Hasil untuk "Standardization. Simplification. Waste"

Lianyang Zhang

Devin Perkins, Marie-Noel Bruné Drisse, Tapiwa Nxele et al.

BACKGROUND Waste from end-of-life electrical and electronic equipment, known as e-waste, is a rapidly growing global problem. E-waste contains valuable materials that have an economic value when recycled. Unfortunately, the majority of e-waste is recycled in the unregulated informal sector and results in significant risk for toxic exposures to the recyclers, who are frequently women and children. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to document the extent of the problems associated with inappropriate e-waste recycling practices. METHODS This was a narrative review that highlighted where e-waste is generated, where it is recycled, the range of adverse environmental exposures, the range of adverse health consequences, and the policy frameworks that are intended to protect vulnerable populations from inappropriate e-waste recycling practices. FINDINGS The amount of e-waste being generated is increasing rapidly and is compounded by both illegal exportation and inappropriate donation of electronic equipment, especially computers, from developed to developing countries. As little as 25% of e-waste is recycled in formal recycling centers with adequate worker protection. The health consequences of both direct exposures during recycling and indirect exposures through environmental contamination are potentially severe but poorly studied. Policy frameworks aimed at protecting vulnerable populations exist but are not effectively applied. CONCLUSIONS E-waste recycling is necessary but it should be conducted in a safe and standardized manor. The acceptable risk thresholds for hazardous, secondary e-waste substances should not be different for developing and developed countries. However, the acceptable thresholds should be different for children and adults given the physical differences and pronounced vulnerabilities of children. Improving occupational conditions for all e-waste workers and striving for the eradication of child labor is non-negotiable.

Ajinkya Nene, S. Sadeghzade, S. Viaroli et al.

Maishat Lubaba, Sanjida Hassan, Munera Sultana et al.

Green Manufacturing (GM) is a pivotal strategy for fostering sustainability in the food and beverage industry, particularly in emerging economies. It addresses critical environmental issues, including high carbon emissions, excessive waste, and water pollution, while improving resource efficiency and aligning industrial practices with global environmental standards. Despite its potential benefits, the implementation of GM in the food and beverage sector faces significant, often underexplored, challenges, particularly in resource-constrained emerging economies. These obstacles hinder effective decision-making and the adoption of sustainable practices. This study aims to explore the challenges associated with GM implementation in the food and beverage industry within the context of an emerging economy like Bangladesh. Through a comprehensive literature review and expert consultations, seventeen key challenges were identified. These challenges were evaluated using the Bayesian Best-Worst Method (BWM), which is a probabilistic group decision-making approach. The findings reveal that the top three challenges are: “Difficulty to incorporate eco-friendly design concepts” (weight: 0.0740), “Absence of efficient recycling facilities” (weight: 0.0658), and “High initial investment cost and lack of financial support” (weight: 0.0657). The study provides a strategic framework for policymakers and industry leaders to address these barriers effectively. It also outlines actionable guidelines and strategies to facilitate the transition toward sustainable practices, ensuring environmental, economic, and social sustainability while enhancing industrial competitiveness and performance.

Mohamed Abourida, Abdel-Hamed Sakr, Noor M. Khamis et al.

Biogas production within wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) provides renewable energy recovery but also introduces complex process-safety challenges arising from the interplay of human, organisational, and technical factors. This study systematically evaluates how these dimensions interact to influence process-safety outcomes in UK wastewater-based biogas facilities, addressing a gap where prior safety research has largely prioritised the examination of technical and operational failures in the petrochemical and chemical sectors. A mixed-methods design was adopted, integrating a PRISMA-guided literature review, a structured national survey of industry professionals (n = 90), and analysis of historical incident reports (n = 63). Triangulated quantitative and qualitative data were examined using correlation and regression analyses to identify interdependencies among risk drivers. Findings reveal that gas-leak risk shows the strongest correlation with general site risks (r = 0.857, p < 0.001), followed by human and organisational factors (HOFs) (r = 0.768, p < 0.001) and process factors (r = 0.733, p < 0.001). The regression model (R2 = 0.754) confirms that site-level governance (e.g., maintenance discipline, leadership visibility, and resource sufficiency) exerts the greatest influence on incident probability. These findings demonstrate that technical safeguards alone are insufficient without robust organisational and behavioural integration within Process Safety Management Systems (PSMS). The study demonstrates that HOFs directly shape safety outcomes in WWTPs, presenting a novel empirical contribution to literature, emphasising predictive maintenance, competence-based training, proactive reporting, and AI-enabled monitoring within PSMS as enablers of safer and more sustainable biogas recovery in wastewater operations.

Sergio López-Olvera, Juan Carlos Olivo-Escudero, Mauricio Hernández-Marroquín et al.

Solid waste management (SWM) is a fundamental responsibility of local governments, essential for public health and environmental sustainability. Globally, fiscal practices, such as tax regulation and tariff structures, are critical for ensuring effective SWM services and achieving sustainable development goals. In Mexico, municipalities face financial constraints and heavily depend on subsidies rather than robust fiscal frameworks to fund SWM operations. This study analyzed the impact of municipal tax regulation and sustainable taxation practices—specifically differentiated and progressive tariffs—on the income generation capacity of 240 Mexican municipalities. Data from municipal financial reports was extracted from official government websites and analyzed using statistical methods in R, including variance analysis and t-tests. The results demonstrate that municipalities with higher levels of tax regulation achieve significantly greater per capita income from SWM services compared to those with minimal or no regulation. Differentiated tariffs based on socioeconomic status were found to be particularly effective, generating income levels 3.29 times higher than uniform tariffs. In contrast, progressive tariffs based on waste quantity did not significantly enhance revenue generation. These findings challenge assumptions about the universal applicability of progressive tariffs and underscore the importance of tailoring fiscal strategies to local economic and social contexts. This study highlights the need for robust tax regulation and strategic fiscal policies to strengthen municipal revenue streams and improve SWM service delivery. It provides valuable information about the impact of tax regulation quality and sustainable fiscal practices on municipal income generation, offering insights for policymakers aiming to achieve fiscal sustainability and equitable access to SWM services.

Jairon Gomes da Silveira Júnior, Rafael Dors Sakata, Lucas Onghero et al.

This study investigates the use of Al-anodizing waste (AAW), a byproduct of the anodizing process for aluminum and its alloys, in cement composites designed for 3D printing applications. For cementitious materials to be suitable for 3D printing, they must maintain adequate stability to support overlapping layers while also exhibiting sufficient flowability and open time for effective pumping. The incorporation of AAW aims to improve the rheological properties of these mixtures, enhancing both their open time and buildability. To evaluate the potential of AAW in 3D printing cement composites, a comprehensive approach was adopted. This included rheological analysis, flow table testing, investigations into buildability, and assessments of mechanical performance. Additional techniques, such as isothermal calorimetry and in situ X-ray diffraction, were employed to examine the effect of AAW on the hydration kinetics of cement pastes. The findings highlighted several advantages of incorporating AAW into cement-based formulations, such as improved buildability, quick adjustments in rheological properties, prolonged open times, enhanced mechanical performance, cost-effectiveness, and increased sustainability by transforming a commonly discarded material into a valuable resource for civil construction.

Fermín Humberto Arévalo-Ortiz, Juan Carlos Palma, Jacqueline Jannet Dioses-Morales et al.

The postharvest stage of table grapes generates waste that can be valorized. This research evaluated the valorization potential of Red Globe grape waste for the production of spirits and assessed the antioxidant capacity of their by-products (head, body, and tail of the distillate, and vinasse). The waste underwent alcoholic fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, followed by fractional distillation in a copper alembic still to separate the head, body (main spirit), and tail fractions, along with the resulting vinasse. The volatile compounds, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant capacity, and phenolic compounds were analyzed by UPLC-MS. The body fraction (distillate), containing 42 % (v/v) ethanol, could be classified as a spirit beverage. However, it exhibited higher levels of acetaldehyde, propanol, and acetic acid, suggesting the need for maturation. The head and tail fractions were suitable for rectification and use as industrial alcohol. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that antioxidant components were mainly concentrated in the vinasse, which exhibited notable antioxidant capacity values of 5.75 μmol TE/mL as Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 3.596 μmol TE/mL as DPPH, along with high TPC and TFC levels. Fourteen phenolic compounds were also identified, including kaempferol glycoside, epicatechin, and caftaric acid. This positions vinasse as a valuable source for the extraction of bioactive antioxidant compounds or as a potential functional beverage. Overall, the valorization of postharvest waste is a viable approach for producing spirit beverages while also highlighting the potential of by-products, particularly vinasse, as rich sources of antioxidants.

Monmon Akter, Masum Billah, Saria Afrin et al.

Soil aggregates are important for aeration, microbial activity, root growth, and infiltration. Soil aggregation can vary depending on microbial activity, soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil management practices. However, the underlying drivers and mechanism of aggregation under different land-uses in southwest Bangladesh remain largely unknown. The objective of current study was to explore the underlying mechanism of aggregation in the soils of southwestern Bangladesh. In current study, soil samples were collected from three widely practiced rice-based land-uses (fallow–rice–fallow, fallow–rice–watermelon, and shrimp–rice–fallow) across the Khulna district of southwest Bangladesh. Results exhibited that the aggregate stability indicated by mean weight diameter (MWD) in fallow-rice-fallow and fallow-rice-watermelon were significantly greater than shrimp-rice-fallow land-use (P < 0.05). Microbial activity in fallow-rice-fallow land-use was 3 times higher than shrimp-rice-fallow land-use (P < 0.05). SOC was also higher in the fallow-rice-fallow and fallow-rice-watermelon land-uses than shrimp-rice-fallow land-use. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results indicated aggregated morphological features and greater polysaccharides intensity in fallow–rice–fallow and fallow–rice–watermelon land-uses, respectively. A positive relationship was found between microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and MWD (r = 0.56; P < 0.01), and between SOC and MWD (r = 0.38; P < 0.05), indicating the dominant role of soil microbes in aggregation and the enhancement of SOC. Principal component analysis results also support the dominant role of MBC and SOC in aggregation and identified two distinct land-uses based on the soil properties. The study results demonstrate that microbial activity plays a key role in aggregation, enhancing the decomposition of agricultural waste and increasing SOC under investigated land-uses of southwest Bangladesh.

Md Tasbirul Islam, Amjad Ali, Sikandar Abdul Qadir et al.

Waste batteries represent a critical waste stream due to their valuable materials and potential environmental hazards. Existing studies predominantly focus on recycling methods, technologies, and material recovery, often relegating policy and regulatory considerations to secondary or partial analyses. Notably, no comprehensive review exclusively addressing the policy and regulatory dimensions of waste battery management has been conducted. To fill this gap, this study systematically reviewed 135 original research articles using a systematic literature review (SLR) and content analysis, examining ten key aspects: (1) scope and definition, (2) collection systems, (3) recycling and processing standards, (4) producer responsibility, (5) public awareness and education, (6) regulatory framework, (7) incentives for recycling, (8) research and development, (9) data collection and reporting, and (10) partnership and stakeholder engagement. The findings highlight core policy elements essential for effective waste battery management, including multi-stakeholder collaboration, data-driven decision-making models, eco-friendly technology R&D, government oversight of informal recycling, lifecycle thinking, consumer participation through education campaigns, adoption of global best practices, and Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) implementation. Additionally, the study proposes actionable policy statements tailored for countries lacking established waste battery policies. This research provides a foundational framework for policymakers and valuable insights for researchers in waste management, environmental policy, and public administration.

Israt Jahan Ami, Sonia Nasrin, Falguni Akter et al.

Agricultural wastes (crop residues) removal and burning, coupled with intensive farming, lead to soil quality degradation and carbon emissions. Agricultural wastes are considered an effective way to improve soil carbon stock and aggregation in soil. However, the suitable strategy for agricultural wastes management to enhance soil organic carbon stabilization and aggregation has not been intensively investigated. A short-term field study was conducted from 2021 to 2022 to assess the potential of agricultural wastes management approaches to enhance aggregation (MWD) and mineral-associated organic carbon. The study consisted of six treatments: (1) control, (2) fertilization (NPK), (3) agricultural waste burn and ash incorporation, (4) NPK + agricultural waste burn and ash incorporation, (5) agricultural waste application at 8 (rice) and 6 (okra) ton ha−1, and (6) NPK + agricultural waste application at 8 (rice) and 6 (okra) ton ha−1 with one year duration (Okra from mid-November to mid-March – fallow from mid-March to mid-July – lowland rice (Oryza sativa) mid-July to mid-November). Post-harvest soil aggregation, soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) were estimated. The findings exhibited that MWD (mm) under agricultural residue (0.49), residue + NPK (0.45), and only NPK (0.38) were enhanced compared to the control (0.28) (P < 0.05). The highest SOC (g kg−1) was found in residue + NPK (18.35), followed by only residue (18.10), and the lowest in the control (15) (P < 0.01). GRSP showed significant results, with the highest GRSP was observed with residue + NPK, followed by only residue application (p < 0.05). MBC and mineral-associated SOC of aggregates were reduced in the order of agricultural residue + NPK > agricultural residue > residue burn + NPK > NPK > residue burn > control. No significant results were found in terms of Fe oxides. Moreover, MWD was linked with SOC, while mineral-associated SOC was linked with MBC significantly. Results demonstrate that agricultural waste with NPK fertilizer has the potential to enhance aggregation, reduce erosion, and increase mineral-associated carbon in clay soil to mitigate climate change.

Witness Dlamini, Whitehead Zikhali

Solid waste management is a serious public and environmental health concern in Zimbabwe, particularly in urban areas and growth points. The situation is exacerbated by the strategies to manage solid waste that are either ineffective or absent. This leads to dumping of solid waste in open spaces. This paper assessed the household’s solid waste management practices and the feasibility of a transition towards a circular economy at Nkayi growth point. The study adopted a concurrent mixed method study design. Semi-structured questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data from the respondents. Majority of the respondents (86.06 %) did not practice waste segregation whereas (13.94 %) did segregate their household waste. Most respondents (56.97 %) highlighted that they reused materials while 43.03 % did not. 58.79 % did not practice recycling of items such as plastics while 68 (41.21 %) practiced recycling. Most participants (59.39 %) perceived household waste management to be a responsibility of the local authority while least respondents (6.67 %) perceived it to be a responsibility of the household occupants. Most respondents (62.21 %) perceived segregation and recycling of household solid waste to be time consuming while the remaining respondents (38.79 %) perceived it not to be time consuming. Transition to a circular economy at Nkayi growth point is unlikely due to absence of local bylaws to enforce implementation of circular economy, lack of awareness by households on circular economy. The study recommends that the local authority provide waste separation receptacles to households, invest in educational and awareness and come up with bylaws to promote circular economy practices at Nkayi growth point.

M. Ayisha Sidiqua, A. Sheik Farid, Girish Birgoudiar et al.

The utilization of electronic devices has been consistently increasing each year. In the fiscal year 2020–2021, India handled more than 340,000 tonnes of electronic waste, a significant surge from the 69,414 tonnes recorded in 2017–2018. Over the past four years, there has been a remarkable fourfold increase in the collection and processing of e-waste. This project focuses on e-waste generated from headphones, considering their widespread usage globally. Surprisingly, despite their ubiquity, only 15 % of headphones are recycled, with more than 85 % being discarded as waste. To address this issue, hydrometallurgy treatment is employed to extract valuable metals such as copper and iron. Following this treatment, this research successfully obtained copper carbonate and iron oxide as essential elements. The leached solution undergoes analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Further characterization through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) of batteries and magnets aids in identifying the crystalline materials. Additionally, a cost-benefit analysis was carried out, revealing a 57 % and a 39 % profit in copper carbonate and iron oxide extraction respectively and this validates the confirmation of circular economy. Finally, a questionnaire survey was conducted with approximately 192 students, revealing that most headset replacements occur roughly once a year, typically within a budget of around Rs. 500–1000. This strongly indicates a high rate of waste disposal.

Ann Trevenen-Jones, Min J. Cho, Jyothi Thrivikraman et al.

Urban households are an intimate nexus of food and food waste, connecting people to challenges of sustainability and inequality, in wider food systems. Household food waste (HFW) studies, including those which explored consumption practices during COVID-19, have tended to emphasize the reduction in food waste as part of behaviour change. In 2018/19 an exploratory, interdisciplinary, mixed method study was conducted of HFW perceptions and practices of urban residents in The Hague (Netherlands) with purposeful sampling (n = 19), speaking either Dutch, English or Arabic. Participants took photographs of their HFW for photovoice interviews and focus group HFW stories. The research provided a space for participants to become self-aware of the explicit and implicit understanding of their food practices and their household food waste and its related practices (i.e. food-related packaging). This finding resonated across all hierarchical levels of waste management from best practices, such as, reduction to mixed waste least preferred options. Performing HFW appears to lack comprehensive ecological contextualisation as per the latter part of the urban food system. Dutch and English-speaking focus groups seemed mostly unaware of ‘what happened next’ to their disposed HFW and food-related packaging, whilst the Arabic speaking focus group appeared more comprehensively ecosystem attuned. Given the impetus to a zero-waste more sustainable lifestyle, the transitory implications of knowing more explicitly about ‘what happens next’ to different forms of urban HFW disposal, once it is ‘out of sight’, could potentially offer insights into reconfigured routine HFW performance and therefore require further research.

Nicky Rahmana Putra, Dwila Nur Rizkiyah, Azrul Nurfaiz Mohd Faizal et al.

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) is a tropical fruit known for its vibrant colours and unique flavour. While the fleshy pulp is widely consumed, the peels are often discarded as waste, leading to environmental concerns. However, recent studies have shown that dragon fruit peels possess various bioactive compounds that can be extracted and utilized for multiple applications. This study aims to explore the valorization of dragon fruit peels through extraction methods, thereby turning waste into valuable resources. Different green extraction techniques, such as microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction and supercritical fluid extraction, can be employed to optimize the extraction efficiency and yield. Furthermore, additional purification steps, such as filtration or chromatography, may be employed to obtain highly pure and concentrated extracts. The bioactive compounds from dragon fruit peels have shown promising potential in various fields. They exhibit antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity and have been found to possess anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Additionally, these extracts can be used as natural food colourants, functional ingredients in food and beverages, or additives in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Utilizing this waste material can reduce dependence on synthetic chemicals and promote sustainable practices in industries.

Daniel E. Dodor, Millicent E. Zoglie, Samuel G.K. Adiku et al.

Valorization of agro-municipal solid wastes into value-added nutrient-enriched slow-release organic amendments (OAs) for ameliorating soil fertility constraint has been proposed as an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach to managing challenges associated with disposal of organic wastes. However, for soils receiving OAs of complex composition, such as biochar-manure-compost (BMC), the predictive knowledge needed to synchronize amount and timing of nitrogen (N) release with plant demand, thereby minimizing environmental pollution, is still lacking. This study validated results from an alkaline hydrolysis method for estimating N mineralization potential with: (i) the standard long-term N mineralization procedure and (ii) actual N uptake from soils amended with BMCs of varied C/N ratios. The alkaline hydrolysis procedure involves direct steam-distillation of BMC-soil mixtures, requiring only 40-min for estimating N mineralization potential, whereas the standard N mineralization procedure followed 26-week laboratory incubation. For both procedures, cumulative N mineralized or hydrolyzed was fitted to the first-order exponential equation to determine the potentially mineralizable N (No) and an analogous “potentially hydrolyzable N (Nmax)” for the BMCs. Nitrogen uptake by maize was evaluated in a six-week pot experiment. The results showed that Nmax and No values differed among the BMCs, indicating differences in chemical composition, and potential mineralizabilities of the BMCs. Increasing biochar content of the BMCs decreased kinetic parameters of N mineralization compared to compost alone. Estimated Nmax values significantly correlated with No (p = 0.023) and N uptake (p = 0.005), suggesting that alkaline hydrolyzable ON can replace the long-term procedure for estimating No in BMC-amended soils, reducing experimental cost and time.

M. Bodiul Islam, M.A. Muhtasim Dian, N. Alamgir Riya et al.

Two different waste materials from industrial products and pisciculture were used in this research work as raw materials for producing abrasives. Utilizing the resources that are currently accessible on the planet, and employing waste materials will lower the cost of producing abrasive materials while saving the environment from further contamination. Industrial wastes like glass cullet (GC), and piscicultural wastes like Pila globosa snail shell (SS) are utilized in the current research work. The raw materials are joined together by using a binder and applying compressive pressure. Abrasive composite samples were produced as follows: using only glass cullet particles (GC composite), using both glass cullet and snail shell particles (GC-SS composite), and using only snail shell particles (SS composite). The composites were constructed using 14% epoxy resin with hardener. The hardness, compressive strength, surface roughness, thermal conductivity, density, and water absorption tests were used to analyze the fabricated samples. GC composite is less water resistant than the SS composite. GC composite has the lowest density compared to SS composite. The heat conductivity and surface roughness increase with the addition of SS to GC. The particle morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy. All composite samples were compared for their attributes to choose the most effective one to use as emery rock.

Joseph Ikechukwu. Nwachukwu, Chinelo Lois. Gilbert, Michael A. Nwachukwu et al.

This study evaluates the potential deleterious impact of untreated waste water discharged into an unlined pit by the Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) on the groundwater quality of Umuakpara community in Osisioma, Abia state. Its overarching objective is to assess potential contaminant sources, distribution in groundwater using diverse techniques. Water samples collected from 14 domestic wells in two contrasting seasons (Rainy and Dry) were analyzed for Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) using Gas chromatography (GC). Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) technique was employed to determine the depth to water table and soil lithological layers required for good understanding of contaminants behavior along groundwater flow path. Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (r) and One-way ANOVA were used to define the interactions of detected PAHs and spatial variation in means of the PAHs components (p < 0.05) respectively. Five (5) priority PAHs were found in groundwater samples which generally measured above the WHO (2011) maximum permissible limit for PAHs in drinking water (0.001 mg/l). However, the levels of individual PAHs in each borehole were found to be lower than the USEPA permissible limit for each PAH. Phenanthrene recorded the highest mean concentration of 0.011214 (0.00106 ± 0.01650) mg/l, while Fluoranthene had the lowest mean concentration between N.D (Not detected) − 0.00216 (0.0004060 ± 0.00027136) mg/l. Significant spatial variability of PAH existed across sampled boreholes whereas strong correlations were noted among the respective PAH components at P < 0.01. Findings ultimately informed the design of a novel Composite Filter for Treatment of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Waters.

P. Vinoshmuthukumar, B. Gopalakrishnan, B. Bharathiraja

In this study, an integral treatment consisted of UV/Fenton/ TiO2 system in the batch systems was developed to perform degradation of synthetic Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, and Xylene (BTEX). Initially, the efficiency of photo Fenton catalytic degradation was compared with conventional treatment methods. Later, optimum levels of selected variables such as the initial concentration of BTEX, pH, temperature, reaction time, and initial dosage of TiO2 were analyzed using one factor at a time method. Further, screening of variables and optimization were performed using Planckett-Burman design and central composite design, respectively. Photo Fenton catalytic process showed about 1.15 fold increase in efficiency when compared with photo Fenton process. Among the selected seven variables, four variables namely, initial pH, BTEX concentration, H2O2 dosage and TiO2 dosage were identified as significant factors. Under the optimal conditions, chemical oxygen demand reduction reached about 84.54 ± 2.57% using UV/Fenton/ TiO2 system. Finally, first-order kinetic model resulted in prediction of 19.43 kJ/mol of activation energy. Thus, process optimization and kinetic study using the developed photo Fenton catalytic system could be beneficial for real time waste containing BTEX pollutants.

Nadine Arnold

Standards drive waste accumulation, which is particularly evident in the case of food. This article illuminates how food that is discarded due to failed standardized expectations is valued in consumer markets. Theoretically oriented by insights from the sociology of standards and valuation studies, it examines three Swiss organizational initiatives that successfully value food waste. Based on rich qualitative data, the article compares the three valuation processes and finds two central commonalities. On the one hand, the initiatives replace the valuation based on product standards with sensory experience. On the other, the initiatives employ additives that buttress the valuation process. These additives include additionally purchased food that enable the processing of the waste and various judgment devices that help consumers in judging the valued food waste. While improving our knowledge of how waste turns into food again, the article’s main contribution lies in bringing the nexus between standards and waste to our attention.