Christopher Mulanda Aura, Hezron Awandu, Safina Musa
et al.
ABSTRACT Climate variability and environmental stressors increasingly undermine the productivity and stability of fisheries and aquaculture systems across regions. Although technologies, such as recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), integrated aquaculture–agriculture (IAA), Biofloc systems and solar powered hatcheries, have been promoted as climate smart solutions, limited evidence exists on their assessment approaches and comparative performance across the core dimensions of climate smart technologies (CSTs). This limits evidence‐based investment and policy formulation for sustainable blue economy growth. This study developed and applied an integrated framework for assessing CSTs, drawing from global models and regional policy instruments. A climate smart technology index (CSTI) was formulated, integrating four weighted performance pillars: productivity (30%), resilience/adaptation (35%), mitigation/environmental performance (20%) and socio economic inclusivity (15%). Further case studies for climate smart assessment using primary and secondary data and environmental parameters were analysed using multi criteria scoring and normalization to generate comparative indices for climate smart representative technologies. The results showed that RAS recorded the highest composite CSTI score (0.76), followed by Biofloc systems (0.73), IAA (0.71), solar powered hatcheries (0.72) and cage culture (0.67). Productivity indices ranged from 0.65 to 0.85; whereas resilience from 0.58 to 0.82, and mitigation and inclusivity from 0.61 to 0.83 and 0.42 to 0.76, respectively. The analysis revealed a clear productivity–inclusivity trade off, emphasizing the need for balanced climate smart approaches that combine efficiency, resilience and equity. The study concludes that the CSTI framework developed herein is a robust, adaptable tool for evaluating and guiding CSTs in Afrotropical systems as it bridges technical, environmental and social dimensions of sustainability. The CSTI approach could be integrated in national and regional monitoring systems, promoting hybrid and renewable powered technologies and strengthening capacity development and financing mechanisms to accelerate the transition toward resilient, inclusive and low carbon aquaculture.
The ability to accurately identify key growth stages is critical for proper rice management, Since management practices are directly tied to plant developmental processes, a sound understanding of rice growth is essential for effective cultivation. This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield performance of seven rice varieties (BT, CUDH1, NU986, ST25, TBR225, TX111, and VNR20) during different growth stages (Root establishment and Greening up,Tillering, Panicle initiation, Flowering, and Dough stage) in Thanh Hoa province, Vietnam. Results indicated that CUDH1 and TX111 exhibited superior performance, with greater plant height, higher leaf area index (LAI) throughout most growth stages, and enhanced dry matter accumulation. These characteristics reflect strong photosynthetic capacity and robust growth potential, ultimately leading to the highest recorded yields: CUDH1 (8.25 t ha-1) and TX111 (8.02 t ha-1). The NU986 (7.73 t ha-1) and BT (7.32 t ha-1) also achieved relatively good yields, though improvements in cultivation techniques are recommended to fully exploit their potential. Conversely, ST25 (6.97 t ha-¹), VNR20 (7.05 t ha-¹), and TBR225 (7.18 t ha-¹) exhibited lower plant height and dry matter accumulation, thus making them more suitable for high-quality rice production or areas prone to lodging. the conclusion, varietal selection tailored to specific production goals and local ecological conditions is a critical factor in improving the efficiency and sustainability of rice production systems.
Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) frequently encounters period of starvation during its life cycle, but the impact of starvation on its intestinal physiology remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of starvation on the antioxidant status, autophagy, microflora, and histological structure in the intestinal of P. sinensis. Turtles were subjected to starvation for 1, 4, 8, 16, and 32 days (referred to as S1, S4, S8, S16, and S32). The results of histological examination showed a progressive shortening of intestine villus and thickening of the muscle layer as starvation duration increased. The ROS and MDA contents showed a gradual increase with the prolonged starvation. The activities of SOD and GPx were significantly elevated after 16 and 32 days of starvation. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of autophagosomes starting from S4, with a significant increase observed after 8 days of starvation. The mRNA expression levels of autophagy-related genes (atg5, atg12, p53, p62, and lc3) were significantly upregulated with the prolonged starvation, while the expressions of mtor1 and s6k1 were significantly decreased in S32 group. Moreover, microbiota analysis via 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated a distinct separation between the S1 group and the starving groups. Starvation led to an increase in intestinal microbial diversity, as evidenced by an elevated Shannon index and a decreased Simpson index. At the phylum level, the abundance of Firmicutes decreased, whereas Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria increased with prolonged starvation. A Mantel test showed that the abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly positively correlated to ROS contents and the expression levels of p53. In conclusion, this study suggests that starvation induce the oxidative stress and autophagy, change the structure of microbiota and morphology in the gut of P. sinensis, and provides valuable insights to the adaptive mechanisms of this species.
Brian G. Bosworth, Dakoda O. Chisolm, Michael J. Patterson
et al.
Abstract Weight loss during feed deprivation is correlated with feed conversion efficiency (FCR) in several fish species, suggesting weight loss could be used to indirectly select for improved feed conversion. Trials were conducted to determine relationships among weight loss and FCR with Delta Select and Delta Control line channel catfish fingerlings. Weight loss was measured for 79 Delta Select line families and 20 Delta Control line families in replicate feed deprivation trials. Weight loss was higher for Delta Controls than Delta Selects. The 10 Delta Select families with the highest weight loss, 10 Delta Select families with the lowest weight loss, and 10 random Delta Control families were used in a feeding trial. Initial weight, final weight, percent weight gain, and percent feed consumption were similar among Delta Select groups but higher than the Delta Control's. Feed conversion and survival were similar for all groups. Fish from the feeding trial were used in a third feed deprivation trial. Family means for weight loss were positively correlated across three feed deprivation trials but not correlated with feed conversion indicating selection for weight‐loss would not improve feed conversion. The faster growth of Delta Select catfish is as a result of increased feed consumption.
Md. Shariar Kabir Zeehad, Md. Monirul Islam Mridul, Dipankar Chakrobortty
et al.
Abstract The major carp Rohu (Labeo rohita) is a prime freshwater aquaculture species across the Indian subcontinent that faces various production‐related issues associated with water quality parameters. The present study examined the effects of three different doses of NH3 (T1 = 1 mg/L, T2 = 2 mg/L and T3 = 3 mg/L) on cellular (gill ultrastructure), physiological (growth and oxygen consumption rate), biochemical (blood cell counts, blood cortisol and glucose levels) and genetic (expression of five genes involved in growth, immunity and metabolism) traits of Rohu. The experimental ammonia dose significantly affected the tested biological parameters (p < 0.05), causing moderate‐to‐severe gill tissue damage. In general, compared with those in the control group, 16%–25% slower growth, 12%–30% lower survival and 15%–56% higher O2 consumption were observed for the treatment groups. Blood glucose and cortisol levels increased with increasing ammonia levels, but blood cell counts decreased. The five selected candidate genes showed a differential expression pattern in response to the ammonia dose, with higher expression in the control group and lower expression in the treatment groups. The results indicate that different concentrations of ammonia impose stress on different orders of magnitude in the experimental fishes. Therefore, it can be inferred that the presence of ammonia in aquatic/farming environments can adversely affect production performance; the severity of damage during production depends on the concentration of ammonia. Therefore, maintaining no or minimum ammonia levels in farming environments is urgently needed for sustainable aquaculture production of Rohu.
In post-flexion larval and juvenile stages of hatchery-reared blackthroat seaperch Doederleinia berycoides (Hilgendorf, 1879), the influence of water temperature on growth and survival was examined to identify the optimal rearing temperatures. Temperature treatments were conducted separately for pelagic post-flexion larvae (32 days post hatching [dph]) and settled juveniles (69 dph). Fish were transferred to four replicate 30 L tanks (30 larvae or 15 juveniles per tank) and reared for 15 days under five temperatures (13, 16, 19, 22 and 25 °C) maintained by using heaters and coolers. The mean survival rates (± SD) of post-flexion larvae were high (>73 %) for all temperatures (13 °C: 73.3 ± 6.9 %, 16 °C: 76.7 ± 6.8 %, 19 °C: 80.8 ± 10.7 %, 22 °C: 79.2.7 ± 2.8 %, 25 °C: 71.7 ± 4.4 %). Growth increased at higher temperatures and was significantly faster at 22 and 25 °C (P < 0.05) than lower temperatures. For juveniles, mean survival rates were significantly higher at 16–25 °C (>90%: 16 °C: 91.7 ± 1.7 %, 19 °C: 95.0 ± 3.2 %, 22 °C: 91.7 ± 1.7 %, 25 °C: 91.7 ± 5.0 %) than at 13 °C (71.7 ± 7.9 %) (P < 0.05). Juvenile growth, like that of post-flexion larvae, was faster at 22 and 25 °C. These results suggest that maintaining a high rearing temperature (22–25 °C) is important for enhancing the growth for post-flexion larvae and juveniles of blackthroat seaperch and reducing the rearing period to the size of release seedlings.
Some parameters of the abundance dynamics for the pacific salmon of Russian origin are specified and volume of their possible catch are substantiated for the next decade. The average annual catch for 1907–2022 is amounted as 250 thousand tons. Cyclic variations were observed within this time with the intervals of 72 years between the minimal values and 75 years between the maximums. The high catches were landed during app. 35 years, and the low catches — during app. 40 years, so the periods of high and low abundance were approximately equal (35–40 years). The harvest runs occurred mostly in odd years; the dominant years (odd either even) changed usually when the abundance had increasing. The high level of abundance (> 250 . 103 t, not below of 200 . 103 t in the years of the worst run) is expected in the nearest decade, until the middle 2030s. After this period of high abundance, the stocks of domestic salmon will be insufficient for profitable commercial fishery on majority of existing fishing grounds.
G.A. Al-Najare, A.A. Hantoush, A.C. Al-Shammary
et al.
Concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, cupper, iron, manganese and nickel were determined in four organs (liver, gills, ovaries and muscles) of Acanthopagrus latus, which collected from Iraqi marine waters during the period between November 2010 and October 2011. Heavy metals have been determined by means of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The fish average weight was 61.2 g and the average length was 144 mm. Nickel showed the highest values in liver, gills and muscles during spring (201.19, 190.00 and 148.00 μg/gm dry weight), respectively. While cobalt showed the lower value (1.12 μg/gm dry weights) in the liver and cadmium showed its lower value (1.23 μg/gm dry weights) in the gills during winter. Muscles showed constant levels of heavy metals, it showed the lower values (not detected) during winter. Ovaries showed high levels for all heavy metals during spring, but its value still instable during the other seasons. This study showed that the concentration of heavy metals distributed in the organs was as follows: liver > gills > muscles > ovaries, while the heavy metals concentration had been distributed during the seasons as follow: winter > spring > autumn > summer.
Produktivitas tanaman padi di lahan rawa dapat ditingkatkan dengan penambahan kapur dolomit. Penambahan kapur dolomit dapat menurunkan kemasaman tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan produktivitas tanaman padi di lahan rawa dengan penambahan kapur dolomit. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September sampai dengan Desember 2021 di Kelompok Tani Sekap Bumi, Desa Padang Tambak, Kecamatan Pino – Bengkulu Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan paket budidaya padi di lahan rawa dengan perlakuan penggunaan kapur dolomit. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Data yang dikumpulkan yaitu produktivitas hasil panen padi pada masing-masing perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kapur dolomit dapat meningkatkan produktivitas padi di lahan rawa sekitar 10%. Oleh karena itu, petani disarankan memberikan kapur dolomit pada saat membudidayakan padi di lahan rawa.
Four lactic acid bacteria with a high capacity for acid production were screened from 113 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from aquaculture systems, and were identified as Lactococcus lactis (S1 and S2), Enterococcus faecali (F3 and F7) by 16S rDNA sequencing. These four candidates exhibited favorable probiotic properties, including no haemolytic activity, good auto-aggregation performance, tolerance to simulated gastric fluid, and antagonistic activity against pathogens. To determine the ideal probiotic feeding dose and duration that would maximize protection against pathogens, L. vannamei were fed a probiotic supplemented diet at a series of concentrations for up to 60 days, and then challenged with Vibrio harveyi every 15 days. In vivo studies demonstrated that supplementation with L. lactis (S1 and S2) and E. faecalis (F3 and F7) significantly improved growth performance and feed utilization in the probiotic-treated groups compared to the control group. The findings suggested that administration of F7 and S2 strains at 106 CFU g−1 for 30–45 d was more effective at suppressing V. harveyi infection than any of the other feeding regimens. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for the practical use of probiotics.
Vlaičević Barbara, Matoničkin Kepčija Renata, Gulin Vesna
et al.
We investigated the colonization process and community dynamics of periphytic ciliates in a floodplain lake. To elucidate the functional role of ciliates, we investigated variations in their functional traits during colonization. Our research revealed that ciliate colonization process differs significantly between spring and summer, mainly due to differences in water temperature and hydrological regime. The most pronounced influence of temperature-initiated differences was observed during the initial phase of colonization, during which faster colonization with different pioneer species, and more diverse and abundant ciliate community characterized the summer initial phase. Hydrological changes significantly affected periphytic communities during the intermediate and late phases, resulting in different patterns of the colonization process. Mitigation of suspended food particles during flooding periods led to a decrease in ciliate abundance and the dominance of mobile benthivore ciliates (raptorial and filter feeders), whilst during more stable periods of low water, sessile planktivores (filter feeders) that consume suspended particles, dominated. They are considered to be main representatives of periphytic ciliates in floodplain lakes, playing a significant role in the pelagic-benthic coupling. The results of the present study offer new insights into the ecology and functional role of periphytic ciliates in a floodplain ecosystems of temperate regions.
A recente pesca de arrasto de talude do Sudeste-Sul do Brasil é descrita neste trabalho a partir de 1.570 viagens realizadas por arrasteiros duplos e arrasteiros simples da frota nacional entre janeiro de 2001 e dezembro de 2003, todas monitoradas nos portos de Santa Catarina. A atividade produziu cerca de 32.000 t, das quais 80% foram desembarcadas por arrasteiros duplos e 20%, por arrasteiros simples. Essa pescaria estruturou-se em torno de três espécies-alvo: a abrótea-de-profundidade (Urophycis mystacea), a merluza (Merluccius hubbsi) e o peixe-sapo (Lophius gastrophysus). O calamar-argentino (Illex argentinus) teve destacada importí¢ncia durante o inverno, quando inúmeras viagens foram direcionadas í espécie. A frota de arrasteiros concentrou-se em dois estratos de profundidade, a saber, 100í 250 m (borda da plataforma) e 250í 500 m (talude superior). No estrato mais profundo, as três espécies de peixe predominaram, tornando-se alvo da maioria das viagens. No estrato mais raso, a pesca teve natureza multiespecífica. Arrasteiros duplos e simples atuaram principalmente ao norte e ao sul de 29°S, respectivamente, tendo os arrasteiros simples obtido capturas maiores e mais seletivas. Os níveis de produção, abundí¢ncia e esforço de pesca indicam que a atividade atingiu seu máximo em 2002, e vem, a partir daí, apresentando um franco declínio. Sugere-se que a pesca de arrasto de talude se desenvolveu nos moldes das "corridas-do-ouro†e que seu potencial de sustentação parece ser incompatível com a elevada capacidade instalada das frotas de arrasteiros da Região Sudeste-Sul do Brasil.
Visando atender í demanda por informações nutricionais do mexilhão como matéria-prima a ser utilizada na elaboração de produtos alimentícios, este trabalho analisou a composição centesimal de mexilhões Perna perna cultivados em três áreas distintas de Ubatuba, SP, e a sua variação sazonal (primavera, verão e outono). A determinação dos macro componentes (umidade, proteína bruta, carboidrato, lipídios e cinza) e valor calórico foi conduzida mensalmente durante o período de novembro de 2002 a março de 2003, quando a temperatura ambiental variou de 24 a 34°C. Concluiu-se que há variação dos constituintes químicos pesquisados nos mexilhões em função da sazonalidade, bem como do local de origem, sendo maior a influência sazonal, visto que os teores de proteína e carboidrato não apresentaram grandes variações entre os locais de cultivo dentro de um mesmo período. Os mexilhões cultivados em Ubatuba apresentaram, em média, 9,1% de proteína, baixo teor lipídico (1,1%) e calórico (62,8 kcal x 100 g-1). Desta forma, pode-se caracterizar o mexilhão como um alimento de elevada qualidade nutricional, atendendo í s necessidades dos consumidores que buscam dietas saudáveis e com baixo valor calórico.
در این تحقیق تاثیر آغشته سازی فیلم پلی اتیلن با اسانس آویشن دنایی (T. daenesis) و مرزه کوهی (S. bakhtiarica) برای کنترل اکسیداسیون چربی فیله قزل آلای رنگین کمان(O. mykiss) طی پانزده روز نگهداری در دمای یخچال بررسی شد. در فواصل سه روزه شاخص های حسی و کیفیت چربی بررسی شد و با نمونه شاهد (فیلم پلی اتیلن بدون پوشش اسانس) مقایسه گردید. استفاده از اسانس آویشن و مرزه در بسته بندی موجب محدودشدن فساد هیدرولیتیک گردید. مقادیر بیشتر مزدوج های دی ان در نمونهی شاهد، توسعه بیشتر فساد چربی در این تیمار را نشان داد در حالیکه افزایش محصولات اولیه اکسیداسیون چربی پس از آغشته سازی فیلم با اسانس آویشن و مرزه به ترتیب تا روز دوازدهم و پانزدهم مهار گردید. روند تولید محصولات ثانویه اکسیداسیون چربی پس از استفاده از اسانس در فیلم بسته بندی محدود شد اما اختلاف معنی داری ناشی از نوع اسانس مشاهده نگردید(p<0.05). استفاده از اسانس آویشن و مرزه موجب بهبود پذیرش کلی و طعم محصول شد. در طول دوره نگهداری ارزش شاخص های حسی تمامی نمونه ها کاهش یافت اما این تغییرات با نرخ بسیار بیشتری در نمونه شاهد پیش رفت.
The majority of morphological abnormalities reported for elasmobranchs are cases of bicephalia. This contribution describes the third confirmed case worldwide and the first This study provides the first record of Lutjanus xanthopinnis Iwatsuki, Tanaka et Allen, 2015 from the Andaman Islands. The new record is based on 2 specimens, 123 and 154 mm SL, captured inshore of Dignabad, Port Blair, Andaman Islands, India. The fish were examined, described, and illustrated. Morphometric and morphological data confirmed that the specimens examined from the Andamans are L. xanthopinnis, which varies distinctly from a closely-related species Lutjanus madras (Valenciennes, 1831).