Hasil untuk "Bibliography. Library science. Information resources"

Raphaël Millière

Deep learning has enabled major advances across most areas of artificial intelligence research. This remarkable progress extends beyond mere engineering achievements and holds significant relevance for the philosophy of cognitive science. Deep neural networks have made significant strides in overcoming the limitations of older connectionist models that once occupied the centre stage of philosophical debates about cognition. This development is directly relevant to long-standing theoretical debates in the philosophy of cognitive science. Furthermore, ongoing methodological challenges related to the comparative evaluation of deep neural networks stand to benefit greatly from interdisciplinary collaboration with philosophy and cognitive science. The time is ripe for philosophers to explore foundational issues related to deep learning and cognition; this perspective paper surveys key areas where their contributions can be especially fruitful.

Patrícia Nascimento Silva

Resumo A recuperação de informação é uma área de estudo nativa da ciência da computação, cujo termo foi criado somente em 1951. No entanto, por mais de 5 mil anos, a humanidade vem organizando a informação para sua busca e recuperação. Com o advento dos computadores, o termo que era de interesse apenas de bibliotecários teve seu desenvolvimento acelerado. Desafios atuais envolvendo novos dispositivos e fenômenos, como o Big Data, continuam incitando estudos na área para promover aos usuários o acesso às informações. Este artigo tem o objetivo de identificar a produção acadêmico-científica brasileira sobre a recuperação de informação na ciência da informação nos últimos 10 anos. A Pesquisa é descritiva e exploratória, com abordagem quali-quantitativa, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações no período de 2012 a 2021. Foram selecionados 69 documentos, categorizados em 27 temáticas. A maior frequência de documentos foi observada para as seguintes temáticas: estudo de usuários, mecanismos de busca, representação da informação, modelo de recuperação e representação temática. Observou-se que as temáticas mais recentes são apresentadas a partir de 2016, e que o maior número de trabalhos está vinculado à Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. No contexto da Ciência da Informação, a recuperação de informação tem forte ligação com a organização e a representação da informação e compõem uma relação quase que indissociável. O estudo é um aporte para novos pesquisadores, contribuindo para publicizar as contribuições existentes e instigando novas reflexões sobre a recuperação de Informação na Ciência da Informação.

Onur Günlü, Rafael F. Schaefer, Holger Boche et al.

The problem of secure source coding with multiple terminals is extended by considering a remote source whose noisy measurements are the correlated random variables used for secure source reconstruction. The main additions to the problem include 1) all terminals noncausally observe a noisy measurement of the remote source; 2) a private key is available to all legitimate terminals; 3) the public communication link between the encoder and decoder is rate-limited; and 4) the secrecy leakage to the eavesdropper is measured with respect to the encoder input, whereas the privacy leakage is measured with respect to the remote source. Exact rate regions are characterized for a lossy source coding problem with a private key, remote source, and decoder side information under security, privacy, communication, and distortion constraints. By replacing the distortion constraint with a reliability constraint, we obtain the exact rate region also for the lossless case. Furthermore, the lossy rate region for scalar discrete-time Gaussian sources and measurement channels is established.

Ram Sagar

The Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), a premier autonomous research institute under the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India has a legacy of about seven decades with contributions made in the field of observational sciences namely atmospheric and astrophysics. The Survey of India used a location at ARIES, determined with an accuracy of better than 10 meters on a world datum through institute participation in a global network of Earth artificial satellites imaging during late 1950. Taking advantage of its high-altitude location, ARIES, for the first time, provided valuable input for climate change studies by long term characterization of physical and chemical properties of aerosols and trace gases in the central Himalayan regions. In astrophysical sciences, the institute has contributed precise and sometime unique observations of the celestial bodies leading to a number of discoveries. With the installation of the 3.6 meter Devasthal optical telescope in the year 2015, India became the only Asian country to join those few nations of the world who are hosting 4 meter class optical telescopes. This telescope, having advantage of geographical location, is well-suited for multi-wavelength observations and for sub-arc-second resolution imaging of the celestial objects including follow-up of the GMRT, AstroSat and gravitational-wave sources.

Hermann Kroll, Jan Pirklbauer, Florian Plötzky et al.

Information extraction can support novel and effective access paths for digital libraries. Nevertheless, designing reliable extraction workflows can be cost-intensive in practice. On the one hand, suitable extraction methods rely on domain-specific training data. On the other hand, unsupervised and open extraction methods usually produce not-canonicalized extraction results. This paper tackles the question how digital libraries can handle such extractions and if their quality is sufficient in practice. We focus on unsupervised extraction workflows by analyzing them in case studies in the domains of encyclopedias (Wikipedia), pharmacy and political sciences. We report on opportunities and limitations. Finally we discuss best practices for unsupervised extraction workflows.

Mahdieh Latifzadeh, Sayyed Mohammad Mahdi Qabuli Dorafshan, Saeed Mohseni et al.

Personal data is of great economic importance, which is called the currency of the future, but the environment in which people live and work with it constantly, collect and process personal data and use it in a variety of ways. Therefore, there is a need for laws that protect this valuable thing. The most important legal framework for the protection of personal data is the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This regulation was approved in 2016 and came into force in 2018, and is currently the most comprehensive framework for the protection of personal data. However, in previous years the EU has enacted legislation on the protection of personal data (Personal Data Protection Directive 1995), but this regulation is the most complete legal framework for data protection due to its innovative features and protections. Due to the importance of this regulation in the protection of personal data, it is necessary to introduce this legal framework and express the basic concepts, scope of application and strengths of this regulation in order to better understand the protections contained in the GDPR. The present article, by searching this regulation and related sources, states this and takes steps to clarify this regulation to help formulate an appropriate legal framework regarding the protection of personal data in the Iranian legal system.

Ricardo Pérez-Marco

Telegraphic notes on the historical bibliography of the Gamma function and Eulerian integrals. Correction to some classical references. Some topics of the interest of the author. We provide some extensive (but not exhaustive) bibliography. Feedback is welcome, notes will be updated and some references need completion.

Jie Hou, Hanxiao Pan, Teng Guo et al.

Science of science has become a popular topic that attracts great attentions from the research community. The development of data analytics technologies and the readily available scholarly data enable the exploration of data-driven prediction, which plays a pivotal role in finding the trend of scientific impact. In this paper, we analyse methods and applications in data-driven prediction in the science of science, and discuss their significance. First, we introduce the background and review the current state of the science of science. Second, we review data-driven prediction based on paper citation count, and investigate research issues in this area. Then, we discuss methods to predict scholar impact, and we analyse different approaches to promote the scholarly collaboration in the collaboration network. This paper also discusses open issues and existing challenges, and suggests potential research directions.

Cristiane Samária Gomes da Silva, María del Carmen Sforza Gil

En un Fab Lab de la ciudad de San Pablo, de una forma muy dinámica y rápida, con el auxilio de la comunidad maker elaboramos un kit educativo pensado en universalizar el acceso a recursos tecnológicos de bajo costo con el que los principiantes en electrónica pueden tener su primer contacto con los principios de electrónica, y con la programación de un Arduino Uno. Nuestro desafío fue el siguiente: ¿Qué tal crear nuestro propio material? ¿Y si fuera con la forma de un Fusquita con luces parpadeando alegremente? Este simpático y popular coche conocido universalmente puede ser un buen embajador del Arduino que también se está utilizando en todo el mundo. Y, en este contexto, baseados en la teoría del construccionismo de Seymour Papert (1985 y 2007), de los 4Ps de Mitchel Resnick (2018) y de la educación manos en la masa, un producto creado en el marco de un Fab Lab rompió las fronteras. Entró en ambientes educativos, llevando la cultura maker para esos espacios. Además, proporcionó un puente entre los makers y la educación.

Fanghui Xiao, Liz Lyon, Ning Zou et al.

Stefano Pigliapoco

The Italian law of digital preservation has determined, from 2014 to current, the start-up of more of 70 companies, named “conservatori accreditati”, to provide high quality digital preservation services to public and private organizations. The particularity of Italian strategy is that two institutions, the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities (MiBAC) and the Agency of Digital Italy (AgID), are defining methods, procedures and technical rules to archives preservation and digital records preservation without any evident coordination. The article aims to analyse the critical issues in current context to contribute to the harmonization of Italian rules for creating and preserving hybrid archives.

Dario Rodighiero, Frédéric Kaplan, Boris Beaude

Scholarly affinities are one of the most fundamental hidden dynamics that drive scientific development. Some affinities are actual, and consequently can be measured through classical academic metrics such as co-authoring. Other affinities are potential, and therefore do not leave visible traces in information systems; for instance, some peers may share interests without actually knowing it. This article illustrates the development of a map of affinities for academic collectives, designed to be relevant to three audiences: the management, the scholars themselves, and the external public. Our case study involves the School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering of EPFL, hereinafter ENAC. The school consists of around 1,000 scholars, 70 laboratories, and 3 institutes. The actual affinities are modeled using the data available from the information systems reporting publications, teaching, and advising scholars, whereas the potential affinities are addressed through text mining of the publications. The major challenge for designing such a map is to represent the multi-dimensionality and multi-scale nature of the information. The affinities are not limited to the computation of heterogeneous sources of information; they also apply at different scales. The map, thus, shows local affinities inside a given laboratory, as well as global affinities among laboratories. This article presents a graphical grammar to represent affinities. Its effectiveness is illustrated by two actualizations of the design proposal: an interactive online system in which the map can be parameterized, and a large-scale carpet of 250 square meters. In both cases, we discuss how the materiality influences the representation of data, in particular the way key questions could be appropriately addressed considering the three target audiences: the insights gained by the management and their consequences in terms of governance, the understanding of the scholars’ own positioning in the academic group in order to foster opportunities for new collaborations and, eventually, the interpretation of the structure from a general public to evaluate the relevance of the tool for external communication.

Alexander M. Grimwade

Hadi Sharif Moghaddam, Maryam Salami, Zohre Javadi

Background and aim: Today, the use of scientometric methods to evaluate the scientific outputs of researchers in various fields has been highly regarded and the Hirsch index (h-index) is one of the most important scientometric indices due to the simultaneous measurement of quantity and quality of scientific outputs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the status of Iranian agricultural articles at the Scopus citation database based on the h-index. Material and methods: This applied study was performed using a scientometric method. The research population consisted of 4037 agricultural articles produced by Iranian researchers from 2010 to 2016, which were extracted from Scopus. Excel software and SPSS 16 were used to draw tables and analyze the data, respectively. Moreover, the Spearman’s correlation coefficient and Pearson test were applied to answer the research hypotheses. Findings: In this period, 4037 agricultural articles of 157 Iranian researchers were indexed at Scopus, of which the largest was in 2011. The Advances in Environmental Biology Journal had the highest number of articles (237) and the Bioresource Technology Journal had the highest h-index (19). The results of Spearman's correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant relationship between the h-index and number of articles (P-value <0.05). Conclusion: Iran in the agricultural field is ranked 3rd place in the Middle East and 42th in the world based on h-index. Although Iran has been able to gain stable place in production of agricultural articles, it has not been successful in the region and world in citing its articles and h-index as well as further efforts are needed in this regard.

Rachel Elizabeth Scott

A Review of: Shao, X., & Purpur, G. (2016). Effects of information literacy skills on student writing and course performance. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 42(6), 670-678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2016.08.006 Abstract Objective – To measure the correlation of tested information literacy skills with individual writing scores and overall course grade. Design – Online, multiple-choice survey. Setting – Public research university in North Carolina, United States of America. Subjects – Freshmen students enrolled in either first-year seminar (UCO1200) or basic English writing course (ENG1000). Methods – A 25-question, forced-choice test was piloted with 30 students and measured for internal consistency using Cronbach’s Alphas. The survey instrument was slightly revised before being administered online via SelectSurvey, to 398 students in 19 different sections of either UCO1200 or ENG1000, during class sessions. The test measured students’ information literacy skills in four areas: research strategies, resource types, scholarly vs. popular, and evaluating websites. The preliminary questions asked for each student’s name, major (by category), number of library instruction sessions attended, and the names of library services utilized. The students’ information literacy scores were compared to their writing scores and overall course grades, both of which were obtained from course instructors. The information literacy scores were also analyzed for correlation to the number of library instruction sessions attended or the types of library services utilized. Main Results – Information literacy skills positively correlated with writing scores (n=344, r=-.153, p=0.004) and final course grades (n=345, r=0.112, p=0.037). Pearson’s Correlation Coefficients results demonstrated relationships between writing scores and the information literacy test section “Scholarly versus Popular Sources” (n=344, r=0.145, p=0.007), and final grade and information literacy test sections “Types of Sources” (n=345, r=0.124, p=0.021) and “Website Evaluation” (n=345, r=0.117, p=0.029). The impact of using other library services or of attending multiple information literacy sessions was not statistically significant. Conclusion – Students’ mastery of tested information literacy skills directly correlates to their writing and final course grades. The study confirms the need for faculty and library collaboration to create well-integrated library instruction and services, and advocates for librarians to become integral to campus initiatives for student learning and success.

Çev.: Nazlı Alkan

This study focus on how an individual's particular work context, job characteristics and knowledge-related job requirements affect the relationship between task-technology fit (TTF) and the use of information systems (IS) in knowledge management activities. The literature on Knowledge Management (KM) and Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) is reviewed to identify relevant constructs and their dimensions. Based on this analysis, a model is proposed and tested. Our findings suggest that providing appropriate IT tools that fit tasks alone is no guarantee that they will be employed to leverage the acquisition, transfer and reuse of knowledge. Certain characteristics of jobs, driven by particular work contexts, generate greater need and opportunity for knowledge use. These latter factors moderate the relationship between TTF and actual use of IS for KM purposes: the greater the need and opportunity to conduct knowledgerelated activities, the stronger the relationship between TTF and actual IS use.

Yan Zhang, Mete Ozay, Zhun Sun et al.

In this paper, we suggest a framework to make use of mutual information as a regularization criterion to train Auto-Encoders (AEs). In the proposed framework, AEs are regularized by minimization of the mutual information between input and encoding variables of AEs during the training phase. In order to estimate the entropy of the encoding variables and the mutual information, we propose a non-parametric method. We also give an information theoretic view of Variational AEs (VAEs), which suggests that VAEs can be considered as parametric methods that estimate entropy. Experimental results show that the proposed non-parametric models have more degree of freedom in terms of representation learning of features drawn from complex distributions such as Mixture of Gaussians, compared to methods which estimate entropy using parametric approaches, such as Variational AEs.

Anthony Bordg

We give a concise presentation of the Univalent Foundations of mathematics outlining the main ideas, followed by a discussion of the UniMath library of formalized mathematics implementing the ideas of the Univalent Foundations (section 1), and the challenges one faces in attempting to design a large-scale library of formalized mathematics (section 2). This leads us to a general discussion about the links between architecture and mathematics where a meeting of minds is revealed between architects and mathematicians (section 3). On the way our odyssey from the foundations to the "horizon" of mathematics will lead us to meet the mathematicians David Hilbert and Nicolas Bourbaki as well as the architect Christopher Alexander.

Álvaro López García, Enol Fernández-del-Castillo, Pablo Orviz Fernández et al.

Cloud computing has permeated into the information technology industry in the last few years, and it is emerging nowadays in scientific environments. Science user communities are demanding a broad range of computing power to satisfy the needs of high-performance applications, such as local clusters, high-performance computing systems, and computing grids. Different workloads are needed from different computational models, and the cloud is already considered as a promising paradigm. The scheduling and allocation of resources is always a challenging matter in any form of computation and clouds are not an exception. Science applications have unique features that differentiate their workloads, hence, their requirements have to be taken into consideration to be fulfilled when building a Science Cloud. This paper will discuss what are the main scheduling and resource allocation challenges for any Infrastructure as a Service provider supporting scientific applications.

S. Swaroop Vedula, Masaru Ishii, Gregory D. Hager

The availability of large amounts of data together with advances in analytical techniques afford an opportunity to address difficult challenges in ensuring that healthcare is safe, effective, efficient, patient-centered, equitable, and timely. Surgical care and training stand to tremendously gain through surgical data science. Herein, we discuss a few perspectives on the scope and objectives for surgical data science.