experiencing a threat and oppression.

Andreza de Oliveira de Carvalho, Flavia Câmara Neto Athayde Gonçalves, Paulo Pires de Queiroz

This article aims to demonstrate how the transformation of the concepts of health, illness, and well-being interacts with the process of educational inclusion for people with disabilities. The reflection is based on the conceptions of the Policy Cycle, articulated with the concepts of inclusion, health, and well-being, and has as material for analysis Brazilian political-normative texts that guide the process of educational inclusion of people with disabilities. It is intended to reconstruct the context of influence from scratch using the Policy Cycle Approach that enabled the emergence of the discourse of inclusion from the perspective of social well-being and to problematize the context of text production and the context of practise through the analysis of public policies aimed at the educational inclusion of people with disabilities. Based on sociology of health studies, which understand health and disease as the subjects' social, material, and cultural contexts, this study understands that the new conceptions of health and disease give a new meaning to disability, distancing it from its immediate association with the concept of disease. Considering disability as not limiting individual potential, educational inclusion is approached from the perspective of promoting social well-being as a form of full participation by the disabled person in all dimensions of community life. Thus, it is concluded that inclusion, widely understood, contributes to the construction of a cultural, political, ethical, and epistemological project aimed at social emancipation, autonomy, and the guarantee of human rights, thus valuing various aspects of the demands for equality in differences.

Mykola Riabchuk

The number and scale of war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by the Russian military in Ukraine since the start of the all-out invasion in February 2022 have prompted many experts and politicians to define this brutality as genocide and seek prosecution of the perpetrators under international law.Ukrainian investigators and prosecutors, in cooperation with foreign colleagues, are carefully documenting relevant facts, while lawyers and diplomats are looking for optimal ways to administer justice within existing or newly created international judicial institutions. At the same time, many express a warning that among the four types of crimes recognized by the UN as the most serious and those that do not have a statute of limitations, the crime of genocide is the most difficult to prove in judicial practice, because the number of war crimes in itself, however brutal and large-scale, does not make them genocide from a legal point of view, if the most important and necessary for such a formal and legal qualification is not proven: genocidal intent on the part of the military and/or political leadership of the aggressor country. Politicians usually do not give such orders in writing, and even make them orally, as a rule, in a veiled form. Therefore, it is necessary to prove genocidal intentions in court on the basis of indirect evidence — an analysis of the entire sum of the statements of high-ranking officials of the aggressor country, who ideologically justify and encourage genocide, using various euphemisms at the same time (calling, for example, for the extermination of the fictional "Nazis" in Ukraine, under which they have meaning all self-conscious Ukrainians), as well as — on the basis of a comparison of veiled genocidal statements with the corresponding systematic actions of the occupying forces and the administration, which clearly translate the ideological instructions of the leadership into the practical plane.The author of the article shows that the genocidal intentions of the Kremlin, despite all their rhetorical veiling, can be proven if the corresponding anti-Ukrainian rhetoric of Russian government officials, experts and propagandists is systematically analyzed, deconstructed and contextualized as a certain integrity, in close connection with the specific actions of the occupying army and administration.

S. Herring

Roxanne Holly Padley

The discourses surrounding the COVID-19 vaccination are extensive and have been prolific over the last eighteen months. There has been particular debate among groups of vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals discussing health benefits and a sense of civic duty in order to protect oneself and those around us as well as considering the extent to which a state really can oblige citizens to uptake the vaccine through a vaccination mandate. This study investigated the discourses regarding choosing to undergo the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or otherwise and how these discourses are framed within the global and Italian contexts. The role of information channels, including the media, was also investigated along with the power balances revealed among the vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals’ discourses. An online ethnographic poll was designed and distributed through online channels and follow up focus groups using semi-structured interviews were recorded for transcription and linguistic analysis. Results show some interesting linguistic findings regarding potential discrimination due to the vaccination pass mandate along with the narratives that surround these.

D. Bloome, S. Carter, B. Christian et al.

N. Fairclough

Eve Chiapello, N. Fairclough

Ekaterina Olegovna Khromova

In modern literary criticism, the concept and so-called genre ‘migration literature’ is commonly associated with the experience of exile, often for political reasons; by contrast, writers who have left their country for reasons other than political are labelled as ‘migrant-writers’, ‘writers abroad’, or ‘diaspora writers’. The use of such a different terminology to categorise authors and their writings highlight the fact that there are some distinctive characteristics distinguishing them. While I do share this perspective to a certain degree, I also would like to draw attention to a major literary trend of the last two decades: the appearance of writers who expatriate voluntarily without being persecuting politically but yet are in a situation which I define as ‘self-exile’ or ‘voluntary exile’. Despite their different languages and countries of origin and residence, an analysis of their texts demonstrates that these authors are united by two common features: 1) a reflection on the tragic past of their compatriots, who have experienced forced mass emigration, and an attempt to find echoes of this experience in  everyday life; and 2) an awareness of their own position (that is, the situation of self-exile) as a productive process and creative basis for their writing work.  The hypothesis I suggest in this paper is that the texts written by ‘writers who are in self-exile’ are characterised by certain writing strategies and themes typical of migrant writers yet they also have some unique features, which are related to the voluntary experience of leaving their home country. Home is to be understood broadly, not in terms of a certain geopolitical location, but as belonging to one single culture, community, and language. The aim of this article is to examine these very features. This article focuses on the novels by two famous contemporary authors: Aleksej Makušinskij (Russia/Germany) and Winfried Sebald (Germany/United Kingdom). In their works, the representation of the condition of self-exile  has led the authors to develop a multilingual discourse and recreate the new transitory literary world.

R. Wodak, M. Krzyżanowski