У статті запропоновано оціночно-орієнтований національний профіль Land Administration Domain Model для України, який задає єдину логіку інтеграції кадастрових, правових, містобудівних і ринкових відомостей у форматі, придатному для масової оцінки та оподаткування нерухомості. Концептуальну основу сформовано на положеннях ISO 19152‑1:2024 та ISO 19152‑4:2025, а структуризацію предметної області виконано у вигляді UML‑моделі з визначенням ключових сутностей і зв’язків між просторовими одиницями, правовими станами та оцінювальними результатами. Для переходу від розрізнених реєстрів і картографічних матеріалів до узгодженого valuation‑ready набору даних обґрунтовано проміжний шар семантичної гармонізації, що включає уніфіковані ідентифікатори, класифікатори та правила нормалізації атрибутів. Описано практичний сценарій формування MVP‑вітрини для масової оцінки з фіксацією джерел даних і контрольних показників якості (повнота ключових полів, дублікати, просторові невідповідності, цінові викиди). Технологічна реалізація профілю підтримується відкритим стеком PostgreSQL/PostGIS, QGIS та Python, що забезпечує відтворюваність розрахунків, аудитованість рішень і можливість масштабування для потреб громад та державних органів. Запропонований підхід формує основу для ведення різних типів оцінок (нормативної, ринкової та масової) в єдиному інформаційному контурі.
Отримано: 15.12.2025;
Прийнято: 14.01.2026;
We examine the Lyness mapping (an integrable $N$th-order discrete system which can be generated from a one-dimensional reduction of the Hirota-Miwa equation) from the point of view of deautonomisation. We show that only the $N=2$ case can be deautonomised when one works with the standard form of the mapping. However it turns out that deautonomisation is possible for arbitrary $N$ when one considers the derivative form of the Lyness mapping. The deautonomisation of the derivative of the $N=2$ case leads to a result we have never met before: the secular dependence in the coefficients of the mapping enters through two different exponential terms instead of just a single one. As a consequence, it turns out that a limit of this multiplicative dependence towards an additive one is possible without modifying the dependent variable. Finally, the analysis of the `late' singularity confinement of the $N=2$ case leads to a novel realisation of the full-deautonomisation principle: the dynamical degree is not given (as is customary) simply by the solution of some linear or multiplicative equation, but is present in the growth of the non-linear (and non-integrable) late-confinement conditions.
El estudio investiga las discrepancias entre los valores catastrales y comerciales de terrenos urbanos en el municipio de Warnes, Santa Cruz Bolivia, con el objetivo de proponer una revisión de la zonificación y actualizar los valores catastrales para reflejar mejor los precios de mercado. A través de encuestas a 118 residentes y el análisis de variables como el tamaño del lote, el número de pisos, el año de construcción, el costo de compra, el vecindario, el uso y la ubicación de las propiedades, se utilizaron modelos de regresión lineal y análisis de frecuencias univariadas para identificar los factores que influyen en estas diferencias. Los principales hallazgos revelan que los valores comerciales suelen ser más altos que los catastrales, y que factores como el tamaño del lote, el número de pisos y el costo de compra son determinantes en esta disparidad. El modelo estadístico desarrollado logra explicar el 78% de la variación en estas diferencias. En conclusión, el estudio sugiere la necesidad de actualizar los valores catastrales y revisar la zonificación en Warnes para que el valor catastral se distribuya mejor con el valor de mercado, mejorando así la equidad en la tributación de los terrenos urbanos dentro del municipio de Warnes.
General Background: In modern tax systems, aligning cadastral values with real market conditions is essential for fair and accurate taxation. Specific Background: Uzbekistan’s current static cadastral valuation system lacks mechanisms to promptly reflect changes in market prices, leading to inefficiencies and tax inequities. Knowledge Gap: Despite modernization efforts, there is no established method for periodically updating cadastral values in response to economic fluctuations. Aims: This study aims to assess the feasibility of integrating indexation into Uzbekistan’s cadastral valuation system and propose a suitable methodology. Results: The research shows that indexation—used globally in countries like Belgium, Spain, and Italy—enhances valuation accuracy, ensures fairer tax burdens, and stabilizes government revenues. Novelty: The study offers a tailored methodology based on international best practices and adapted to Uzbekistan’s specific institutional and data contexts, emphasizing automated integration and public transparency. Implications: Implementing indexation will promote equity in property taxation, reduce administrative burdens, and support the development of a stable, transparent, and adaptive cadastral system aligned with market dynamics.Highlight : Ensures Tax Accuracy – Indexation aligns property values with market conditions, improving fairness and equity in real estate taxation. Supports Fiscal Stability – Regular value updates through indexation help maintain a predictable and stable tax base. Adaptable Integration – The proposed model allows integration with existing digital systems like CAMA for efficient implementation. Keywords : Cadastral Value, Indexation Method, Real Estate Tax, Tax Accuracy, Market Price Index.
The article studies problems of Ukraine in the sphere of agricultural production within the framework of the European integration process. The state of agrarian production potential and the land fund of Ukraine is assessed.
The indicators of agro-industrial production of agricultural products in Ukraine and its separate region (Kirovograd region) are described.
A comparative analysis of the number of economic entities, volumes of crop and livestock production for 2021 (pre-war period) and 2022 (post-war period) in the context of Ukraine and Kirovohrad region based on the materials of the State Statistics Service is carried out to assess Ukraine's capabilities and competitiveness in the foreign market.
The article describes the problems of the decline in agricultural production and estimates the losses of agricultural production since the beginning of the full-scale invasion.
The article analyses Ukraine's foreign trade with the EU countries and Ukraine's actions on the way to European integration.
The state of agricultural land in Kirovohrad region is assessed, the main negative factors of agricultural development of the territories in the pre-war period are described. The ways to restore agricultural land as a result of the existing problems are described. The state of the soil cover affected by the hostilities is assessed.
The principles and requirements for exporting products to the EU market are described.
The problems of the agricultural sector of Ukraine in the production of products for the foreign market are analyzed and the measures to be taken to join the European Union are described.
The article analyses the prospects that the European Union receives from Ukraine's membership and the prospects of Ukraine if it is granted the status of a member of the European Union. The necessity of accelerating Ukraine's European integration process is substantiated.
Alice Carlotta Tani, Giuseppe Pulighe, Concetta Cardillo
et al.
Agricultural production plays an important role in the global economy, contributing greatly to the supply of food resources and human well-being. Mapping the areas of agricultural coverage and calculating their respective average annual production values is useful for orienting food security strategies, in a context of climate change and a growing global population. Despite their importance, today no complete and updated maps exist for all types of crops. To provide this critical data lack, we have harmonized statistical datasets at a regional level of detail across Europe (EU-27) to develop a unified dataset consisting of the best available data in the context of agricultural monitoring activities carried out by the CREA. This document illustrates the methodologies adopted to create an harmonized database and an open and easy-to-use cartographic atlas of agricultural area and production, based on accessible, interoperable and reusable data available from Eurostat.
The availability of detailed maps of area and crop production at a regional level can help optimize a wide range of agricultural monitoring, ranging from early warning on phytopathological conditions, to assessment of crop conditions, to production forecasts and the assessment of damage caused by extreme weather events, agricultural statistics, agricultural insurance and climate mitigation and adaptation actions.
Antonio Cosentino, Alessandro Brunetti, Paolo Mazzanti
Just under five years ago it seemed impossible to be able to use
a simple and already widespread camera as a reliable monitoring
tool for a design engineer. Today, thanks to the giant strides
made by technology and IT evolution, this is no longer the case
and what once seemed like science fiction is now reality, thanks
to the innovative Photomonitoring technique. But how can
you obtain reliable information through two simple images?
This article illustrates the general principles of Photomonitoring
and the main applicability criteria of this method, also
through successful application examples.
Niccolò DeCarlo, Ciro Romano, Gianluca Granero
et al.
The article explores the integration of the Digital Twin concept with Federated Learning techniques for monitoring critical infrastructure. This approach allows for local data processing and knowledge transfer between different infrastructures,
minimizing the amount of data sent to the cloud. Benefits include enhanced data security, operational efficiency, and more proactive maintenance. Through practical examples, it demonstrates how these technologies can revolutionize the management of critical infrastructure.
Purpose: Echo modulation curve (EMC) modeling can provide accurate and reproducible quantification of T2 relaxation times. The standard EMC-T2 mapping framework, however, requires sufficient echoes and cumbersome pixel-wise dictionary-matching steps. This work proposes a deep learning version of EMC-T2 mapping, called DeepEMC-T2 mapping, to efficiently estimate accurate T2 maps from fewer echoes without a dictionary. Methods: DeepEMC-T2 mapping was developed using a modified U-Net to estimate both T2 and Proton Density (PD) maps directly from multi-echo spin-echo (MESE) images. The modified U-Net employs several new features to improve the accuracy of T2/PD estimation. MESE datasets from 68 subjects were used for training and evaluation of the DeepEMC-T2 mapping technique. Multiple experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of the proposed new features on DeepEMC-T2 mapping. Results: DeepEMC-T2 mapping achieved T2 estimation errors ranging from 3%-12% in different T2 ranges and 0.8%-1.7% for PD estimation with 10/7/5/3 echoes, which yielded more accurate parameter estimation than standard EMC-T2 mapping. The new features proposed in DeepEMC-T2 mapping enabled improved parameter estimation. The use of a larger echo spacing with fewer echoes can maintain the accuracy of T2 and PD estimations while reducing the number of 180-degree refocusing pulses. Conclusions: DeepEMC-T2 mapping enables simplified, efficient, and accurate T2 quantification directly from MESE images without a time-consuming dictionary-matching step and requires fewer echoes. This allows for increased volumetric coverage and/or decreased SAR by reducing the number of 180-degree refocusing pulses.
The definition of many-to-one mapping, or $m$-to-$1$ mapping for short, between two finite sets is introduced in this paper, which unifies and generalizes the definitions of $2$-to-$1$ mappings and $n$-to-$1$ mappings. A generalized local criterion is given, which is an abstract criterion for a mapping to be $m$-to-$1$. By employing the generalized local criterion, three constructions of $m$-to-$1$ mapping are proposed, which unify and generalize all the previous constructions of $2$-to-$1$ mappings and $n$-to-$1$ mappings. Then the $m$-to-$1$ property of polynomials $f(x) = x^r h(x^s)$ on $\mathbb{F}_{q}^{*}$ is studied by using these three constructions. A series of explicit conditions for~$f$ to be an $m$-to-$1$ mapping on $\mathbb{F}_{q}^{*}$ are found through the detailed discussion of the parameters $m$, $s$, $q$ and the polynomial $h$. These results extend many conclusions in the literature.
<p>The very high-resolution space imagery now competes with some functions that were previously solved with aerial images. Several very high-resolution optical satellites with a ground sampling distance (GSD) of 1 m and smaller are currently active. Not all of these satellites take images worldwide. Nevertheless, it is not a problem to obtain up-to-date satellite images with a very high resolution. Mapping projects not only need to consider access and quality, but also cost-effectiveness. Of course, the economic framework conditions are decisive for the decision as to whether space images or very high-resolution satellite images should be used. With a total 21 SkySat satellites, low-cost satellites with very high resolution have changed the economic conditions. To keep costs and weights down, the Skysat satellites were not designed to offer the best direct geo-referencing performance, but this problem can be solved by automatic orientation in relation to existing orthoimages.</p><p>In North Rhine-Westphalia, the cadastral maps must be checked at regular intervals to ensure that the buildings are complete. A test project examined whether this is possible with SkySat images. The geometric conditions and the image quality with the effective ground resolutions are investigated. Experiences from earlier publications could not be used. First the specific problem had to be solved, the resolution of the SkySat images was improved by lowering the satellite orbit altitude from 500 km to 450 km and by a better super resolution with 0.50 m ground sampling distance for the SkySat Collect orthoimages and in addition Planet improved their generation of Collect images. The required standard deviation of the object details of 4 m was achieved clearly as the effective ground resolution of 0.5 m if the angle of incidence is below 20°.</p>
Methodological tools for improving the existing methods of cadastral land valuation are described. The basis of its development and improvement of objectivity is the ecological paradigm, the conceptual novelty of which consists in the cost accounting of changes in productive properties and at the same time the ecological state of arable land as a result of annual cycles of economic use. A conceptually new way of forecasting the potential costs associated with the cultivation of crop products has also been developed. It is based on the economic and mathematical models created by the author.
The article critically investigates the
possibilities offered by new interactive
visual technologies for remote professional
collaboration, highlighting the
legal aspects yet to be defined.
Trevor Clark, Kostiantyn Drach, Oleg Kozlovski
et al.
In holomorphic dynamics, complex box mappings arise as first return maps to well-chosen domains. They are a generalization of polynomial-like mapping, where the domain of the return map can have infinitely many components. They turned out to be extremely useful in tackling diverse problems. The purpose of this paper is: -To illustrate some pathologies that can occur when a complex box mapping is not induced by a globally defined map and when its domain has infinitely many components, and to give conditions to avoid these issues. -To show that once one has a box mapping for a rational map, these conditions can be assumed to hold in a very natural setting. Thus we call such complex box mappings dynamically natural. -Many results in holomorphic dynamics rely on an interplay between combinatorial and analytic techniques: (*)the Enhanced Nest by Kozlovski-Shen-van Strien; (*)the Covering Lemma by Kahn-Lyubich; (*)the QC-Criterion, the Spreading Principle. The purpose of this paper is to make these tools more accessible so that they can be used as a 'black box', so one does not have to redo the proofs in new settings. -To give an intuitive, but also rather detailed, outline of the proof of the following results by Kozlovski-van Strien for non-renormalizable dynamically natural box mappings: (*)puzzle pieces shrink to points; (*)topologically conjugate non-renormalizable polynomials and box mappings are quasiconformally conjugate. -We prove the fundamental ergodic properties for dynamically natural box mappings. This leads to some necessary conditions for when such a box mapping supports a measurable invariant line field on its filled Julia set. These mappings are the analogues of Lattes maps in this setting. -We prove a version of Mane's Theorem for complex box mappings concerning expansion along orbits of points that avoid a neighborhood of the set of critical points.
Quality control (QC) of geospatial data is relevant to urban territorial management to ensure accurate data for government to make strategic decisions when planning cities. The acquisition and control of geospatial data in the Brazilian government must follow INDE - National Data Spatial Infrastructure - through the Technical Specifications. The cadastral cartography from urban areas in Brasilia was updated and divided into 10 areas. Acquired data includes classes, features, attributes and metadata on 1:1,000 scale. High resolution images and LIDAR data were used to assist the QC process. The first step of the QC was to check positional accuracy. Samples were applied for each class in the mapping block with 4% rate on the feature random selection and all features class had the same level of confidence. Then, three stages were automatically verified: logical consistency, commision and attribute thematic accuracy evaluations. The process also includes the visual interpretation for omission and classification, which involves a certain subjectivity. Everything was executed with QGIS, FME, Erdas Imagine, Postgresql, PostGIS and a plugin specifically developed for that, the DSGTools. The results show that in general, the quantity of errors were low. However, many errors were detected in the elements completeness and thematic accuracy, specially in áreas 1, 2, 3, 6 and 9. In the opposite, the logical consistency and positional accuracy presented the lowest quantity of errors, which does not diminish the relevance of these errors, since it compromises the usability of the data.
In this paper we investigate potential issues of fairness related to the motion of mobile robots. We focus on the particular use case of humanitarian mapping and disaster response. We start by showing that there is a fairness dimension to robot navigation, and use a walkthrough example to bring out design choices and issues that arise during the development of a fair system. We discuss indirect discrimination, fairness-efficiency trade-offs, the existence of counter-productive fairness definitions, privacy and other issues. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the potential of our methodology as a concrete responsible innovation tool for eliciting ethical issues in the design of autonomous systems.
Emmanuel Nyandwi, Mila Koeva, Divyani Kohli
et al.
The objective to fast-track the mapping and registration of large numbers of unrecorded land rights globally, leads to the experimental application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the domain of land administration, and specifically the application of automated visual cognition techniques for cadastral mapping tasks. In this research, we applied and compared the ability of rule-based systems within Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA), as opposed to human analysis, to extract visible cadastral boundaries from Very high resolution (VHR) World View-2 image, in both rural and urban settings. From our experiments, machine-based techniques were able to automatically delineate a good proportion of rural parcels with explicit polygons where the correctness of the automatically extracted boundaries was 47.4% against 74.24% for humans and the completeness of 45% for machine, as against 70.4% for humans. On the contrary, in the urban area, automatic results were counterintuitive: even though urban plots and buildings are clearly marked with visible features such as fences, roads and tacitly perceptible to eyes, automation resulted in geometrically and topologically poorly structured data, that could neither be geometrically compared with human digitised, nor actual cadastral data from the field. These results provide an updated snapshot with regards to the performance of contemporary machine-drive feature extraction techniques compared to conventional manual digitising.
Abstract. In the domain of land administration, UAV-based orthophotos are gaining in importance as base data to support the extraction of cadastral boundaries and further visual interpretation, manual digitization, or automated feature detection procedures. However, the fact that UAV-derived geographical information can support decision-making processes that involve people’s land rights ultimately raises questions about the quality of the respective data. Especially geometric accuracy and radiometry can be negatively influenced by poor flight planning, densely populated areas, and adverse meteorological conditions. Thus, this paper takes a closer look at optimal workflows to minimize the need for ground truthing by presenting an experimental assessment of flight parameters and ground truth methods. More than 40 datasets entail the representative basis to investigate the impact on the absolute geometric accuracy of derived UAV-based orthomosaics. Results suggest that UAV data acquisition workflows can cover a wide range of data quality depending on UAV equipment, flight planning parameters and ground truthing strategies. Ultimately, this paper can help to determine the best approach to provide a high-quality data product that satisfies end user and supports the provision of reliable base data for automated or manual extraction of cadastral boundaries.
Carotid atherosclerosis is a focal disease at the bifurcations of the carotid artery. To quantitatively monitor the local changes in the vessel-wall-plus-plaque thickness (VWT) and compare the VWT distributions for different patients or for the same patients at different ultrasound scanning sessions, a mapping technique is required to adjust for the geometric variability of different carotid artery models. In this work, we propose a novel method called density-equalizing reference map (DERM) for mapping 3D carotid surfaces to a standardized 2D carotid template, with an emphasis on preserving the local geometry of the carotid surface by minimizing the local area distortion. The initial map was generated by a previously described arc-length scaling (ALS) mapping method, which projects a 3D carotid surface onto a 2D non-convex L-shaped domain. A smooth and area-preserving flattened map was subsequently constructed by deforming the ALS map using the proposed algorithm that combines the density-equalizing map and the reference map techniques. This combination allows, for the first time, one-to-one mapping from a 3D surface to a standardized non-convex planar domain in an area-preserving manner. Evaluations using 20 carotid surface models show that the proposed method reduced the area distortion of the flattening maps by over 80% as compared to the ALS mapping method.