Hasil untuk "Aesthetics"

Manoj Ghuhan Arivazhagan, V. Aggarwal, Aaditya Kumar Singh et al.

The emerging paradigm of federated learning strives to enable collaborative training of machine learning models on the network edge without centrally aggregating raw data and hence, improving data privacy. This sharply deviates from traditional machine learning and necessitates the design of algorithms robust to various sources of heterogeneity. Specifically, statistical heterogeneity of data across user devices can severely degrade the performance of standard federated averaging for traditional machine learning applications like personalization with deep learning. This paper pro-posesFedPer, a base + personalization layer approach for federated training of deep feedforward neural networks, which can combat the ill-effects of statistical heterogeneity. We demonstrate effectiveness ofFedPerfor non-identical data partitions ofCIFARdatasetsand on a personalized image aesthetics dataset from Flickr.

G. Bickerton, G. V. Paolini, J. Besnard et al.

M. Lewicka

B. Saelens, J. Sallis, Jennifer B Black et al.

H. Leder, B. Belke, A. Oeberst et al.

Robin Hunicke, M. Leblanc, Robert Zubek

C. Mathwick, N. Malhotra, Edward E. Rigdon

Hilma de Oliveira Santos Ferreira, Elton Cristovão da Silva Lima, Amilton José Vieira de Arruda

This paper investigates bio-inspired thermochromic properties with potential applications in sustainable construction, drawing on the biological systems of plant leaves and flowers. It explores concepts related to natural thermochromic responses and biological modulation processes based on chromatophores, structures, and pigmentation that influence the absorption of light and heat. The analysis integrates principles of biomimetics, architecture, and materials science, assessing the potential of bio-inspired strategies for optimising energy efficiency in buildings. By examining the natural thermal regulation mechanisms found in plants, the study identifies possibilities for adapting these systems to the built environment. The research highlights how biological principles can underpin sustainable architectural solutions, contributing to reduced energy consumption and environmental impact. This work underscores the importance of biomimetics as an innovative tool to integrate functionality, aesthetics, and sustainability, driving advancements in the construction sector and forging connections between intelligent design and natural processes.

Kate Simpson, Sarah Oakes, Aureja Stirbyte et al.

Through compositional inclusion or exclusion, the photograph can assert and communicate what belongs in a picture, in a landscape, in an ecosystem. It can illuminate what we deem conservation-worthy, or, on a larger scale, which extinctions are attention-worthy. Photographic practice helps to illuminate the active nature of extinction, and our choices as actors and witnesses within that process. Here, researchers from the University of Leeds’ Extinction Studies Doctoral Training Programme present individual reflections on interdisciplinary practice-led research in the Scottish Small Isles. We consider how photography, as a form of praxis, can generate new forms of knowledge surrounding extinction: its meanings, representations, and legacies, particularly through visual representation. We offer seven perspectives on contemporary image-making, from disciplines including philosophy, conservation biology, literature, sociology, geology, cultural anthropology, and palaeontology. Researchers gathered experiential, ethical, even biological meanings from considering what to include or exclude in images: from the micro to the macro, the visible to the invisible, the aesthetic to the ecological. We draw conclusions around meaning-making through the process of photography itself, and the tensions encountered through framing and decision-making in a time of mass ecological decline.

Mingucci, Giulia

This paper explores the role of perceptual reiteration in the formation of experience according to Aristotle’s psychology and epistemology. Beginning with an analysis of sense perception (aisthesis), it examines the retention of perceptual traces (phantasia) and their reiteration in experience (empeiria). This ultimately establishes the fundamental role of sense perception in grounding our epistemic and practical relationship to reality, revealing a novel perspective on how reiteration shapes the behaviour of both humans and non-humans.

Yapeng Duan, Mingxia Chen, Yue Liu et al.

Traditional villages face many difficulties in the era of globalization, especially in light of fast industrialization and urbanization. The breakdown of settlement patterns and the erosion of local characteristics and cultural identities pose critical issues for the sustainable development of these communities. While research on traditional villages and dwellings in core cultural areas is relatively advanced, there remains a significant gap in studies focusing on traditional villages and dwellings in multicultural intermingling regions. By clarifying the characteristics of traditional villages and the cultural landscapes of dwellings under the influence of multiple cultures, as well as their differentiation and underlying mechanisms, this research aims to provide theoretical support for the protective planning of world cultural heritage, which is increasingly characterized by clustering and regionalization. Taking the traditional villages and dwellings in the Jiangxi and Anhui junction area as a case study, we developed a cultural landscape factor system for traditional villages and dwellings across four dimensions: natural environment, spatial configuration, dwelling typology, and historical and cultural context. Using geographic information systems (GIS) zoning methods and statistical spatial analysis, we divided the area into three distinct cultural landscape zones. The findings indicate that the cultural landscapes within each zone exhibit unique regional characteristics at both the village and dwelling levels, particularly in site selection, settlement patterns, and architectural aesthetics. Differentiation across zones is shaped by natural factors, such as topography and water systems, as well as by regional culture, historical migration, the chronological sequence of regional development, commerce and trade growth, and the evolution of administrative systems, alongside broader cultural, economic, and social factors, showing consistent patterns. This study demonstrates that utilizing a scientific and objective zoning approach to accurately identify the cultural landscape characteristics and differentiation patterns across various cultural zones, while clarifying the historical evolution of villages and the transformation of dwelling forms, provides practical insights for cultural landscape zoning in other multicultural regions. Furthermore, it provides scientific guidance to advance China’s rural revitalization strategy and supports the regional protection and sustainable development of world cultural heritage.

Ilia Liondev, Ivet Dzhondrova, Rumen Radev et al.

Introduction: Tooth color is a key determinant of dental aesthetics and critically influences patient satisfaction. Traditional shade matching is subjective and inconsistent, while spectrophotometry offers standardized, reproducible, and objective measurements. Defining the natural color profiles of anterior teeth in young adults is essential for predictable and high-quality esthetic restorations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the color characteristics of the maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines in a population of young adults aged 18–21 using a spectrophotometer (Spectroshade; MHT Optic Research). Materials and Methods: Color measurements were conducted on 153 dental students aged 18–21 years using the SpectroShade Micro spectrophotometer. The teeth examined were maxillary central (11, 21), lateral incisors (12, 22) and canines (13, 23). VITA Classical shades were matched and subsequently converted to CIELAB values (L*, a*, b*). Statistical analysis included mean, SD, and one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results: The central incisors had the highest L* (lightness) values, indicating greater brightness. Canines presented significantly higher b* values, reflecting more pronounced yellowness. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed among the tooth groups. Conclusion: Color parameters of anterior teeth vary significantly between tooth types in young adults. These findings are valuable for aesthetic restorative procedures and provide a reference for shade selection in this age group.

Gi-Woong Hong, Jovian Wan, Wonseok Choi et al.

Temporal hollowing is a common aesthetic concern addressed with filler injections using an anatomy-based approach. Understanding the complex anatomy of the temporal region, including the superficial temporal artery, temporal branch of the facial nerve, and sentinel vein, is essential for safe and effective treatment. Injection planes—subfascial, within the superficial temporal fat pad, or submuscular—are selected based on individual anatomy and desired outcomes. Techniques like retrograde horizontal fanning with a cannula optimize filler distribution, enhance contour, and minimize complications. Recognizing zones of caution helps prevent vascular and nerve injuries. This approach allows clinicians to achieve natural, youthful fullness in the temples, improving overall facial aesthetics and patient satisfaction.

Xufang LI, Xiangpin ZHOU, Feifan WENG

ObjectiveExpanding the coverage of territorial spatial planning to the whole territory and all elements provides an opportunity for the protection and development of historical heritage. The evolution of the cultural landscape of urban historical parks, an urban cultural heritage and an important territorial space, is a medium for the transformation, continuation and reconstruction of the modern city. Under the value orientation of the heritage protection system, strengthening the spatial connection and temporal order among heritage resources can cope with the dilemma of spatial homogenization and fragmentation of the cultural landscape.MethodsThis research takes Xiamen Zhongshan Park (the “Park”) as an example for the interpretation and value assessment of the historical layering process. It constructs a cultural landscape heritage layering model of Xiamen Zhongshan Park by combining ancient literature and the spatial interpretation of ancient maps, and employing the historic urban landscape (HUL) method. By systematically analyzing the characters of the cultural landscape, the distribution patterns of the kernel density of cultural landscape, the layering pattern, and the dynamic superposition of cultural connotations in different periods, the research analyzes the dynamics of the layering evolution of the Park’s cultural landscape. Through expert scoring, the historical importance and cultural influence, artistic aesthetics, social leadership, development potential, and heritage survival status of the cultural landscape heritage of Xiamen Zhongshan Park are assessed, and the value attributes (mainly ontological and reuse values) of such cultural landscape heritage are interpreted by constructing an assessment system.ResultsThis research shows that the layering evolution of cultural landscape in Xiamen Zhongshan Park went through five periods. The initial construction in the germination period formed a preliminary cultural landscape layering space of memorial, natural and landscape scenery sources, as well as special gardens, with cultural scenery sources distributed in a concentrated pattern across the northern, central, and southern areas of the Park. During the destruction period, the development of Xiamen Zhongshan Park stagnated due to the strong force of political power. During the recovery period, the purpose of park construction was to restore the original appearance and maintain the original functions on the basis of adding public facilities of commemorative significance, in an attempt to enhance the Park’s landscape and educational nature. During the recession period, with only some natural and landscape scenery sources remaining, showing a layering state of accumulation in the north and disappearance in the south. During the revival period, the memorial scenery sources, scenic buildings, and special gardens showed a uniform distribution of layering. The spatial functions of cultural landscapes are diversified, forming a multi-integrated cultural landscape layering state.By combing the characters of cultural landscape and the kernel density of cultural landscape distribution in different periods of the Park, the cultural landscape information of multiple periods is superimposed to generate a layering slicing map and a cultural connotation evolution map of the map. According to the results of the layering interpretation, five layering modes of recession, augmentation, juxtaposition, coverage, and regeneration of Xiamen Zhongshan Park are refined, and multiple layering modes are superimposed on each other in the continuous and dynamic evolution of the Park from the modern era to the present day. By retracing the evolution of the Park’s cultural landscape, the driving factors affecting the layering evolution of the Park’s cultural landscape are extracted. The location environment determines the Park’s landscape architecture, forming the initial state of the cultural landscape layering, the public’s demand influences the creation of space in the Park with the change of the times and thus affects the layering evolution, and the urban construction and social politics play a strong role in the layering of cultural landscape through relevant historical, economic, and political elements. In addition, the historical importance, cultural influence, artistic aesthetics, social leadership, and development potential of the Park’s scenic spots are significantly higher than their heritage survival status, which is related to the transformation of the elements in the cultural landscape layering model of Xiamen Zhongshan Park. In view of this, it is necessary to link the natural and cultural heritage resources in the Park, establish a systematic framework for interpreting the value of heritage, and revitalize the styles and features of historical landscapes.ConclusionThis research examines Xiamen Zhongshan Park as a living cultural landscape heritage, and explores the processes, patterns, and mechanisms of cultural landscape heritage superposition across different periods from a dynamic evolutionary perspective. By taking a holistic view of the Park’s heritage value and evolution, this research aims to establish an assessment system for assessing the values and identifying its defining characteristics of the Park’s cultural landscape heritage. The findings seek to inform strategies for the scientific management, comprehensive protection, and sustainable development of urban historical parks. Xiamen Zhongshan Park is not only a historical cultural artifact but also a symbol of urban heritage and modern identity. Analyzing the mechanisms of cultural landscape characterization and value assessment from the perspective of temporal accumulation offers a comprehensive approach to preserving value continuity and supporting the organic renewal of this historic park, bridging territorial spatial planning with heritage preservation.

Lorenzo Sala

In this paper I argue for a strong continuity between the transcendental deduction of the principle of purposiveness of nature and the transcendental deduction of the ideas from the first critique. On these grounds, I provide an interpretation of the transcendental deduction of the principle of purposiveness of nature in which I argue that: 1) the necessity of the principle of purposiveness of nature does not derive from its role in solving some specific philosophical problem (e.g. that of induction) but from its relation to a cognitive goal; 2) the representation of nature as conforming to the maxims of judgement is a direct, immediate consequence of a certain cognitive goal (in particular, of what is researched in the empirical investigation of nature; 3) that the necessity of the empirical laws mentioned by Kant in the transcendental deduction of the principle of purposiveness of nature is not so much their nomic necessity, but their necessity as consequences of higher laws.

Cao Xinke, Lu Zheyuan, Hao Xianwu et al.

In order to study the suspender layout parameters and design parameters of the tied arch bridge with mesh suspenders under the action of vehicle load, the structure stress is more reasonable and meets the higher economy and aesthetics. Taking a 96m span reticulated tied arch bridge as the engineering background, the finite element model is established by using Midas/Civil 2019 program. The variation law of internal force and Suspender Force of the structure is calculated and analysed under the change of rise span ratio and suspender number parameters, and the relatively optimal value range of corresponding parameters is given. The results show that the rise span ratio should be 0.2-0.24; The number of Suspenders for one side arch rib should be 34-38; The relatively optimal range of the above parameters is discussed for reference.

D. X. Ng, Patrick K. F. Lin, Nigel V. Marsh et al.

The personality factor of openness to experience, which encompasses curiosity, imagination, and a desire for new experiences, has been associated negatively with prejudice and positively with the closely related value of tolerance. While these relationships have been reviewed at the factor level, there has been no review of research at the lower facet level. This review aims to uncover the relationships between the facets of openness and the constructs of prejudice and tolerance. We conducted a preregistered scoping review with meta-analysis following the recommended guidelines from Joanna Briggs Institute. A total of 2,349 articles were reviewed, with 16 primary research articles (or 17 studies) meeting the criteria for inclusion. Aggregated effect sizes via random-effect meta-analysis revealed that all revised neuroticism-extraversion-openness personality inventory (NEO-PI-R) and international personality item pool (IPIP)-based facets of openness significantly predicted prejudice and tolerance. Out of the three measures [i.e., NEO-PI-R, IPIP-NEO, and honesty-humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience personality inventory (HEXACO-PI), and the facets of openness examined], the NEO-PI-R facet of value was most strongly associated with prejudice. In contrast, the NEO-PI-R facet of aesthetics was the facet most strongly associated with tolerance. However, these results should be treated as preliminary in light of the small number of meta-analyzed studies and more primary research studies are needed to confirm the trends found in this review. This review represents the first step in the systematic investigation of the link between the facets of openness and components of prejudice and tolerance and contributes toward explaining prejudice and tolerance.

E. G. McGowan, J. P. Scarlett, J. P. Scarlett

<p>Volcanoes are a very common staple in mainstream video games. Particularly within the action–adventure genres, entire missions (e.g. <i>Monster Hunter: Generation Ultimate</i>, 2018) or even full storylines (e.g. <i>Spyro: The Reignited Trilogy</i>, 2018) can require players to traverse an active volcano. With modern advancements in video game capabilities and graphics, many of these volcanic regions contain a lot of detail. Most video games nowadays have gameplay times in excess of 50 h. <i>The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild</i> (2017), for example, brags a minimum of 60 h to complete. Therefore, players can spend a substantial amount of time immersed within the detailed graphics and unknowingly learn about volcanic traits while playing. If these details are factually accurate to what is observed in real-world volcanic systems, then video games can prove to be a powerful learning tool. However, inaccurate representations could instil a false understanding in thousands of players worldwide. Therefore, it is important to assess the accuracies of volcanology portrayed in mainstream video games and consider whether they can have an educational impact on the general public playing such games or whether these volcanic details are overlooked by players as they focus solely on the entertainment factor provided. We have therefore reviewed several popular commercial video games that contain volcanic aspects and evaluated how realistic said aspects are when compared to real-world examples. It was found that all the games reviewed had a combination of accurate and inaccurate volcanic features and each would vary from game to game. The visual aesthetics of these features are usually very realistic, including lava, ash fall and lahars. However, the inaccuracies or lack of representation of hazards that come with such features, such as ash-related breathing problems or severe burns from contact with molten lava, could have great negative impacts on a player's understanding of these deadly events. With further investigations assessing the direct impact on the general public, there is an opportunity to correctly assess how to incorporate the use of mainstream video games in educational systems and outreach.</p>

Yun You

Purpose: This article aims to provide an alternative understanding of learning experience in contrast to the dominant constructivist interpretation, and discuss its implication for pedagogy. Design/Approach/Methods: The aim is specifically achieved in the comparison between a review of how experience is understood in constructivism and its philosophical underpinnings and an exploration of how it can be understood alternatively inspired by Confucius’ educational thought and premised on his ontology. Drawing on this philosophical discussion, learning experience is reinterpreted. Findings: Beyond rationally translating experience into knowledge or gaining knowledge on the basis of experience, learning leads students to immediately and consistently experience dao in which tian and ren harmoniously unit. This experience renders aesthetics and religiousness in learning and moral transformation in life events. Originality/Value: By illustrating this ontological alternative of learning experience, this article is an attempt to fundamentally decolonize thinking about pedagogy.

Kim Cascone