Hasil untuk "The family. Marriage. Woman"

Marco Faytong-Haro, Marco Faytong-Haro, Marco Faytong-Haro et al.

Women are underrepresented globally in the field of data analytics, particularly in underdeveloped countries. We present a protocol to assess the impact of the New Dimensions program, a data analytics and business intelligence course sequence that aims to address this gender gap by providing free business intelligence training to disadvantaged women in Ecuador. The program offers both technical (Business Intelligence) and soft skills training, including Excel, Power BI, SQL, GitHub, R, Tableau, statistics, Python, and workshops on empowerment, employability, and public speech. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study is to assess the impact of this training program on employability and other well-being outcomes of the participants. A total of 80 individuals will be part in the study, of which 70 will be selected to participate in the program, 50 will receive both hard and soft skills training, and 20 only soft skills training. Ten individuals will form part of the control group with no intervention. The study design involves a nonrandomized control group composed of rejected applicants. Data will be collected through an online application form and a computer-based exam. The outcome measures are participants' labor market outcomes, income, food security, and economic stratification, among others. This protocol will prospectively evaluate the program's potential effectiveness; findings will inform future, larger randomized studies focused on employability and well-being in underrepresented groups.

Denise Furness, Nguyen Khanh Trang Huynh, Ligaya Kaufmann et al.

IntroductionIn many parts of Asia Pacific (APAC), insufficient intake of micronutrients that are important for conception and pregnancy remains a prevalent issue among women of reproductive age. It is crucial to gain insights into women's nutritional awareness and nutrition-related behaviors, as well as how these relate to their health literacy (HL). This understanding can help identify gaps and guide the development of appropriate intervention strategies. However, there appears to be limited relevant data available for the APAC region. We therefore examined nutritional awareness and behaviors among preconception and pregnant women in three APAC countries, and explored how these were related to women's HL.MethodsCross-sectional online surveys were conducted among preconception (i.e., planning to conceive within the next 12 months or currently trying to conceive) and pregnant women in Australia (N = 624), China (N = 600), and Vietnam (N = 300). The survey questionnaire included a validated tool for HL (Newest Vital Sign) and questions to examine awareness and behaviors relating to healthy eating and prenatal supplementation during preconception and pregnancy.ResultsDespite recommendations for a quality diet complemented by appropriate supplementation during preconception and pregnancy, many respondents in each country were not aware of the specific impact of adequate nutrition during these stages. While many respondents reported changes in their diet to eat more healthily during preconception and pregnancy, a substantial proportion were not taking prenatal supplements. Higher HL was related to greater nutritional awareness and higher use of prenatal supplements.DiscussionOur findings suggest that there are gaps in nutritional awareness and practices of many preconception or pregnant women in the three countries. Interventions to improve HL would be valuable to complement conventional knowledge-centric nutrition education, and enhance understanding and empower women to adopt appropriate nutritional practices throughout their preconception/pregnancy journey.

Antônio Rodrigues Neto, Emily Marcelly Neves

No artigo investigamos o reconhecimento legal da identidade transgênero a partir do Mutirão da Defensoria Pública criado na cidade de Ituiutaba (MG), localizada no Triângulo Mineiro, a partir de dados coletados e experiências acumuladas com a realização de três edições (2020-2023). A cidade foi precursora na viabilização de retificações civis sem custos para hipossuficientes em Minas Gerais. Os Mutirões representam a estratégia mobilizada para promoção de direitos trans, inicialmente com o propósito de contornar limitações tributárias estaduais que vedavam a concessão de gratuidade de ofício, o que somente vem a ser superado em dezembro de 2023, quando o legislativo reconhece o direito à gratuidade nos procedimentos de retificação para pessoas hipossuficientes. Com base em dados do Mutirão Trans de 2022, propomos reflexões sobre o perfil socioeconômico do público atendido e apresentamos a estratégia de planejamento e execução da edição de 2023, especialmente em relação aos pontos de aperfeiçoamento percebidos e novos desafios para ampliação dos alcances do Mutirão com a estadualização da iniciativa para todas as Defensorias mineiras (articulação institucional) e oferecimento de serviços para além da retificação dos documentos pessoais (alargamento da tutela dos direitos trans).

V. Boddu, H. Narasimhan

Newlywed couples in Telangana perform various rituals to get blessed with children, which usually take place soon after marriage. In the absence of immediate conception, the couple is advised by the extended family to perform specific rituals to appease fertility gods. This article attempts to document fertility rituals in the Telangana region and the crucial ways in which they help men diagnosed with infertility. It will discuss in detail a commonly performed ritual called Balamma. In addition, the article highlights rituals performed to propitiate snakes, the significance of horoscopes, and consultations with local “healer-astrologer-medicine man/woman”. The article suggests that the efficacy of these rituals should not be seen in whether they result in procreation. Rather, the main objective of the rituals is to placate the extended patrilineal family and shift attention and blame from the couple to angry supernatural beings. The article establishes the crucial role played by these rituals in safeguarding men diagnosed with infertility, as they are more reluctant than women to discuss their diagnosis.

Tania Dehesh, N. Malekmohammadi, Paria Dehesh

Background The first-birth interval directly influences family size and maternal and child mortality. The objective of this study is to investigate factors associated with the time of the first-birth after the first marriage among women in Iran. Methods In this cross-sectional study, the first birth history of 1350 women aged 15–49 years was collected in Kerman (southern Iran) in 2018. To assess the predictor variables of the first-birth interval and calculate the adjusted hazard ratios, multivariate Cox regression was used. The P-value < 0.05 was considered as significant. The statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS version 22. Results The average of the first-birth interval was 2.5 ∓ 0.8 years. Woman’s age at marriage (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.32–2.48), husband’s age at marriage (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.62–2.03), age at the first menstruation (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.24–2.53), being rural residents (HR 2.041, 95% CI 1.26–2.95), and having engagement period (HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.52–3.05) were associated with short first-birth interval, and woman’s BMI (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.54–2.77), woman’s university educational level (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.35–2.57), husband’ s university educational level (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.32–2.51), contraception use (HR 2.28, 95% CI 1.12–2.86) and income sufficiency (HR 2.25, 95% CI 1.12–2.96) were associated with long first-birth interval. Conclusions Being a rural resident is the most influential predictor of short first-birth interval and income sufficiency is the most influential predictor of long first-birth interval. Total Fertility Rate, which is the average number of live births that would be born to a woman over her reproductive life if she experiences the current age-specific fertility rates throughout her lifetime. The fertility pattern can be measured by several indicators such as the first-birth interval (FBI) after marriage. FBI is defined as the duration of time spent by married couples to have their first child since the first day of marriage. Some studies have demonstrated that the length of FBI subsequently influences spacing and childbearing pattern of a family. The aim of this study is first to determine the mean of FBI and second to explore the associated factors of FBI in Kerman, southern Iran. We analyzed data for 1350 women 15–49 years old. The outcome variable was the first-birth interval (FBI). Results showed that the average of FBI was 2.5 years. There is a positive association between FBI and age of wives at marriage, first menace age, wives’ BMI, wives and husbands’ educational level, contraception use, age of husbands at marriage, residence place, income sufficiency, and having engagement period. The women and men who got married at older ages were more likely to report short FBI. It was indicated that Educated women and men and women who experience menstruation at a younger age are more likely to report longer FBI. The knowledge about importance of FBI should be more announced for couples by health services in order to help them manage their child-spacing and fertility. The government also should pay attention on FBI as an important index in determining the average age of country population.

Fredrik Nilsen, Trine Antonsen

I den økofeministiske klassikeren The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology and the Scientific Revolution (1980) fremhever Carolyn Merchant måten Anne Conway (1631–1679) kritiserer det dominerende mekanistiske natursynet ved å hevde at alt i naturen er fylt med liv. For i Conways verk Principles of the most Ancient and Modern Philosophy (1690) finner vi et natursyn hvor «den anorganiske naturen», slik som jord, stein og fjell, har liv og derfor må behandles på en god måte. Vi søker å vise at Conways posisjon faller mellom Aristotelesʼ og Spinozas, da hun på den ene siden er enig med Spinoza i at hele naturen har liv, mens hun på den andre siden opererer, i likhet med Aristoteles, med et hierarki i skaperverket mellom mennesker, dyr, planter og stein. Conway har slik vært betydningsfull for fremveksten av en miljøetikk som skiller seg fra både pliktetikken og utilitarismen, samtidig som den representerer et alternativ til det dominerende dualistiske natursynet. Likevel er det spenningsfylt hvordan økofeminismen skal forholde seg til Conways hierarkiske tenkning, da miljøfilosofien generelt, og økofeminismen i særdeleshet, har vært opptatt av å bryte med antroposentriske forutsetninger.

Mónica Lizarte Fernández

Este artículo estudia el lirismo en las novelas de Belén Gopegui desde La escala de los mapas (1993) hasta Quédate este día y esta noche conmigo (2017) como el principal rasgo estilístico reconocido por la crítica. A pesar de la valoración positiva de su obra narrativa, faltan estudios académicos centrados en los aspectos formales de sus novelas. En el presente estudio, parto de las definiciones propuestas desde la Teoría de los géneros para establecer las estrategias narrativas que fomentan la subjetividad y la intensidad propias de la enunciación lírica. La subjetividad en las novelas se investiga a través de los géneros narrativos que exploran lo confidencial y lo íntimo, como la epístola y el diario, frecuentes en la narrativa de la autora. El estudio del ritmo se centra en los recursos retóricos basados en la repetición y la dimensión simbólica de la prosa se ocupa de las figuras literarias basadas en analogías. El estudio de las metáforas revela un uso particular de conceptos científicos que constituye un rasgo estilístico singular de la prosa de Gopegui. Por otra parte, el gusto por el aforismo evidencia el interés por lo didáctico y lo lírico. El registro de estos tres elementos básicos –géneros, figuras literarias y aforismos– se relaciona con temas recurrentes en su obra narrativa. Finalmente, se propone que el lirismo forma parte de la poética narrativa de la autora, ya que está al servicio de la intención didáctica y ética que distingue su obra y que suele identificarse con la novela social, ideológica o comprometida.

Emmanuelle Maunaye, Elsa Ramos

Research context: This article takes on the point of view that places the focus on the individual, despite belonging within a family group, and explores the concept of home as a space that contributes to the formation of an “individualized individual,” but that also takes into account the possible limits of this function of home.Objectives: This overview aims to define the concept of home to uncover all of its dimensions. Whether the spatial, temporal and relational dimensions of the home can be distinguished for the purposes of analysis, on the one hand, the article centres on how these dimensions interrelate intimately among the experiences of individuals to help form their personal identity, autonomy, self-empowerment and relationship to location or place (Simard and Savoie, 2009). On the other hand, these dimensions help to build groups and family relationships.Methodology: This article is based on a literature review and on the contributions to this issue to present the concept of home and the theoretical perspective gleaned.Results: In familial, marital and intergenerational cohabitation, the construct of home is played out in interactions with other family members, who have their own constructs and concepts of home. These constructs and concepts produce differentiated and sometimes asymmetrical relationships, as well as three different experiences of home. The first refers to personal spaces, my “home”; the second, to the rules and laws that govern a cohabitation and the space in which home is located. In this case, it is defined by a statutory and hierarchical aspect, and the individual has a place assigned by their status. This is designated as “our home.” The third is epitomized by belonging and by a place within a group or community where the individual is considered equal. This is belonging to our home. If the first “home” is the main factor in the process of individualization, so are the other two: one explains the boundaries of “home,” and the other, the individual's belonging within the group, notably the family. Conclusions: The question of home entails two aspects: the relationship with home of the sole inhabitant and the relationship with home of the inhabitant together with others. In this second aspect, a tension develops between the sense of autonomy and that of belonging to a group. Being a member of the group, interpreted as being in our home, has two dimensions: being assigned within our home and belonging to our home. In this sense, our home acts as a constraint on the concept of home, and the family seems to be a paradoxical validation of the individual. Thus, the family has a double function: to make it possible to be oneself (preferring personal spaces and validating individual dimensions of identity) and to acknowledge that each member belongs to the group and has a place in it. The limits to individualizing home become apparent when there is an imbalance among these three aspects of “home”: having personal space, being assigned within our home, and belonging to our home.Contribution: Home constitutes a valuable perspective in this construct, which links the past, present and future: having been, being and becoming. The iterative movement between home and identity is central to the formation of the individual and the family group.

Elif KÜÇÜK DURUR

Janace J. Gifford, Jenna R. Pluchino, Rebecca Della Valle et al.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the association between various risk factors with postpartum depression severity using a large dataset that included variables such as previous mental health status, social factors, societal factors, health care access, and other state-wide or region-specific variables.Methods: We obtained the most recently available (2016–2017) dataset from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), which is a dataset compiled by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) that collects state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy from over 73,000 women in 39 states. We utilized a hierarchical linear model to analyze the data across various levels, with a symptom severity scale (0–8) as the dependent variable.Results: Of the 21 variables included in the final model, nine variables were statistically significant predictors of symptom severity. Statistically significant predictors of increased postpartum depression symptom severity included previous depression diagnosis and depression symptoms during pregnancy, baby not residing with mother, unintentional pregnancy, women with less than a high school degree and more than a college degree, Women Infants Children (WIC) enrollment, and married women. In contrast to these other factors, attendance at a postpartum follow up appointment was associated with significantly increased symptom severity. Age revealed an inverted curve in predicting postpartum symptom severity.Conclusions: There was no significant difference in symptom severity scores across the 39 participating states. Most notably, postpartum depression symptom severity was associated with previous depression diagnosis and previous symptom severity, but our results also reveal novel social and education factors that contribute to the support and well-being of the mother and child.

Tahera Aftab

This paper presents the unique story of Pakistan’s pioneering journal of Women’s Studies «Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies: Alam-e-Niswan» («PJWS»), and provides testimony to the dedication, commitment and resolution of a small group of scholars of Women’s Studies at the University of Karachi, who stood together to promote and generate feminist scholarship. «PJWS» first appeared in 1994 and since then it has attempted to act as a bridge between academics and activists, to produce interdisciplinary scholarship and to dialogue with similar journals worldwide. Despite several challenges that thwarted its life, the story of the twenty-five years of «PJWS» is a story of success.

V. Hudson, Hilary Matfess

A. Farmer, Jill Tiefenthaler

Mpho M. Pheko, Kaelo Molefhe

While Botswana has long invested in education, high unemployment rates among the youth, females and university graduates remain a critical challenge for the country. Despite this challenge, research on the issue is scant and solutions to assist the affected groups to enhance their employability remain scarce and inaccessible. This paper employs a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive approach to investigate Botswana university students’ knowledge of employability skills and attributes. It further assesses whether there are differences between the skills and attributes that students perceive as important versus the ones that have been reported as important by the global labour market. The paper also proposes a framework for ensuring the development of employability skills and attributes by different players in the labour market. The proposed framework recognizes employability as a joint responsibility shared by training institutions, employers, incumbent employees and potential employees. Implications for future research are also discussed.

Juan Bautista Branz

Pensar, analizar y reconstruir los modos de la denominada masculinidad dominante, en Argentina, requiere de un ejercicio estrictamente reflexivo. Sobre todo cuando el investigador es –o cree ser- varón. Se comparten núcleos identificatorios, imágenes, símbolos y representaciones que determinan la mirada sobre los sujetos de análisis. ¿Dónde radica, entonces, la posibilidad de producir nuevas teorías sobre masculinidad dominante y, por qué no, sobre las categorizadas masculinidades divergentes? En el proceso de reflexividad y extrañamiento inherente a una rigurosa investigación. En las siguientes líneas presentaremos, transversalmente, una breve genealogía político/académica sobre los estudios sobre masculinidades, teniendo en cuenta que “ver” a hombres, siendo “hombres”, obstruye, muchas veces, la capacidad de desarmar problemas y proponer algunas respuestas, por ejemplo, a diferentes tipos de violencias o a la histórica disposición de sociedades jerarquizadas y jerarquizantes que supimos construir y establecer como naturales. Cómo indagar sobre la propia identidad de género, sufriendo –y a la vez gozando- los privilegios que se desprenden de la performatividad de una masculinidad dominante. Si abonamos a la hipótesis de la dominación masculina, pondremos el ojo sobre el interés (o el desinterés) de estudiar hombres y contextos masculinos

Patricio Simonetto

Resumen El siguiente artículo reconstruye los nexos entre la vida urbana y los modos de socialización homosexuales en la ciudad de Buenos Aires entre las décadas del 50’y el 80’. Con el análisis de fuentes escritas, entrevistas, obras literarias y la elaboración del mapa, se propone interrogarse sobre las características de esta subcultura. Entre los objetivos se destaca: la relación de la subcultura homosexual con otros grupos sociales como trabajadores o marginales, los modos de circulación y apropiación del espacio, las tácticas de resistencia a la violencia publica y las redes afectivas que pusieron en marcha. Procesos que son contextualizados en los cambios estructurales que vivió la ciudad a los largo del siglo XX. La intención que impera en este texto es la de construir una narrativa endógena a la dinámica del grupo social para escapar a las descripciones que han catalogado este mundo como “secreto” o “invisible”. Así también la de intentar disuadir la concepción de la identidad homosexual como apropiación de discursos producidos en otros campos como el médico o el estatal.

B. Ehrenreich

S. Hayford

Robyn Maynard

Abstract Indigenous populations, sex workers, and migrants have been legally, socially, and economically disenfranchised by the Canadian state in a multitude of ways—often in the name of “anti-trafficking.” In effect, state-led anti-trafficking enforcement measures fail to address the root causes of the harms created by past and present colonization, anti-sex work laws, and racist immigration measures and programs. This paper argues that anti-trafficking legislation and policies have been immeasurably harmful towards those they claim to protect.   Résumé Les populations autochtones, les travailleuses du sexe et les migrants ont été privés de leurs droits juridiques, sociaux et économiques par l’État canadien de multiples façons—souvent au nom de la « lutte contre la traite des personnes ». En effet, les mesures d’application de la lutte contre la traite ne parviennent pas à traiter les causes profondes des préjudices créés par la colonisation passée et présente, les lois à l’encontre des travailleuses du sexe et les mesures et programmes d’immigration racistes. Cet article soutient que les lois et les politiques de lutte contre la traite des personnes ont été extrêmement préjudiciables envers ceux et celles qu’elles prétendaient protéger.