Hasil untuk "Commercial geography. Economic geography"

Haebin Seong, Sungmin Kim, Yongjun Cho et al.

While current navigation benchmarks prioritize task success in simplified settings, they neglect the multidimensional economic constraints essential for the real-world commercialization of autonomous delivery systems. We introduce CostNav, an Economic Navigation Benchmark that evaluates physical AI agents through comprehensive economic cost-revenue analysis aligned with real-world business operations. By integrating industry-standard data--such as Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings and Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) injury reports--with Isaac Sim's detailed collision and cargo dynamics, CostNav transcends simple task completion to accurately evaluate business value in complex, real-world scenarios. To our knowledge, CostNav is the first physics-grounded economic benchmark that uses industry-standard regulatory and financial data to quantitatively expose the gap between navigation research metrics and commercial viability, revealing that optimizing for task success on a simplified task fundamentally differs from optimizing for real-world economic deployment. Evaluating seven baselines--two rule-based and five imitation learning--we find that no current method is economically viable, all yielding negative contribution margins. The best-performing method, CANVAS (-27.36\$/run), equipped with only an RGB camera and GPS, outperforms LiDAR-equipped Nav2 w/ GPS (-35.46\$/run). We challenge the community to develop navigation policies that achieve economic viability on CostNav. We remain method-agnostic, evaluating success solely on cost rather than the underlying architecture. All resources are available at https://github.com/worv-ai/CostNav.

Matteo Mazzamurro, Petra Hermankova, Michele Coscia et al.

Economic complexity is a powerful tool to estimate the productive capabilities and future growth of modern economies. Little is known of how economic complexity evolves over long periods in history. In this paper, we use archaeological evidence from the Roman Empire in the form of short texts preserved on a durable material (i.e. inscriptions) to estimate the economic complexity of the various provinces of the empire. By connecting the occupations listed in the text of inscriptions with the location in which the inscribed objects were found we can estimate that the most complex areas during the first four centuries of the Roman Empire have a remarkable and statistically significant overlap with the most complex countries today. While we lack an explanation for the reason of the preservation of economic complexity through the ages, this evidence provides a suggestion about how difficult the development of economic capabilities might be.

Ian Kemp, Steven J Tingay, Stuart Midgley et al.

The ongoing exponential growth of computational power, and the growth of the commercial High Performance Computing (HPC) industry, has led to a point where ten commercial systems currently exceed the performance of the highest-used HPC system in radio astronomy in Australia, and one of these exceeds the expected requirements of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) Science Data Processors. In order to explore implications of this emerging change in the HPC landscape for radio astronomy, we report results from a survey conducted via semi-structured interviews with 14 Australian scientists and providers with experience of commercial HPC in astronomy and similar data intensive fields. We supplement these data with learnings from two earlier studies in which we investigated the application of commercial HPC to radio astronomy data processing, using cases with very different data and processing considerations. We use the established qualitative research approach of thematic analysis to extract key messages from our interviews. We find that commercial HPC can provide major advantages in accessibility and availability, and may contribute to increasing researchers' career productivity. Significant barriers exist, however, including the need for access to increased expertise in systems programming and parallelisation, and a need for recognition in research funding. We comment on potential solutions to these issues.

César A. Hidalgo, Viktor Stojkoski

We provide a mechanistic foundation for economic complexity methods. In our model, an economy's ability to produce an activity depends on the joint presence of required factors. We analytically derive the Economic Complexity Index for this model and show that it is a monotonic function of the probability an economy holds many factors, validating it as an agnostic measure of productive capabilities. We also show that this model explains differences in the shape of networks of related activities, such as the product space or research space. These findings solve long standing puzzles in the literature on economic complexity.

Alessandra Scardigno, Lorenzo Labellarte, Zein Kallas et al.

The Living Lab approach is gaining popularity to promote the co-design of innovative nature-based solutions (NBSs) to improve the resilience of endangered Mediterranean dryland socio-ecological systems and to restore degraded ecosystems in lands arid and hyper-arid. However, the socio-ecological complexity of the rural and agricultural contexts of the Mediterranean presents specific potential and constraints that have been considered by six LLs in the context of the SALAM-MED PRIMA project. Identifying and engaging relevant stakeholders is a crucial first step. This ensures that all relevant voices are heard and that the solutions address the needs and concerns of the community. Since the stakeholder mapping phase and then in the co-design of the NBS, the LLs have been designed as spaces to generate lasting learning processes and tailored methodological approaches have been adopted to empower local stakeholders and support the scaling-out of NBS.

Minh Hoang Trinh, Nhat-Minh Le-Phan, Hyo-Sung Ahn

In this chapter, an input-output economic model with multiple interactive economic systems is considered. The model captures the multi-dimensional nature of the economic sectors or industries in each economic system, the interdependencies among industries within an economic system and across different economic systems, and the influence of demand. To determine the equilibrium price structure of the model, a matrix-weighted updating algorithm is proposed. The equilibrium price structure is proved to be globally asymptotically achieved when certain joint conditions on the matrix-weighted graph and the input-output matrices are satisfied. The theoretical results are then supported by numerical simulations.

BEJAN BRÎNDUȘA MARIANA , POP CIPRIAN MARCEL

Our society's growth and evolution now place a strong emphasis on sustainability. Sustainable practices ensure a brighter future for future generations in a world with finite resources and adverse environmental effects. Of course, everyone's participation is necessary if there is any prospect for a better world. However, with time, studies have revealed that youngsters are more engaged in neighborhood activities, social responsibility initiatives, and sustainable practices. Starting from these considerations, the article aims to outline a profile of Generation Z, taking into account their constant concern for protecting the environment. Thus, we analyze their attitude towards recycling, their behavior distinct from previous generations, and the factors contributing to shaping this behavior. From a methodological perspective, for this research, we conducted a quantitative survey-based study among members of Generation Z. Following the statistical analysis, the results confirmed our hypothesis that young people exhibit proactive behavior, demonstrating a willingness to engage in the life of their community and participate in actions aimed at conserving the environment. Likewise, through this research, we were able to identify the materials most frequently recycled by young people, as well as the significance of the location for recycling.

POPESCU JENICA , SPULBAR LUCIAN FLORIN , SMARANDESCU ANDREI

This article offers an examination of the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on marketing within the financial services sector, beginning with an exploration of the industry's evolution. As marketing strategies in financial services have shifted from traditional methods to digital-first, data-driven approaches, AI has emerged as a pivotal force driving efficiency, personalization, and customer engagement. The study delves into specific AI applications, such as predictive analytics for understanding customer behavior, machine learning models for dynamic customer segmentation, and automation tools that streamline targeted campaigns. Through a series of case studies, the article showcases real-world examples of AI-driven marketing successes in financial services, illustrating how companies are achieving enhanced customer satisfaction, increased operational efficiency, and data-driven decision-making. Despite these benefits, the discussion also highlights the potential drawbacks of AI adoption in this space, including ethical considerations, data privacy challenges, and the risk of over reliance on automated systems that could lead to diminished human oversight. By addressing both the powerful advantages and the inherent risks of AI in financial marketing, this article provides a balanced view of its role in shaping the future of customer engagement and operational excellence in financial services.

HALIL D. KAYA

In this study, we investigate whether the depth of the financial markets around the world was significantly impacted by the 2008-2009 global crisis. We examine 11 variables on depth. First, we run tests to see if there was a significant change in any of the variables during the run-up to the crisis (i.e. 2006-2007). We find that, during the run up period, the high-income countries were not significantly impacted by the crisis in terms of market depth. On the other hand, a few of the variables significantly changed for the middle-income and low-income countries. For the middle-income countries, both stock market capitalization and the total stock value traded had significantly increased during this period. For the low-income countries, the total stock value traded had significantly increased. Then, we examine the crisis period (i.e. 2007-2008). We find that, during this period, only high-income OECD countries are significantly affected in terms of depth of the market. Stock market capitalization, gross portfolio equity liabilities, and gross portfolio equity assets went down significantly for this group during the crisis period. We do not find any significant change in any of the depth measures for the high-income non-OECD, the middle-income, and the low income groups during the crisis period. Finally, we examine the post-crisis period (i.e. 2008-2009 period). During this period, again only high-income OECD countries are affected in terms of depth of the market (except for one variable for the middle-income group). During the post-crisis period, for the high-income OECD group, stock market capitalization continued to go down significantly. The total stock value traded also went down significantly. Gross portfolio equity liabilities and assets recovered (i.e. increased) and gross portfolio debt liabilities also increased during the post-crisis period. Overall, we conclude that the middle- and low-income groups were affected during the run-up period (i.e. mostly positive; trading volumes increased for both groups and stock market capitalization increased for the middle-income group) and the high-income OECD group was affected during both the crisis and the post-crisis period (mostly negative). We conclude that the global crisis had a negative impact on the depth of the markets in the more developed countries only. Policymakers in the developed nations may benefit from these findings by focusing on the areas that are more vulnerable to a global economic/financial crisis. The stock market values and the trading volume seem to be the main problems in terms of depth of the market when these countries face such a crisis.

Marwan Zeggari, Renaud Lambiotte, Aydin Abadi et al.

While online interactions and exchanges have grown exponentially over the past decade, most commercial infrastructures still operate through centralized protocols, and their success essentially depends on trust between different economic actors. Digital advances such as blockchain technology has led to a massive wave of \textit{Decentralized Ledger Technology} (\textit{DLT}) initiatives, protocols and solutions. This advance makes it possible to implement trustless systems in the real world, which, combined with appropriate economic and participatory incentives, would foster the proper functioning and drive the adoption of a decentralized platform among different actors. This paper describes an alternative to current commercial structures and networks by introducing \textit{Lyzis Labs}, which is is an incentive-driven and democratic protocol designed to support a decentralized online marketplace, based on blockchain technology. The proposal, \textit{Lyzis Marketplace}, allows to connect two or more people in a decentralized and secure way without having to rely on a \textit{Trusted Third Party} (\textit{TTP}) in order to perform physical asset exchanges while mainly providing transparent and fully protected data storage. This approach can potentially lead to the creation of a permissionless, efficient, secure and transparent business environment where each user can gain purchasing and decision-making power by supporting the collective welfare while following their personal interests during their various interactions on the network.

Jussi Heikkilä, Timo Ali-Vehmas, Julius Rissanen

We analyze the link between standardization and economic growth by systematically reviewing leading economics journals, leading economic growth researchers' articles, and economic growth-related books. We make the following observations: 1) No article has analyzed the link between standardization and economic growth in top5 economics journals between 1996 and 2018. 2) A representative sample of the leading researchers of economic growth has allocated little attention to the link between standardization and economic growth. 3) Typically, economic growth textbooks do not contain "standards" or "standardization" in their word indexes. These findings suggest that the economic growth theory has neglected the role of standardization.

BARBĂNEAGRĂ OXANA

The flexibility and security of the international labor market has been severely affected by the pandemic crisis. The present study analyses the flexicurity strategy as a crisis tool for eliminate the negative consequences caused by pandemic crisis. European countries have successfully implemented the Kurzabeit anti-crisis model. In order to financially support, EU has created The SURE program. In crisis, the employees worked part-time and the salary was paid by the employer for the hours worked, and the rest was compensated by the state. In the Republic of Moldova, the labor market has been severely affected by the pandemic crisis, but measures to protect employers and employees have been delayed or selective. As a result, many employees lost their jobs, the number of unemployed has increase. So, the countries that have implemented flexicurity actions or measures and have achieved tangible results in the segment of employment and modernization of the labor market, have reacted quickly and managed the changes and the shock caused by the labor market by COVID-19. Finally, are presented measures for the recovery of the labor market in the post-pandemic period.

Mohamed GHOUALI, Abdelkader HADIR

تعتبر المعلومة الإستراتيجية اليوم كمورد أساس ي من طرف المؤسسات المتطورة في مواجهة العولمة  والتسارع التكنولوجي، الذي خلق منافسة حادة في السوق. كما أن نظام اليقظة الإستراتيجية لا يسمح فقط باستغلال الفرص وتجنب التهديدات، وإنما يسعى إلى تحليل حركة الفعاليات الاقتصادية وتأمين الحماية لها وتحقيق مصالحها، ومنه يمكن القول بأن اليقظة الإستراتيجية لها دور كبير على اتخاذ القرارات خاصة فيما يتعلق بالاستراتيجي منها Today, strategic information is considered an essential resource by advanced institutions in the face of globalization and technological acceleration, which has created severe competition in the market. The strategic vigilance system not only allows to exploit opportunities and avoid threats, but seeks to analyze the movement of economic activities, secure protection for them and achieve their interests, and from it can be said that strategic vigilance has a major role in making decisions, especially with regard to strategic ones.

Hao Chen, Melkior Ornik, Koki Ho

The trend of space commercialization is changing the decision-making process for future space exploration architectures, and there is a growing need for a new decision-making framework that explicitly considers the interactions between the mission coordinator (i.e., government) and the commercial players. In response to this challenge, this paper develops a framework for space exploration and logistics decision making that considers the incentive mechanism to stimulate commercial participation in future space infrastructure development and deployment. By extending the state-of-the-art space logistics design formulations from the game-theoretic perspective, the relationship between the mission coordinator and commercial players is first analyzed, and then the formulation for the optimal architecture design and incentive mechanism in three different scenarios is derived. To demonstrate and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, a case study on lunar habitat infrastructure design and deployment is conducted. Results show how total mission demands and in-situ resource utilization system performances after deployment may impact the cooperation among stakeholders. As an outcome of this study, an incentive-based decision-making framework that can benefit both the mission coordinator and the commercial players from commercialization is derived, leading to a mutually beneficial space exploration between the government and the industry.

Francesco Bottalico, Gianluigi CARDONE, Moltine PREBIBAJ

Puglia region is the most important producer of organic olives in Italy. The study aims at assessing the economic sustainability of a selected organic olive oil farm by adopting and testing the methodology based on a scientific approach designed by CIHEAM Bari, with the aim of a group of experts from national and international research organisations, used in the Programme "Agricoltura&Qualità of Puglia Region. SWOT-analysis of quality schemes system in Puglia has been drawn. The case study concerns a traditional organic farm producing olive oil, table olives, and almonds in Puglia region. The SWOT analysis highlights that Puglia has not a fully functioning system to ensure the sustainability. However, the results prove the feasibility of the methodological approach to assess the economic sustainability. The farm is economically sustainable and can use the Economic sustainability logo, in addition to the organic and PDO logos. Per hectare, almond is the most profitable crop with higher revenue, the variable costs are higher in table olives and inputs are higher in olives for oil. The growing interest in sustainability is an important opportunity to develop the agri-food sector.

Isidora Lj. Ljumović, Vladan D Pavlovic, Goranka R. Knežević

Global expectations are that crowdfunding will be able to unleash the great potential for contributing to sustainable development by providing financial resources for environmentally and socially oriented ven-tures. The purpose of this paper is to estimate which factors, including the orientation to sustainability, foster the likelihood of crowdfunding success in agri-food campaigns. Using a sample of crowdfunding campaigns launched in the Kickstarter platform, this paper employs a binary logistic regression model to investigate factors that motivate investment decisions. The results demonstrate that the campaigns that are rated as sustainable show a positive, statistically relevant relation to the success. In addition, improv-ing the quality and complexity of the project, together with the realistic setting of goal increase the odds of success. In the era of innovative finance, this paper contributes to the growing literature and initiatives to promote and develop crowdfunding in the agri-food industry.

Daniela Ganelin, Isaac Chuang

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) promise to make rigorous higher education accessible to everyone, but prior research has shown that registrants tend to come from backgrounds of higher socioeconomic status. We study geographically granular economic patterns in about 76,000 U.S. registrations for about 600 HarvardX and MITx courses between 2012 and 2018, identifying registrants' locations using both IP geolocation and user-reported mailing addresses. By either metric, we find higher registration rates among postal codes with greater prosperity or population density. However, we also find evidence of bias in IP geolocation: it makes greater errors, both geographically and economically, for users from more economically distressed areas; it disproportionately places users in prosperous areas; and it underestimates the regressive pattern in MOOC registration. Researchers should use IP geolocation in MOOC studies with care, and consider the possibility of similar economic biases affecting its other academic, commercial, and legal uses.

Oscar Claveria

This paper evaluates the dynamic response of economic activity to shocks in uncertainty as percieved by agents.The study focuses on the comparison between the perception of economic uncertainty by manufacturers and consumers.Since uncertainty is not directly observable, we approximate it using the geometric discrepancy indicator of Claveria et al.(2019).This approach allows us quantifying the proportion of disagreement in business and consumer expectations of eleven European countries and the Euro Area.First, we compute three independent indices of discrepancy corresponding to three dimensions of uncertainty (economic, inflation and employment) and we average them to obtain aggregate disagreement measures for businesses and for consumers.Next, we use a bivariate Bayesian vector autoregressive framework to estimate the impulse response functions to innovations in disagreement in every country.We find that the effect on economic activity of shocks to the perception of uncertainty differ markedly between manufacturers and consumers.On the one hand, shocks to consumer discrepancy tend to be of greater magnitude and duration than those to manufacturer discrepancy.On the other hand, innovations in disagreement between the two collectives have an opposite effect on economic activity:shocks to manufacturer discrepancy lead to a decrease in economic activity, as opposed to shocks to consumer discrepancy.This finding is of particular relevance to researchers when using cross-sectional dispersion of survey-based expectations, since the effect on economic growth of shocks to disagreement depend on the type of agent.

Mohamed LARROUM, Samia FEKIR

جاءت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة الدور التي تلعبه معايير التدقيق الدولية الصادرة عن الاتحاد الدولي للمحاسبين في تكريس حوكمة الشركات وإرساء مبادئها للحد من ظاهرة الفساد خاصة بعد الانهيارات المالية الدولية، مع الاستعانة بتجارب بعض الدول المتقدمة والنامية، وقد تم التوصل إلى بعض النتائج أبرزها أن تطبيق الحوكمة في الدول المتقدمة كان له اهتمام كبير نظرا للازمات التي شهدتها هذه الدول عكس الدول النامية لم يكن الاهتمام كبير نظرا لعدم إلزامية التطبيق. وكذا اتضح أنه يكمن دور معايير التدقيق الدولية في تكريس حوكمة الشركات من خلال المعايير التي يضمن التطبيق الجيد للإجراءات والسياسات الإدارية وتكريس مبادئ الحوكمة للحد من الفساد المالي والإداري، وكذا المساعدة في التقليل من مخاطر الأزمات المالية نظرا لدورها الرقابي    This study is a study of the role played by the International Standards Auditing issued by the International Federation of Accountants in the establishment of corporate governance and the establishment of its principles to reduce the phenomenon of corruption, especially after the international financial meltdowns, using the experiences of some developed and developing countries. Developed countries had a great interest due to the crises experienced by these countries unlike the developing countries did not pay great attention due to the non-mandatory application. The role of international auditing standards lies in the consolidation of corporate governance through standards that ensure good application of administrative procedures and policies and devise the principles of governance to reduce financial and administrative corruption, as well as help mitigate the risks of financial crises due to their supervisory role.  

BANȚA VIOREL-COSTIN

The series of articles that refers to everything that means the stages of implementation of an ERP, from the pre-decision phase to the implementation of a computer system to the go-live phase. In this article, the author wants to highlight the phase of IT tests unit (IT_BUT) - in this case, for the SAP system, for the module sales and distributions – SAP SD. The company in which this research was done activates in the area of production of paints, stains and specialty coatings for commercial maintenance and residential markets. Unit Testing IT is a very important stage, which is why the author wants to provide a complete overview of these tests performed by the functional consultants under the supervision of an SAP Integration Manager (SAP IM). The plan with the stages that have been completed by the functional consultants have been detailed which SAP IM since the beginning of the phase, at the same time the gates have been opened for any new step added in the plan, a step that can highlight an event forgotten to be tested. These steps need to be performed, to see if the solution developed and customized, has the same result with what was planned and discussed. As in the case of SAP FICO, as well as in the case of sales and distribution (SD), excel files were created with the help of which was collected helpful information referring to the fact that the test was passed successfully or not.