Hasil untuk "Academies and learned societies"

Ricardo Angelo Monteiro Canale

Este artigo investiga o fenômeno da polionomia, conceito originalmente proveniente da terminologia linguística, aqui aplicado à Matemática para designar a existência de múltiplas nomenclaturas para um mesmo conceito, teorema ou método. Partindo da observação de que tais variações transcendem traduções linguísticas, o estudo analisa suas raízes históricas, sociais, culturais e epistemológicas. Por meio da análise de casos emblemáticos, como o método de Briot-Ruffini/Horner, as relações de Viète/Girard, o Teorema de Gauss/Ostrogradsky, a fórmula quadrática (Bhaskara/Sridharacharya) e a Curva de Agnesi, detalhados mais adiante, argumenta-se que a nomenclatura matemática não é um sistema de designação neutro, mas um construto social, cultural, pedagógico e histórico. A discussão fundamenta-se em referenciais da História e Filosofia das Ciências, destacando a Lei da Eponímia de Stephen Mack Stigler, as contribuições de Thomas Samuel Kuhn sobre o desenvolvimento científico, bem como análises historiográficas específicas da Matemática. São analisados fatores como disputas de prioridade, nacionalismos científicos, erros de tradução e a consolidação de tradições pedagógicas distintas. O artigo conclui que o reconhecimento e o debate crítico da polionomia no ensino, na aprendizagem e na pesquisa podem enriquecer a compreensão da Matemática como ciência viva, historicamente situada e permeada por contingências, superando a visão de um corpo de conhecimento monolítico e desvinculado de contextos históricos. Adicionalmente, apontam-se implicações pedagógicas desse fenômeno, que podem constituir tanto um obstáculo quanto uma oportunidade para o ensino da história da Matemática. O estudo adota uma abordagem qualitativa e historiográfica, com enfoque em casos emblemáticos. Baseia-se, ainda, na análise documental de fontes primárias e secundárias, incluindo tratados matemáticos, manuais didáticos e obras especializadas. Essa metodologia objetiva compreender os contextos históricos e culturais relativos à atribuição de nomes na Matemática.

Bernardo Soares Pereira

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a organização e o ensino de História da Ciência nos cursos de graduação do Instituto Federal de São Paulo (IFSP). A pesquisa baseia-se na análise documental das normativas institucionais relacionadas às disciplinas da área, no levantamento de dados sobre o quadro docente responsável por ministrá-las e na aplicação de um questionário para compreender a percepção dos professores sobre a área. Os resultados indicam que, embora metade dos cursos superiores da instituição contemplassem alguma disciplina relacionada à história da ciência, sua consolidação ainda enfrentava desafios, como a ausência de critérios padronizados para atribuição dos professores e a baixa valorização percebida por parte dos docentes e alunos.

Cholifah Cholifah, Dewi Rubiyati, Isna Rohmawati et al.

Islamic boarding schools face serious challenges in the digital era. The characteristic of Islamic boarding schools which uphold traditional values ​​is that they have to deal with modern technological developments. Mahasantri Lack of access to technology because they think it interferes with their focus on learning. The aim of this research is to describe Mahasantri's adaptation in the use of technology, the obstacles faced, and the benefits obtained in the learning process with technology at the Kauman Lasem Islamic Boarding School. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques were obtained from interviews with Kauman Lasem Islamic Boarding School caregivers, teachers and 4 Mahasantri, observations were made by observing and recording existing Mahasantri learning activities as well as policies on the use of technological tools permitted in Islamic boarding schools, documentation was obtained from official Islamic Boarding School documents. The research results show that the use of learning technology requires adaptation to the time for memorizing the Koran, the policy regarding limited use of technology has an impact on student Mahasantri who then have the initiative in carrying out assignments by not relying solely on laptop and gadget technology. The impact of this research is that Mahasantri have good time management skills. Adapting the use of technology in Islamic boarding schools as a learning support tool for Mahasantri, not replacing traditional values ​​and Islamic teachings. Mahasantri have better digital skills to face challenges in the world of work in the digital era. Keywords: Learning Technology, Mahasantri, Pesantren

Setiowiji Handoyo, Poppy Indah Dwi Prastiti, Iwan Ridwan Stiaji

Background: Institutional transformation – integrating many disparate research insti-tutes into the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN, for Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional) – was the most significant reform in the history of institutional gov-ernance in Indonesia. This integration policy aims to enable the state to strengthen the national research and innovation ecosystem and improve the performance of research institutions, one indicator of which is their output of publications reporting the results of research. Objectives: To compare the published output of research institutes before and after the integration of research institutions into BRIN. Methods: Relevant data retrieved through Scopus on 24 December 2023 and span-ning the period between 2015 and 2023 were analysed using Microsoft Excel, and col-laboration networks of authors and of countries were constructed using VOSviewer and examined for co-authors in different countries collaborating with first authors in Indonesia. Results: The number of publications increased annually over the period 2015–2023. However, the annual rate of growth after (2021–2023) the integration of research institutions was higher (36%) than that before (2015–2021) the integration (30%). Conference papers (51%) dominated the pre-integration era, whereas articles (57%) dominated the post-integration era, and the number of reputable journals in which the research was published was greater after the integration. Conclusions: The period after the integration of research institutions saw enhanced research output in terms of the number of research publications, annual rate of growth in that number, and the number of reputable journals in which the publica-tions appeared.

Juwita Sari, Titik Mildawati, Yahya Yahya et al.

The government's program "Belanja di Warung Tetangga" is one of the efforts to increase sales transactions at traditional grocery stores (Toko kelontong). On the other hand, with restrictions on the public's movement space due to an appeal from the government to suppress the spread of COVID-19, people's spending behavior has begun to change. If you usually shop at the supermarket, stay at home and shop at the store near your house. This shows the fact that traditional grocery store buyers have indeed declined, but sales of household goods have continued. Sales of basic commodities are still operating. Traditional Grocery stores cannot control people's purchasing power because indeed the global economic conditions are not good, but their business does not immediately close. Therefore, while surviving in the midst of a pandemic, it is possible that traditional grocery stores can streamline their operations. This STIESIA’s teams activity with traditional grocery store business partners outlines solutions to traditional grocery store problems, through financial management using the "buku warung" application. The Stiesia's teams, acts as a facilitator as well as a companion from the the traditional grocery store with the developer of the Buku Warung. The fundamental contribution of this activity is the improvement of traditional grocery stores in managing their financial effectiveness. Increasing the understanding of traditional grocery store regarding digital financial records and opening up the insight of owners on current technological developments. The hope is, during this pandemic, traditional grocery stores can survive and be able to perform financial efficiency.

Jocalyn Clark, Reshma Jagsi

To meet the needs of their wide-ranging audiences, journals and editors must publish science that reflects the diversity of the communities they serve. And yet we collectively neglect the importance of optimizing the diversity of peer reviewers. This viewpoint explores the vital economy and identity of peer reviewers, and how these can help improve diversity in peer review. Economy, because this form of labour props up a publishing system, doling out the main form of currency within academia, and identity, because what peer reviewers contribute extends beyond their disciplinary expertise to their sense of self and what they represent: the backgrounds, values, and views they bring to the work of reviewing scientific papers.

Shelly Kusumarini R, Salas Salma Sholekhah, Fane Vandania et al.

Cases of intestinal worms or often referred to as neglected tropical diseases are a global problem that occurs in society. Groups of school-age children are more susceptible to being infected by parasitic worms transmitted through the soil (Soil-Transmitted Helminth). The dangers of STH infection in children are impaired nutrient absorption, malnutrition, weight loss, and cognitive decline. The problem at SDN Karangkembang is that student activities are closely related to the risk factors of STH transmission, namely, playing sand without footwear, not washing hands, hawker vendors around the school who are less hygienic. Also, there are no adequate handwashing facilities in schools. Based on these problems, the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UB initiated a community service program namely worm socialization and prevention efforts through the application of personal hygiene. The results obtained during this community service activity are that 83% of students have carried out the practice of cleanliness very well, then 9% of students have carried out well, 4% of students carry out adequately and 4% of students are still lacking. This community service activity can coordinate all students, teachers, and parents to commit to always apply personal hygiene to improve the quality of life both at school and at home.

T. Mow, N. K. Andersen, N. Dragsted et al.

In nonclinical toxicology the highest dose or exposure without test article-related adverse effects, known as the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL), is a variable that may be determined. In safety pharmacology the vast majority of the endpoints measured are quantitative numeric functional endpoints such as changes in heart rate, blood pressure or respiratory frequency, endpoints that are usually not assessed using a defined framework of adversity. Therefore, we asked the question: is there a role for the NOAEL in safety pharmacology? To help answer this question, we conducted a survey via the Safety Pharmacology Society. We found that within safety pharmacology there is no formal definition of adversity and no guidance on defining NOAEL. We also found, perhaps unsurprisingly, there is no agreed rubric for using a NOAEL in safety pharmacology and we learned that the NOAEL is not a requirement in order to progress a new investigational drug through the regulatory process. Thus, a summary label such as NOAEL lacks nuance and disregards context in relation to the nature and the severity of the safety pharmacology findings. Consequently, defining 'adversity' and determining a NOAEL in safety pharmacology studies are not recommended since the range of functional endpoints investigated do not conform to a binary 'toxic/non-toxic' rubric. Focusing on describing test article-related effects on safety pharmacology endpoints, using reasoned arguments as part of an integrated risk assessment, will ensure that the clinical pharmacologists and regulatory bodies see a clear description of relevant findings at each dose or exposure level.

Schlafbezogener Laryngospasmus, H. Peter

Renato Reis Leme, Giorgio Venturi

At the end of the 19th century, genericity took an important step toward mathematical analysis, due to the developments promoted by the Italian school of algebraic geometry. However, its origins can be traced back to ancient mathematics in the work of prominent philosophers and mathematicians, such as Plato and Euclid. In this article, we will try to show how a key notion in the structuralist turn of algebraic geometry evolved from a vague linguistic phenomenon and became a precise and fruitful mathematical concept.

Asmoro Priandhita Sukowidyanti, Ferina Nurlaily, Edlyn Khurotul Aini

The education and socialization of taxation provided early on is a government investment that benefits can be felt in the future. Based on this background, we developed a 3-dimensional tax education game that is used to provide additional knowledge and understanding to elementary school-level children on the importance of taxes so that they can ultimately raise awareness to pay taxes in the future. The method used is to hold discussions with partners, develop 3D educational games applications, carry out training on tax education games, and evaluate the results of training implementation. The training activities were carried out in 3 (three) Elementary Schools namely SD Negeri Experiment 1 Malang SD Negeri Rampal 1 Celaket Malang, and SD Negeri Model Malang. The results of the training showed that tax education games are effective in increasing tax knowledge and awareness. This can be seen from the increase in the quality of understanding related to taxation based on the Pre Test of 79.05% and increased after Post Test to be 86, 62%.

Marta Shaw

Europejskie uniwersytety znalazły się pod presją reform, których celem jest uczynienie z nich instrumentów rozwoju społecznego i gospodarczego przy jednoczesnym zniesieniu statusu uczelni wyższych jako instytucji buforowanych społecznie. Celem artykułu jest zbadanie hipotezy, że napięcia i niekonsekwencje w dotychczasowych reformach szkolnictwa wyższego w Polsce mają swoje źródła w podstawowym konflikcie między instytucjonalną a instrumentalną wizją uczelni wyższej. Wyniki badań wskazują na przecinanie się „zracjonalizowanych mitów”, które zamykają sektor szkolnictwa wyższego w „gorsecie” odbieranym przez interesariuszy bardziej jako powrót do komunistycznej przeszłości niż droga ku lepszej przyszłości. Wyniki te, rozpatrywane z punktu widzenia teorii systemów drugiej fali, podważają założenie, iż historyczna instytucja uniwersytetu może zostać przekształcona w instrument służący realizacji priorytetów państwa dzięki zrównoważonej polityce nagród i kar.

C. Chazelle, Sara Lipton

The Medieval Academy of America held its ninety-third annual meeting in Philadelphia on 7–9 March 2019. Bryn Mawr College, Delaware Valley Medieval Association, Haverford College, Saint Joseph’s University, University of Pennsylvania, and Villanova University were the hosts for the meeting. Meeting of the Corporation. The annual meeting of the Corporation was held on Friday, 8 March. President David Wallace presided. The minutes of the ninety-second annual meeting were approved. Reports were delivered by the Executive Director, the Editor of Speculum, the Treasurer, the CARA Chair, the Delegate to the American Council of Learned Societies, and the Chair of the Graduate Student Committee. The Van Courtland Elliott Prizes were awarded to Alice Isabella Sullivan, University of Michigan, for her article “Visions of Byzantium: The Siege of Constantinople in SixteenthCentury Moldavia,” published in Art Bulletin 99 (2017): 31–68; and Adam Woodhouse, University of Chicago, for his article “‘WhoOwns theMoney?’Currency, Property, and Popular Sovereignty in Nicole Oresme’s De moneta,” published in Speculum 92/1 (2017): 85– 116. The John Nicholas Brown Prize was awarded to Anna Zayaruznaya, Yale University, for her book The Monstrous New Art: Divided Forms in the Late Medieval Motet, published by Cambridge University Press in 2015. The Haskins Medal was awarded to Philip L. Reynolds, Emory University, for his book How Marriage Became One of the Sacraments: The Sacramental Theology of Marriage from Its Medieval Origins to the Council of Trent, published by Cambridge University Press in 2016. The Digital Humanities andMultimedia Studies Prize was awarded to JohnWyatt Greenlee, Cornell University, for his project The Mapping Mandeville Project. The Karen Gould Prize in Art History was awarded to Ivan Drpic,́ University of Pennsylvania, for his book Epigram, Art, and Devotion in Later Byzantium, published by Cambridge University Press in 2016. The Robert L. Kindrick–CARA Award for Outstanding Service to Medieval Studies was awarded to Carol Symes of the University of Illinois. The CARA Awards for Excellence in Teaching Medieval Studies were awarded to Sonja Drimmer of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Elizabeth Sears of the University of Michigan. The Inclusivity and Diversity Travel Grant was awarded to Karen Pinto, Boise State University. The Philadelphia Program Committee awarded travel subventions for meritorious papers to the following graduate students: Paula R. Curtis, University ofMichigan; Adrian Gaastra, Utrecht University; Shireen Hamza, Harvard University; James B. Harr III, North Carolina State University; and Joris Roosen, Utrecht University. Emma Snowden, University of Minnesota, was awarded the prize for Best Graduate Student Paper. The 2019 slate chosen bymail ballot was presented to the assembledmembers. All present, without dissent, voted to accept the slate and elect the following: President (2019–20): Ruth Mazo Karras, University of Minnesota; First Vice-President (2019–20): Renate BlumenfeldKosinski, University of Pittsburgh; Second Vice-President (2019–20): Thomas Dale, University of Wisconsin; Councillors (2019–22): Lynda Coon, University of Arkansas; Hussein Fancy, University of Michigan; Fiona Griffiths, Stanford University; and Anne Latowsky,

Martijn Kitzen

G. Deuschl

Tomasz Warczok, Tomasz Zarycki

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi jeden z głosów w dyskusji nad półperyferyjnym charakterem systemów produkcji naukowej, dla której pretekstem była publikacja książki Gra peryferyjna Tomasza Warczoka i Tomasza Zaryckiego. Autorzy odpowiadają w nim na dwa głosy polemiczne w dyskusji, skupiając się na zagrożeniach materialistycznej korekty teorii Pierre’a Bourdieu i hegemonicznej pozycji inteligencji jako czynnika kształtującego polskie pole nauk społecznych.

Ewerton Luiz Figueiredo Moura da Silva

Pretende-se aqui expor uma breve reflexão sobre o exercício da medicina tropical no Brasil e em Portugal privilegiando as chamadas tripanossomíases humanas, patologias causadas pela ação de tripanosomas no organismo humano como a doença de chagas – tida simultaneamente como um emblema da ciência brasileira, mas símbolo de um país doente e negligenciado – e a doença do sono – que assumiu grande importância para Portugal em decorrência de suas possessões africanas e da necessidade de afirmação do pais como potência colonial diante da concorrência europeia por territórios na África .

Marta Natalia Wróblewska

Ewaluacja wpływu badań naukowych na środowiska pozanaukowe stała się w ostatnich latach przedmiotem dużego zainteresowania rządów, instytucji zajmujących się dystrybucją funduszy oraz badaczy akademickiej ewaluacji. Na świecie opracowano kilka modeli takiej oceny, różniących się celami i metodologią. Najbardziej kompleksową inicjatywą jest brytyjski system Impact Agenda, wprowadzony w 2014 r. jako element cyklicznego systemu oceny Research Excellence Framework (REF). „Wpływ społeczny” (impact) jest w jego ramach oceniany za pomocą jakościowej metodologii opartej na studiach przypadku (case studies), zaś wynik ewaluacji stanowi 20% końcowej oceny jednostki naukowej. Artykuł przedstawia kontekst wprowadzenia oceny „wpływu społecznego” w Wielkiej Brytanii oraz opisuje metodologię REF, kładąc szczególny nacisk na ewaluację elementu „impact”. Następnie na podstawie literatury oraz badań własnych autorki omawia pozytywne efekty oraz ograniczenia Impact Agenda. Ostatnia część tekstu zawiera sugestie co do „lekcji wyniesionych z REF 2014”, które mogą stanowić punkt odniesienia dla podobnych inicjatyw w Polsce. Tekst zamyka teza, że szerokie rozumienie „wpływu społecznego” nauki jako wpływu nie tylko na gospodarkę, lecz także jako dialogu ze społeczeństwem obywatelskim, mediami, sferą kultury i edukacji, może stanowić wyjście poza dychotomię: nauka utylitarna vs. nauka bezużytyczna.

Ricard Guerrero i Moreno, A. Mas-Colell

Somdatta Mandal