Genomics is a Big Data science and is going to get much bigger, very soon, but it is not known whether the needs of genomics will exceed other Big Data domains. Projecting to the year 2025, we compared genomics with three other major generators of Big Data: astronomy, YouTube, and Twitter. Our estimates show that genomics is a “four-headed beast”—it is either on par with or the most demanding of the domains analyzed here in terms of data acquisition, storage, distribution, and analysis. We discuss aspects of new technologies that will need to be developed to rise up and meet the computational challenges that genomics poses for the near future. Now is the time for concerted, community-wide planning for the “genomical” challenges of the next decade.
This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library “MaStar”). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17). Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Astronomy databases (83); Optical telescopes (1174); Infrared astronomy (786); Redshift surveys (1378); Galactic abundances (2002); Stellar spectral lines (1630); Stellar properties (1624)
Ekundayo A. ADESINA, Oluibukun G. AJAYI, Joseph O. ODUMOSU
et al.
Traditional urban growth models often decouple land-use change from its climatic consequences, creating planning blind spots. This study introduces a globally transferable Dynamic Suitability-Weighted CA-Markov (DSW-CA-Markov) framework that, for the first time, integrates Land Surface Temperature (LST) trends as dynamic suitability factors within Cellular Automata transition rules, enabling bidirectional urban-thermal feedback simulation. We develop and validate this framework using multi-temporal Landsat data (2010, 2015, 2020) from Abuja, Nigeria, then project integrated urban-thermal patterns to 2030. Our primary innovation is a dynamic feedback mechanism where pixel-level LST change rates are embedded as evolving suitability factors within CA transition rules, moving beyond static suitability mapping or post-hoc thermal correlation. Results reveal a 157.29% built-up increase (2010-2020) with LST rises of 3.6 °C, and projected continued expansion with amplified UHI effects. The DSW-CA-Markov framework demonstrates superior capability in simulating coupled urban-thermal dynamics compared to conventional CA-Markov approaches (Kappa improvement: 0.08; thermal : 0.73 vs. 0.65). This study provides both a novel methodological template for climate-responsive urban modelling and crucial insights for sustainable planning in fast-growing cities globally.
The gamma-ray bursts GRB 211211A and GRB 060614, believed to originate from the merger of compact objects, exhibit similarities to the jetted tidal disruption event (TDE) Sw J1644+57, by showing violent variabilities in the light curve during the decay phase. Previous studies suggest that such fluctuations in TDE may arise from the fallback of tidal disrupted debris. In this paper, we introduce the fluctuations of the mass distribution d M / d E for the debris ejected during the tidal disruption (with energy E ) and study their impact on jet power. Turbulence induced by tidal force and the self-gravity of the debris may imprint variabilities in d M / d E during fallback. We model these fluctuations with a power density spectrum $\propto \,{f}_{{\rm{E}}}^{\beta }$ , where f _E = 1/ E and β is the power-law index. We find that the resulting light curve can preserve the fluctuation characteristics from d M / d E . In addition, the observed fluctuations in the light curves can be reproduced for a given suitable β . Based on the observations, we find that the value of β should be around −1.
Ataru Tanikawa, Long Wang, Michiko S. Fujii
et al.
The Gaia mission and its follow-up observations have discovered a few candidates of non-interacting single black holes (BHs) and visible stars, Gaia BH1, BH2, and BH3, collectively called "astrometric BH binaries". This paper investigates whether any of these candidates harbor binary BHs (BBHs), namely, whether any such candidates are previously undiscovered "astrometric BBH triples''. Focusing on open star clusters, which are promising formation sites of astrometric BH binaries, we estimate the formation rate of astrometric BBH triples through gravitational $N$-body simulations. We find a competitively high formation efficiency of astrometric BBH triples ($\sim 10^{-6} M_\odot^{-1}$ or $\sim 10$\% of astrometric BH binaries) in low-metallicity environments but no astrometric BBH triples in solar-metallicity environments. Most of the astrometric BBH triples in our simulations were dynamically stable for $10$ Gyrs, indicating that $\sim10$\% of astrometric BH binary candidates may indeed harbor inner BBHs if they originate from open star clusters in low-metallicity environments. Astrometric BBH triples can be distinguished from astrometric BH binaries through radial velocity follow-up of the tertiary star. According to the statistics of our simulated samples, a small percent of astrometric BH binary candidates should exhibit detectable radial-velocity modulations generated by inner BBHs. Such candidates preferentially exhibit "outer'' orbital periods of $\gtrsim 10^3$ days and moderately high "outer'' orbital eccentricities ($\gtrsim 0.7$). Our current result will strongly motivate the search for astrometric BBH triples in the upcoming Gaia Data Release 4 and Gaia Final Data Release.
Abstract Programmable photonic integrated circuits can realize analog matrix multiplication to accelerate computing disruptively in various fields. However, a major challenge is the precise voltage configuration of the circuit to deal with the universal static error derived from manufacturing. Here, we propose a complete off-chip method based on the combination of gradient descent and genetic algorithms to find the optimal configuration for an arbitrary matrix, enabling imperfect circuits to achieve excellent performance. In the simulation, we demonstrated that our method implements an arbitrary matrix with an average fidelity of 0.992 on a Mach–Zehnder-interferometer-based circuit with up to 28 input ports. Experimentally, we demonstrated superior performance on the circuit with 4 input ports, including training a theoretical model that characterized the experimental imperfections of the fabricated chip and obtaining the optimal configuration for permutation matrices with near-one fidelity and for 100 unitary matrices with a 0.985 average fidelity.
Hunter J. Pratt, Logan T. Mathews, Tyce W. Olaveson
et al.
A sound power spectrum analysis has been conducted on a T-7A-installed F404 engine, for operating conditions spanning intermediate thrust to afterburner. From free-field pressure spectra at microphone arc arrays with radii of 38 and 76 m, sound power level spectra are calculated from surface integrals and assumed axisymmetric radiation. The spectral peak-frequency region, from ∼100–500 Hz, broadens with increasing engine conditions. When the power level spectra are plotted with Strouhal number, the spectral peak decreases with engine condition. Comparing this decrease with rocket data suggests that military jet noise radiation is becoming more rocket-like, especially at afterburner conditions.
Pseudo-entropy is a complex-valued generalization of entanglement entropy defined on non-Hermitian transition operators and induced by post-selection. We present a simulation-based protocol for detecting nonclassicality and coherent errors in quantum circuits using this pseudo-entropy measure <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mover accent="true"><mi>S</mi><mo>ˇ</mo></mover></semantics></math></inline-formula>, focusing on its imaginary part <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>ℑ</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>S</mi><mo>ˇ</mo></mover></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> as a diagnostic tool. Our method enables resource-efficient classification of phase-coherent errors, such as those from miscalibrated CNOT gates, even under realistic noise conditions. By quantifying the transition between classical-like and quantum-like behavior through threshold analysis, we provide theoretical benchmarks for error classification that can inform hardware calibration strategies. Numerical simulations demonstrate that 55% of the parameter space remains classified as classical-like (below classification thresholds) at hardware-calibrated sensitivity levels, with statistical significance confirmed through rigorous sensitivity analysis. Robustness to noise and comparison with standard entropy-based methods are demonstrated in a simulation. While hardware validation remains necessary, this work bridges theoretical concepts of nonclassicality with practical quantum error classification frameworks, providing a foundation for experimental quantum computing applications.
Abstract We try to find conditions, the fulfillment of which allows a universe born in a metastable false vacuum state to survive and not to collapse. The conditions found are in the form of inequalities linking the depending on time t instantaneous decay rate $${\varGamma }(t)$$ Γ ( t ) of the false vacuum state and the Hubble parameter H(t). Properties of the decay rate of a quantum metastable states are discussed and then the possible solutions of the conditions found are analyzed and discussed. Within the model considered it is shown that a universe born in the metastable vacuum state has a very high chance of surviving until very late times if the lifetime, $$\tau _{0}^{F}$$ τ 0 F , of the metastable false vacuum state is much shorter, than the duration of the inflation process. Our analysis shows that the instability of the electroweak vacuum does not have to result in the tragic fate of our Universe leading to its death.
Astrophysics, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity
We investigated a class of one-dimensional (1D) Hamiltonian <i>N</i>-particle lattices whose binary interactions are quadratic and/or quartic in the potential. We also included on-site potential terms, frequently considered in connection with localization phenomena, in this class. Applying a sinusoidal perturbation at one end of the lattice and an absorbing boundary on the other, we studied the phenomenon of supratransmission and its dependence on two ranges of interactions, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo><</mo><mi>α</mi><mo><</mo><mo>∞</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo><</mo><mi>β</mi><mo><</mo><mo>∞</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, as the effect of the on-site potential terms of the Hamiltonian varied. In previous works, we studied the critical amplitude <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Ω</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> at which supratransmission occurs, for one range parameter <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and showed that there was a sharp threshold above which energy was transmitted in the form of large-amplitude nonlinear modes, as long as the driving frequency <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Ω</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> lay in the forbidden band-gap of the system. In the absence of on-site potentials, it is known that <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Ω</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> increases monotonically the longer the range of interactions is (i.e., as <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>α</mi><mo>⟶</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). However, when on-site potential terms are taken into account, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Ω</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> reaches a maximum at a low value of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> that depends on <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Ω</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>, below which supratransmission thresholds <i>decrease</i> sharply to lower values. In this work, we studied this phenomenon further, as the contribution of the on-site potential terms varied, and we explored in detail their effect on the supratransmission thresholds.