Muhammad Iskandar Iskandar, Panca Mudjirahardjo, Bambang Siswojo
The output power quality of conventional inverters often contains high levels of harmonic distortion, which can negatively affect the performance of connected electrical equipment. Therefore, a switching method capable of producing a near-ideal sinusoidal waveform with low total harmonic distortion (THD) is needed. This study presents the design and implementation of a single-phase inverter employing the Unipolar Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique to generate an output voltage waveform that closely resembles an ideal sine wave. Electrical energy produced by renewable energy requires a control system and an inverter. This inverter can convert direct current (DC) from renewable energy sources into alternating current (AC) with a wave quality that is close to a pure sinusoidal wave. The sinusoidal waves produced by this inverter are very important for maintaining optimal performance of sensitive electronic devices and reducing harmonic distortion which can damage electrical equipment. In this research, the design and manufacture of a single-phase H-Bridge inverter was carried out using the Unipolar Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (USPWM) method. This method was chosen
because it is capable of producing waveforms that are close to pure sinusoidal with lower Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) compared to conventional switching methods. This design includes a simulation stage using Matlab R2024b to analyze
the waveform and inverter performance before hardware implementation. The test results show that the inverter is able
to work well with a THD of 1.14%, an output power of 1,370Watt with a frequency of 50 Hz. These results show that
the Unipolar SPWM method is very effective for controlling single-phase inverters for low to medium power applications.
G. Ya. Osmanova, V. A. Aleksandrov, A. V. Aleksandrov
et al.
Low-energy fractures in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are more common in patients with high activity and long duration of disease, and with high titers of anti-citrullinated antibodies (ACPA). Increased expression of angiopoietin-like protein type 4 (ANGPTL4) in bone tissue has also been noted in inflammatory arthritis. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effect of ACPA and ANGPTL4 on systemic bone mineral density in RA patients. Antibodies to ACPA and ANGPTL4 content were detected in blood serum of 96 RA patients (women, 91.7%) by enzyme immunoassay. Mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae (BMDL1-L4), hip neck, and entire femur (BMDtotal) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In study group, the ACPA and ANGPTL4 tests were positive in 61.5% and 41.7% of patients, respectively. Negative correlations were shown between ACPA and BMDtotal, and of ANGPTL4 with BMDL1-L4 (p < 0.05). Separation of the patients into groups with low (n = 34) and high (n = 62) DAS28 activity demonstrated a significant increase in ACPA with increasing RA activity (p = 0.042). ACPA and ANGPTL4 scores were also significantly higher in the group of 45 RA patients with osteoporosis (OP) compared to the RA group without OP (n = 51) showing significant difference at p = 0.002 and p = 0.028, respectively. Patients’ age, body mass index (BMI), duration and activity of the disease had no significant effect on ACPA in the general group of RA patients. However, the correlation between ACPA and DAS28 proved to be significant in the group of RA patients with OP (b = 0.31, p = 0.039). Among all presented variables, the disease duration was the only significant factor for ANGPTL4 in the total group of RA patients (b = 0.31, p = 0.039). In the regression model, BMDtotal showed similar correlations with patients’ age (b = -0.28), BMI (b = 0.25), and ACPA level (b = -0.26). A search for association between BMDL1-L4 and various RA characteristics demonstrated a strong correlation with ANGPTL4 only (b = -0.74; R2 = 0.57). The revealed correlation between ANGPTL4 and decreased BMD specifically in the spongy layer of bone allows us to identify the RA patients with high ANGPTL4 levels as a risk group specifically for spinal fractures thus considering ANGPTL4 as a potential target for treatment of osteoporotic disorders.
<i>Linguatula serrata</i>, commonly known as the dogs’ ‘tongue-worm’, is an arthropod endoparasite of the class Pentastomida infesting chiefly canids as definitive hosts and herbivores as intermediate hosts. Adult <i>L. serrata</i> usually reside in the upper respiratory tract, such as the nasal cavity and sinuses, and the larval stages are encapsulated in various visceral organs, respectively. This report presents the first case of a <i>L. serrata</i> nymphal pulmonary infestation in a cat from Albania and adds to the description of the overall rare cases of this parasitic infestation in domestic cats. Discussion of this case together with a comprehensive review of the literature allows us to conclude that cats are susceptible to the infestation with <i>L. serrata</i> when ingesting the parasite’s eggs and allow for the development of the nymphal stage of the parasite in several visceral organs. Therefore, cats may serve as accidental intermediate hosts in the life cycle of <i>L. serrata</i> but are unlikely to be of epidemiological relevance. There is no evidence that domestic cats can act as definitive hosts of <i>L. serrata</i>.
The establishment of the European Studies Association of Australia (CESAA) owes much of its emergence and vitality to changes in the new geo-political framework and especially to the end of the Cold War in Europe. With the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, followed by the end of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Maastricht Treaty deliberations in 1993 responded to these political changes. What captured the imagination of the world, including in Australia, with the Maastricht Treaty was the proposal for a single currency (the Euro) not to mention the embracement of a new name – The European Union (EU). These changes provided the twelve members of the European Community of the time a new global actor in the making. Australia, across the board began to engage with this entity and universities, scholars and others began to seek out the nature of the European Union. In this context came the association for European Studies which saw it had a voice for these European developments.
Benoit Wastine, Christine Hummelgård, Maksym Bryzgalov
et al.
We report on a novel, cost-effective non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) multi-gas sensor aimed at environmental air pollution monitoring. The rugged design of the K96 sensor core combines highest compactness and low-power consumption with our unique multi-channel cell design, featuring the detection of up to three different gases simultaneously, including CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and H<sub>2</sub>O. Our sensing platform allows the selection of the target gases as well as the concentration ranges, thus providing highly customizable gas sensor systems targeting application-specific gas monitoring settings. The sensor core comes with an implemented calibration model, and can address in real time any cross-sensitivity between the NDIR gas-sensing channels. We provide an immensely versatile sensing system while ensuring high sensing stability combined with high precision (<0.1 ppm for both CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O, <0.5 ppm for CH<sub>4</sub>). The K96 multi-gas sensor core offers a resilient sensor solution for the increasing demand of compact monitoring systems in the field of environmental monitoring at reasonable costs for medium-to-high volumes.
It is proposed to put the concept of local economic development (LED) at the basis of the approach to solving the problem of ensuring resilience development of the territory. However, the insufficient theoretical basis of the concept limits its practical application. To determine the data characterizing the process, it is proposed to use the four domains of "Circles of Sustainability" interaction assessment methodology. The data obtained made it possible to prepare a forecast for the possible potential of the region's territorial resilient.
Self-employed entrepreneurs (without personnel) manage their business and household finances at the same time. Both domains tend to interact with each other. In this study, it is studied whether and how self-employed entrepreneurs manage their finances. More specifically, the role of mental budgeting and time orientation in healthy financial behavior is studied. Mental budgeting is a way to manage expenses. It entails setting budgets, making reservations on budgets, compensating after too much spending on a budget, and non-fungibility (treating money as earmarked and categorized). It can be expected that self-employed entrepreneurs using mental budgeting strategies behave in a more healthy financial manner. Survey data were collected among self-employed people without personnel in The Netherlands. The survey contained, among others, questions about the company, time orientation, financial management, tax attitude, reported tax compliance, and concern or worry about the future. Questions were factor analyzed using principal component analyses. The resulting scales were used for further analyses. Regression analyses were performed to predict concern or worry about finances, financially restricting to and exceeding budgets, and reporting tax compliance. In this paper, two components of time orientation are distinguished: awareness of consequences and carelessness about the future. From these components, four orientation types of self-employed people were obtained. The orientation type focusing on long-term consequences shows more healthy financial behavior, whereas the orientation type focusing on the present and less on consequences shows less healthy financial behavior. Responsible and healthy financial behavior of self-employed entrepreneurs is related to focusing on long-term consequences, using mental budgeting, and keeping one’s budgets. Aspects of mental budgeting are predicting worry about business finances. Differential effects of mental budgeting were found on restricting one’s budgets, and exceeding budgets, respectively. Of two measures of future circumstances (work disability, pension), only pension measures were predicting worrying about finances. Mental budgeting was not related to tax compliance, except for fungibility. Past tax behavior is predictive of other (past) tax behaviors. Fiscal history measures prove to be correlated with present measures.
L'œuvre poétique, théâtrale et critique de Marie Joseph Chénier a été, au fil des XIXè et XXè siècles, largement occultée par l'œuvre poétique de son frère André, le poète guillotiné. Sous le Directoire, le Consulat et l''Empire, Marie Joseph Chénier s'est constamment montré le gardien vigilant du legs intellectuel des Lumières et de la Révolution ainsi que de l'esthétique classique mise à mal par des écrivains novateurs (Chateaubriand notamment) que Marie Joseph Chénier ne cesse de brocarder. Contrairement à une idée reçue qui attribue l'intérêt pour les littératures étrangères -et notamment aux littératures germaniques et nordiques- aux précurseurs du romantisme, Marie Joseph Chénier critique a montré un grand intérêt aux traductions et aux traducteurs de son temps. Il a de plus été lui-même traducteur : de textes latins tout d'abord mais aussi de poèmes allemands et anglais contemporains et modernes. A propos des textes anglais, Marie Joseph Chénier s'affirme volontiers continuateur de Voltaire. En outre Marie Joseph Chénier valorise globalement l'activité même de la traduction dont il souligne la part qui est la sienne dans le progrès des sciences, des arts et des lettres. Il suggère de plus que dans des temps marqués par un retour en force de la censure, l'activité de traduction revêt une dimension créatrice et préservatrice de liberté. Le traducteur peut dès lors être présenté comme un médiateur de transferts culturels dont l'importance est vitale pour la société. Marie Joseph Chénier est de plus constamment intervenu pour une reconnaissance officielle du métier de traducteur. Dans son Tableau historique de l'état et des progrès de la littérature française depuis 1789, Marie Joseph Chénier introduit clairement la traduction dans le canon littéraire qu'il élabore. Non sans limites il est vrai : il reste en effet hostile aux traductions susceptibles de mettre en cause les principes classiques de son esthétique.
We present an improved line search method of the carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimate technique for OFDM systems aided with pilots. Unlike the conventional approaches, prior knowledge of channel order is unnecessary for the presented scheme, because we apply an interpolation technique for obtaining the extended channel frequency response. The search mechanism of the proposed approach is primarily based on the criterion that CFO can be found by discovering the frequency that achieves the minimum value of the well-defined channel residual energy. In addition, we substitute the line search method with an iterative approach to reduce the proposed estimator’s complexity. Analytical and simulation results have been conducted to verify the efficacy of the proposed schemes in this paper.
THE 1789 STATUTE OF THE WARSAW BRASS-MAKERS GUILD
The history of brass-making in Warsaw in the Enlightenment period only recently became the topic of an academic study which analyses the rapid development of this craft in the city stimulated by immigrants from other parts of Poland as well as from Prussia and Austria, the assortment of products ranging from everyday utensils to unique artistic items and finally the establishment of brass-makers’ guild, which was supposed to fight ‘botchers’ and guarantee high quality as well as protect the guild-members’ monopoly to sell products of this craft. The rights of the guild were codified in a statute issued in 1789, which is the subject of the present article. The 1789 statute, which is now owned by the Warsaw Guild of Goldsmiths, Clockmakers, Opticians, Engravers and Bronze-makers, is stored in the Museum of Crafts in Warsaw. The book, which enjoyed high respect as the document that legitimized the guild of brass-makers and was stored in the guild treasure-box, hajs survived in a good condition. It is bound in dark-green leather with gilded decorations and a cartouche with the arms of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Each of the six rectangular sheets of parchment features a painted and gilded border around the text written in brown ink. Most impressive is the first page, bearing elaborate ornaments and heraldic symbols. One of the most beautiful details is the initial of the Latin formula confirming the privileges and duties recorded in the statute: the S of the word significamus is interwoven in the image of the White Eagle wearing a golden crown. The fully clas-sicist style of ornaments differentiates the statute of brass-makers from the statute of Warsaw goldsmiths, which, although written down only fours years earlier, was decorated in the out-moded rococo style. The heraldic symbols highlighted the importance of the document, placing it in the political and topographic context of the Commonwealth and its capital, Old Warsaw. The coats of arms included in the statute were those of King Stanislaus Augustus and of the Chancellor of the Crown Jacek Małachowski, who both corroborated the document with their signatures and stamps, in accordance with the rules of the royal privilege. As is indicated in the first sentence, the statute was first approved by the city chancery on the 3rd of January 1789 and then signed by the King on the 4th of April. Apart from the opening and ending formulas, which are in Latin, the statute has been written down in Polish. Its articles have been divided into two groups: thirty nine articles regard the masters of the brass-making craft while the further twenty four the journeymen. The statute was to regulate not only the vital issues of brass production, learning the craft and the way of professional advancement, but also various aspects of the everyday life of the masters, journey-men and apprentices. It attempted to provide ready solutions for all the possible problems but many things were not stated overtly, for instance the fact that the masters tried to make the journeymen completely dependent. One of the major aims of the statute was to give legal basis to monopoly. Therefore, one of the most important articles was the one that listed products, raw materials and methods reserved for the brass-making craft, thus specifying, at least theo-retically, the limits of legal trade that did not infringe the rights of other guilds. Hence, following the mediaeval tradition, the document was intended to protect the mas-ters from the competition of both outsiders, i.e. members of other corporations, and insiders, i.e. journeymen taking the formalized path of professional advancement and aspiring to result-ant independence and profits. In this respect the statute of Warsaw brass-makers did not differ from other guilds’ statutes, especially that it had been modelled after analogous privileges from Prague and Dresden. An analysis of its lexis suggests that in fact those models may have been privileges of girdle-makers (Gürtler) rather than brass-makers (Gelbgiesser) although those two crafts had always been quite close. Significantly, the models were taken neither from Cracow, although Warsaw craft guilds had long been dependent on Cracow corporations, nor from Toruń, with whose craftsmen Warsaw guilds had had very close contacts for two centuries. This can be explained by the foreign provenance of the founders of the brass-makers’ guild. The publication of the full text of the statute in accordance with contemporary standards of editing historical sources should facilitate research on the work of Warsaw brass-makers, who were an important professional group active on many fields
Archaeology, History (General) and history of Europe
Este artículo aborda el ascenso y el declive del Partido Comunista argentino en el movimiento obrero durante el período de entreguerras. Comienza con un balance historiográfico en torno al tema. Luego, examina cuándo, cómo y por qué el PC echó raíces de manera orgánica en la clase obrera hasta 1943- 1945, explorando, en particular, las condiciones y circunstancias que hicieron posible tanto el proceso de inserción comunista entre los trabajadores como el posterior fenómeno de pérdida de esta influencia, ocurrido con el advenimiento del peronismo al poder. Asimismo, se analiza el aporte del PC al surgimiento de un sindicalismo industrial y de masas, que luego fue extendido y potenciado por el peronismo. Por último, se evalúa el impacto de las diversas estrategias impulsadas por el partido: desde la de “clase contra clase” a la del “frente popular”.
1789-, Labor in politics. Political activity of the working class
In the present study an attempt has been made to visualize the histopathological changes that are caused to the intestine of avian host Columba livia, Gmellin, 1789 due to infestation of cestode parasite Cotugnia aurangabadensis (Shinde,1969) and Paruterina sp. Histopathological studies have been made to asses the extent of damage caused by the parasites. It includes destruction and extrusion of intestinal villi, inflammatory fibrosis due to cysts. The scolex of Cotugnia aurangabadensis is non-penetrative type while Paruterina sp. is penetrative type. It was found that the extent of damage is proportional to the penetration of scolex. Cysts were found encircled with connective tissue sheath deep in the submucosa.