Hasil untuk "Details in building design and construction. Including walls, roofs"

Sheikh Rishad Ahmmad, Niko Gentile, Maria Vilain Rørvang et al.

Illumination of dairy barns impacts animal health, milk production, and building energy efficiency. The aim of this study was to assess the existing daylighting and electric lighting conditions of dairy barns located in Southern Sweden. The study specifically examined how different architectural features impact the lighting environment, aiming to identify retrofit potentials in older barns and areas of improvement for new constructions. Ten dairy barns on seven farms were selected as case studies with different construction types, construction year, and size; and were monitored during November 2023 and February 2024. Photometric and geometric measurements were collected, and simulation models were created and calibrated by comparing them with the measurements. The simulation results were used to analyse the lighting performance of the barns. The results indicate that several older barns have lower than recommended illumination from daylighting and electric lighting systems, inappropriate choice of building materials with low reflectance, poor maintenance of building surfaces, etc; thus, requiring maintenance and retrofit measures. Newer barns often showcased improved lighting conditions compared to older barns, primarily due to better daylighting through side openings and skylights (aperture-to-floor ratio: 1-6 % in older barns and 12-20 % in newer designs), underscoring the importance of improving design practices. Older barns consistently showed mean daylight factor values below 1 %, while newer barns exhibited notably improved daylighting. Compared to most older barns having a daylight autonomy below 10 %, newer barns achieved a daylight autonomy higher than 50 %. Mean electric lighting illuminance ranged from 57 to 157 lux across the studied barns. Both new constructions and retrofit projects can benefit from implementing clearly defined design guidelines and lighting requirements for agricultural buildings. Future studies on long-term impacts of illumination on farm animals and human caretakers, environmental and economic assessment of improved barn design and retrofit measures can provide more information on this topic.

Rizky Amalia Achsani, Surjamanto Wonorahardjo, Sugeng Triyadi

Visual comfort in deep rooms with side lit openings varies by positions and time; thus, interventions are required to provide comfort for all users in a room. This study aims to identify the conditions affecting visual comfort and potential interventions on spatial and temporal aspects of a room. This experiment comprises two layout settings: semi-enclosed studio layout and open studio layout with variables of zone (perimeter and core), viewing direction (north window, east wall, south window, and west wall), and temporal aspect (morning, midday, and afternoon), which determines how each aspect influences visual comfort. In this study, visual comfort is indicated using vertical eye illuminance (Ev) and daylight glare probability (DGP). Field measurements of daylighting performance were taken over five days and three times per day using a light meter to capture Ev and HDR images, which were then processed using Aftab Alpha software to produce DGP values. The results indicate that visual comfort in a deep room sequentially depends on view direction, zone, layout, and time. The value of Ev in deep rooms is significantly influenced by the type of opening, specifically the side lighting, which results in short penetration and does not reach the room core. Additionally, it depends on outdoor conditions. Consequently, the value at the perimeter is much higher than that at the core. By contrast, the glare sensation was not influenced by outdoor conditions during the day. Adjusting the view direction can control the less-than-ideal sitting position to obtain visual comfort. Additionally, correcting the sitting position in the zone can improve visual comfort at various times. Obstruction in the room plays a positive role in controlling glare and plays a negative role when reducing Ev. The period of visual discomfort throughout the day identified that the worst conditions occur in the morning owing to the lack of Ev. The optimum condition occurs during the day in the west wall and south window view direction, south perimeter zone, and semi-enclosed studio layout. Therefore, view direction and zone are effective features for obtaining visual comfort. Nevertheless, the layout type, room surface properties, and obstruction can also enhance visual comfort in various time conditions such as in the morning, afternoon, or evening. Horizontal plane components such as ceilings can expand the effects of Ev and reduce the effects of DGP in the morning or on cloudy days. The findings have implications for the design of deep rooms such as offices, studios, museums, and galleries in arranging the characteristics of horizontal and vertical surfaces of furniture and layout room that can affect the performance of the user.

Fatemeh Fallahi, Ferial Ahmadi, Mahdi Khakzand et al.

In this study, to control glare in buildings with glass facades, a kinetic facade was designed using a pattern inspired by nature. Accordingly, in this study, due to the essential similarity of buildings with plants regarding the inability to move and location, in the first step, plants and their morphology were examined. Among them, long-day plants, which offer greater shading capacity than other plants, were selected as the basis for modeling. In the next stage, computational simulations were conducted using Rhino and Grasshopper software along with Ladybug and Honeybee plugins to analyze sunlight and daylight performance. The simulation results of annual climate-based daylight metrics and luminance-based metrics demonstrated that the kinetic facade inspired by long-day plants outperformed the Reinhart reference office room with horizontal shading in terms of glare control and useful daylight. In other words, the kinetic facade designed in this study effectively provides sufficient daylight and prevents glare as well.

Lattasit Prasertseree, Nuanwan Tuaycharoen

Daylighting is related to the user's psychological and physiological effects in educational space. The amount of daylighting significantly influences visual comfort, work tasks, academic performance and productivity. Thus, proper lighting with sufficient uniform levels of illuminance should be provided in classrooms. Adequate daylight improves visual performance and comfort for both students and teachers, ameliorating negative effects such as eyestrain, headache and lack of concentration. Therefore, daylighting control strategies are important for learning areas. Installing a light shelf improves indoor daylight quality and also offers shading. Many studies have investigated light shelf characteristics, with most addressing flat light shelves. A curved light shelf with a translucent ceiling has not been investigated in Thai classrooms. Window characteristics combined with multiple curved light shelves with translucent ceilings are also understudied. This study investigated the performance of daylight control strategies in classrooms using a combination of a curved light-self, translucent ceiling and various window characteristics. Fifty-five types of daylighting techniques using the existing classroom as the standard were investigated for illuminance levels and daylight uniformity ratio. DIALux 4.13 was used to simulate the illuminance level, while daylight uniformity ratio was calculated under clear sky conditions for a classroom facing east. Results revealed that for all the lighting options, illuminance levels surpassed the standard of 300 lux. A three curved light shelf (outside concave-upward and inside concave-downward) with a 3 m x 6 m translucent ceiling and a 4-horizontal unit with 6-vertical unit window (Option 4.1.3) had the highest uniformity ratio and gave a better result than the other options (0.300) but still did not reach the standard (0.8). Based on this finding, thus, a three curved light shelf (outside concave-upward and inside concave-downward) with a 3 m x 6 m translucent ceiling and a 4-horizontal unit with 6-vertical unit window should be used in classrooms in Thailand and other buildings with similar characteristics.

Wang Jiaqi, Lan Yi, Chen Xiang

This study investigates AI integration in architectural education through a teaching experiment in Zhejiang University's 2024-25 grade three undergraduate design studio. Adopting a dual-module framework (20-hour AI training + embedded ethics discussions), the course introduced deep learning models, LLMs, AIGC, LoRA, and ComfyUI while maintaining the original curriculum structure, supported by dedicated technical instructors. Findings demonstrate the effectiveness of phased guidance, balanced technical-ethical approaches, and institutional support. The model improved students' digital skills and strategic cognition while addressing AI ethics, providing a replicable approach combining technical and critical learning in design education.

Souradip Poddar, Chia-Tung Ho, Ziming Wei et al.

Conventional AI-driven AMS design automation algorithms remain constrained by their reliance on high-quality datasets to capture underlying circuit behavior, coupled with poor transferability across architectures, and a lack of adaptive mechanisms. This work proposes HeaRT, a hierarchical circuit reasoning-based agentic framework for automation loops and a step toward adaptive, human-style design optimization. HeaRT consistently improves F1(subcircuits) by >= 13.5% and F1(loops) by >= 37.8% over few-shot prompting baselines across multiple LLM backbones on our 40-circuit AMS benchmark of flattened SPICE netlists, even as circuit complexity increases. Our experiments further show that HeaRT achieves >= 3x faster convergence in incremental design adaptation tasks under specification shifts across diverse optimization approaches, supporting both topology reconfiguration and sizing.

Johan Messchendorp, Mohammad Al-Turany, Volker Friese et al.

This Conceptual Design Report (CDR) presents the plans of the computing infrastructure for research at FAIR, Darmstadt, Germany. It presents the computing requirements of the various research groups, the policies for the computing and storage infrastructure, the foreseen FAIR computing model including the open data, software and services policies and architecture for the periods starting in 2028 with the "first science (plus)" phase to the modularized start version of FAIR. The overall ambition is to create a federated and centrally-orchestrated infrastructure serving the large diversity of the research lines present with sufficient scalability and flexibility to cope with future data challenges that will be present at FAIR.

Ramazan Sarı, Ekrem Bahadır Çalışkan

Jayden Rogers, Niyaz Shakeel, Divya Mankani et al.

The hardware security community relies on databases of known vulnerabilities and open-source designs to develop formal verification methods for identifying hardware security flaws. While there are plenty of open-source designs and verification tools, there is a gap in open-source properties addressing these flaws, making it difficult to reproduce prior work and slowing research. This paper aims to bridge that gap. We provide SystemVerilog Assertions for four common designs: OR1200, Hack@DAC 2018's buggy PULPissimo SoC, Hack@DAC 2019's CVA6, and Hack@DAC 2021's buggy OpenPiton SoCs. The properties are organized by design and tagged with details about the security flaws and the implicated CWE. To encourage more property reporting, we describe the methodology we use when crafting properties.

Lei Jing, Nan Wang, Shiping Yin

Maria Kmeid, Géraldine Casaux-Ginestet, Gilles Escadeillas et al.

AGUS ARIFIN ARIFIN, Novalinda, Rahmadhani Fitri et al.

Tidal flooding in coastal areas is a problem that is currently very difficult to solve, especially in the Bagan Deli area of Belawan. Global warming is the main factor in melting the polar ice caps and causing sea levels to rise, when the tide rises to 2.7 meters above sea level, which temporarily stops the activities and economy of residents in the Bagan Deli Belawan area. This study aims to solve problems and obtain design solutions with the concept of floating tourism to prevent tidal water due to tidal flooding into residential areas. The research method uses the hull engineering design method (Hull) as a floating medium above which will be made into a tourist area and linked to an experimental electromechanical module (MOSE) to prevent tidal flood waters from entering residential areas, so that tourist areas are not washed away. The results of this study will be a recommend  for the concept of preventing tidal flooding in all residential areas in coastal areas.

Miguel Castillo-Celeita, Alonso Contreras-Astorga, David J. Fernández C

We study the simplest Lamé magnetic superlattice in graphene, finding its allowed and forbidden energy bands and band-edge states explicitly. Then, we design quasiperiodic magnetic superlattices supporting bound states using Darboux transformations. This technique enables us to add any finite number of bound states, which we exemplify with the most straightforward cases of one and two bound states in the designed spectrum. The topics of magnetic superlattices and domain walls in gapped graphene turn out to be connected by a unitary transformation in the limit of significantly large oscillation periods. We show that the generated quasiperiodic magnetic superlattices are also linked to domain walls, with the bound states keeping their nature in such a limit.

Ben Eckardt, Yixuan Li

We study, from the perspective of supersymmetry and space-time Killing spinors, the local brane densities involved in 1/4-BPS intersecting brane systems. In particular, we classify the possible local brane structures that have maximal (16) supersymmetries in 1/4-BPS intersecting brane backgrounds. Applied to BPS black holes, this classification reveals the allowed local microstructure for pure microstates. We further use these structures with local 16 supersymmetries as building blocks to generalise to 1/8-BPS systems. Moreover, we give examples of 1/8-BPS black holes for which the local supersymmetries are compatible with the combination of different entropy-generating effects from brane interaction. Finally, applying our classification to BPS domain walls, we illustrate how our formalism may possibly describe the local picture of the Hanany-Witten effect.

Jiaao Chen, Aston Zhang, Xingjian Shi et al.

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning aims to achieve performance comparable to fine-tuning, using fewer trainable parameters. Several strategies (e.g., Adapters, prefix tuning, BitFit, and LoRA) have been proposed. However, their designs are hand-crafted separately, and it remains unclear whether certain design patterns exist for parameter-efficient fine-tuning. Thus, we present a parameter-efficient fine-tuning design paradigm and discover design patterns that are applicable to different experimental settings. Instead of focusing on designing another individual tuning strategy, we introduce parameter-efficient fine-tuning design spaces that parameterize tuning structures and tuning strategies. Specifically, any design space is characterized by four components: layer grouping, trainable parameter allocation, tunable groups, and strategy assignment. Starting from an initial design space, we progressively refine the space based on the model quality of each design choice and make greedy selection at each stage over these four components. We discover the following design patterns: (i) group layers in a spindle pattern; (ii) allocate the number of trainable parameters to layers uniformly; (iii) tune all the groups; (iv) assign proper tuning strategies to different groups. These design patterns result in new parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods. We show experimentally that these methods consistently and significantly outperform investigated parameter-efficient fine-tuning strategies across different backbone models and different tasks in natural language processing.

Felix Wiesner, Rory Hadden, Susan Deeny et al.

Andrea Polastri, Daniele Casagrande

Paolo Zazzini, Alessandro Di Crescenzo, Alessandro Di Crescenzo

This paper is focused on the Modified Double Light Pipe (MDLP), an innovative daylighting system set up by the authors in the Laboratory of Technical Physics of the University “G. D’Annunzio” of Pescara (Italy). It is an evolution of the Double Light Pipe (DLP), designed by the authors to distribute natural light in two underground levels of a building and tested through an experimental activity on a reduced scale model. The MDLP has been designed by modifying the same scale model of the DLP with the goal to solve some problems related to its size and the risk of glare, thanks to its smaller encumbrance, and a light shelf applied around the external tube to prevent the occupants of the room from seeing the upper brightest portion of the device. Furthermore, the light shelf reflects light towards the ceiling spreading it more uniformly on the horizontal work-plan. The technological components of the MDLP are shown demonstrating the possibility of installing it in both new and refurbished buildings. Then, the first results of an experimental activity carried out on the model of the MDLP in winter climatic conditions are shown. Although the unfavorable values of external illuminance, the MDLP contributes to distributing natural light in the passage room both with overcast and clear sky conditions. On sunny days, direct solar radiation hits the measure positions on the corners of the room producing peak illuminance values. The illuminance uniformity is calculated according to the EN 12464-1. The results can be considered satisfactory both in terms of internal illuminance and uniformity of light distribution.

Jevri Prabowo, Gun Fisal, Mira Dharma Susilawaty

Pusat Otomotif adalah wadah terpusat yang dapat menampung semua aktivitas konsumen, produsen atau penjual yang terkait dengan otomotif mobil. Pekanbaru sebagai ibukota Provinsi Riau memiliki sejumlah kendaraan roda empat yang terus meningkat setiap tahunnya, sehingga pasar otomotif di Pekanbaru berpotensi untuk berkembang. Kota Pekanbaru belum memiliki bangunan pusat otomotif khusus, kondisi saat ini dari perusahaan-perusahaan yang berhubungan dengan otomotif masih terpencar. Perancangan Pusat Otomotif di Pekanbaru menjadi solusi permasalahan yang berfungsi sebagai sarana pendidikan, komersial dan sosial dan ada sarana penunjang untuk kegiatan pengguna. Metode ini menggunakan Arsitektur High Tech karena mampu mempresentasikan fungsi bangunan sebagai tempat dengan citra otomotif yang mewakili teknologi, manufaktur, canggih, fleksibel dan fungsional. Konsep yang digunakan adalah "Piston" yang mengambil karakteristik dari sistem gerak piston, merefleksikannya dalam proses konstruksi atau memberikan kualitas menyerupai mesin

Seyedeh Nazli Hosseini, Iman SheikhAnsari

The contribution of daylight to a comfortable environment for occupants has been the subject of studies for years. Light shelves are known as daylight redirecting systems to enhance indoor daylight conditions. Although several research papers have focused on their daylight performance, there is a lack of studies on the performance of light shelves on circadian rhythm. In this context, daylight's biological effects on human beings have been under investigation. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the performance of light shelves in terms of visual and nonvisual effects of daylight, including circadian stimulus, visual comfort, and task performance through a multi-criteria human-centric evaluation. To this end, the authors set three following conditions if a model could provide simultaneously, the occupants would be in a comfortable space both visually and non-visually: 75% workstations with Equivalent Melanopic Lux> 250 EML concurrently with Vertical Photopic illuminance < 1500 lux, and Photopic illuminance on working plane > 300 lux. Accordingly, the light shelves with various depths, states, and orientations were simulated by ALFA to evaluate the comfort of occupants in office space over working hours. The results indicated that although applying light shelves impacted the metrics, the enhancements were minor compared to a conventional window, specifically on EML. In detail, inadequate EML levels were observed in all orientations on the simulation days. Besides, changes in the photopic illuminance at the eye and workstations levels were not substantial. Finally, the paper presents a case study that showcases simulation techniques that focus on daylighting and circadian rhythm.