Hasil untuk "Sociology"

P. Bourdieu, Richard Nice

Outline of a Theory of Practice is recognized as a major theoretical text on the foundations of anthropology and sociology. Pierre Bourdieu, a distinguished French anthropologist, develops a theory of practice which is simultaneously a critique of the methods and postures of social science and a general account of how human action should be understood. With his central concept of the habitus, the principle which negotiates between objective structures and practices, Bourdieu is able to transcend the dichotomies which have shaped theoretical thinking about the social world. The author draws on his fieldwork in Kabylia (Algeria) to illustrate his theoretical propositions. With detailed study of matrimonial strategies and the role of rite and myth, he analyses the dialectical process of the 'incorporation of structures' and the objectification of habitus, whereby social formations tend to reproduce themselves. A rigorous consistent materialist approach lays the foundations for a theory of symbolic capital and, through analysis of the different modes of domination, a theory of symbolic power.

Karen S. Cook, E. Rice

M. Sahlins

1. The Original Affluent Society2. The Domestic Mode of Production: The Structure of Underproduction3. The Domestic Mode of Production: Intensification of Production4. The Spirit of the Gift5. On the Sociology of Primitive Exchange6. Exchange Value and the Diplomacy of Primitive Trade

T. Piketty

I am most grateful to the editors of the British Journal of Sociology for putting together such an impressive set of review papers about my book. I am very honoured by the very thoughtful essays written by such a distinguished group of scholars coming from sociology, political science, anthropology, history, geography and economics. I warmly thank all participants for their time and attention to my work. I would like to view my book more as work of social science than one of economics or history. It seems to me that we often loose a lot of time in the social sciences because of little disputes about disciplinary boundaries. I could not dream of a better recognition for my work than the stimulating collection of interdisciplinary essays that the British Journal of Sociology is now publishing. I am very fortunate to have so many great readers. There is no way I can do justice to the richness of each review and address the many stimulating points that they raise. I would like however to take this opportunity to briefly clarify a number of issues.

G. Esping-Andersen

J. Coleman

H. Sacks

H. Zuckerman

L. Sklair

Alice MacLean, Annelieke Driessen, Lisa Hinton et al.

ABSTRACT Introduction Interpretations of ‘recovery’ from illness are complex and influenced by many factors, not least patient expectations and experiences. This paper examines meanings of ‘recovery’, and how it is strived towards, drawing on the example of COVID‐19 infection. Methods Drawing on qualitative interviews (n = 93) conducted in the UK between February 2021 and July 2022, we compare adults' accounts of being admitted to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with COVID‐19 to accounts of being ill with Long COVID, defined as ongoing symptoms for at least 12 weeks postinfection. We conducted a multi‐stage comparative analysis using Nvivo to organise and code the data. Results We identified similarities and differences in participants' descriptions of their ‘worlds of illness’. For both groups, perceptions of recovery were shaped by the novel, unknown nature of COVID‐19. Participants questioned the achievability of full restoration of prior states of health, highlighted the heterogeneity of ‘recovery trajectories’ and described the hard physical and emotional work of adjusting to changed selves. Themes that revealed differences in ‘worlds of illness’ described included the different baselines, waymarkers, and pathways of illness experiences. Differences in other people's responses to their illness were also evident. For ICU participants, hospitalisation, and especially ICU admission, conferred legitimate patient status and authenticity to their symptoms. Family, friends and healthcare professionals acknowledged their illness, celebrated their survival, and granted them latitude to recover. For Long Covid participants, their patient status often lacked comparable authenticity in others' eyes. They reported encountering a lack of recognition and understanding of their ongoing need to recover. Conclusions This study highlights how the meanings of illness ascribed by others can influence how recovery is experienced. Our findings highlight the importance of ensuring people are made to feel their illness experiences are legitimate, regardless of hospitalisation status, formal diagnosis or lack of medical knowledge and pathways. They also indicate the value of emphasising the different permutations, and lack of linearity, that recovery can take. This may help to help to guard against a lack of understanding for experiences of recovery which do not meet idealised notions. Patient or Public Contribution Both studies were guided by an advisory panel that included patient and public involvement representatives with lived experience of Intensive Care/COVID experience and Long COVID respectively. Through regular meetings with the research teams, the advisory panel had input into all aspects of the study conduct, including recruitment methods and content of the interview topic guide and feedback on preliminary analyses. The Long COVID study also included a lived experience coinvestigator who contributed to data interpretation and analysis.

Faiza Bouzemlal, Ali Nabil Belouard

Exchange rate volatility can have socioeconomic challenges and a significant impact on export diversification of major global economies. The main objective of this article is to assess the symmetric and asymmetric effect of exchange rate volatility on Algerian export diversification. For this purpose, the autoregressive linear and nonlinear distributed lag (ARDL) model and annual data for the period 1990-2023 were used.The empirical findings using the estimation for time series data reveal that the volatility of the exchange rate has a symmetric effect on export diversification. The results revealed the presence of cointegration between the variables. The relationship between exchange rate volatility and export diversification in Algeria is positive and symmetric, which is contrary to conventional wisdom, as both currency depreciation and appreciation were found to boost diversification. Economic openness and GDP per capita significantly promote diversification, while investment and infrastructure surprisingly hinder it. Inflation also has an unexpected positive effect. The model adjusts quickly to equilibrium, though short-run results show mixed results. Diagnostic tests confirm robustness, except for serial correlation, corrected via Newey-West standard errors. This article suggests that policy makers should adopt different policies to address socio-economic challenges and keep the exchange rate stable in order to promote export diversification.

Lawrence Stacey, Kristi Williams

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)—such as abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction before age 18—pose substantial risks to individual health and well-being throughout life, but relatively less research has examined how ACEs are associated with parenting behaviors or children’s home environments. We use linked mother–child data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, a U.S. longitudinal cohort study, to investigate how maternal ACEs are associated with the emotional support and cognitive stimulation of children. Regression results demonstrate an inverse relationship between maternal ACE exposure and the degree of emotional support and cognitive stimulation in children’s home environments. Children born to mothers with four or more ACEs had, on average, 4.9 percentile-unit lower emotional support scores and 5.6 percentile-unit lower cognitive stimulation scores relative to mothers with no ACE exposure, net of maternal and child sociodemographic characteristics. Further results document the importance of emotional neglect and physical abuse, both of which were independently and negatively related to the emotional support and cognitive stimulation of children. Our article builds on a growing body of literature by documenting links between maternal ACE exposure and children’s home environments and by illuminating the lengthy intergenerational reach of parental ACEs.

B. Turner

علی اکبر سالاری پور, آرمان حمیدی, عالیه فریدی فشتمی et al.

امروزه بخش بزرگی از رفتارهای محیط زیستی شهروندان تحت تأثیر ارتباط و میزان دلبستگی آن‍ها با شهر است. به‌طوری‌که دلبستگی به مکان و شهر مؤلفه‌ای حیاتی در پرورش شهروندان حامی محیط‌زیست محسوب می‍گردد. پژوهش حاضر از نوع توصیفی- کمی می‍باشد. جهت جمع‍آوری اطلاعات باهدف سنجش تأثیر میزان دلبستگی به شهر و همچنین خصوصیات فردی شهروندان، بر بروز رفتارهای حامی محیط زیستی در میان شهروندان، تعداد 402 پرسشنامه از طریق ساکنین شهر رشت تکمیل شده است. داده‍های به‌دست‌آمده از پرسشنامه‍ها به‌صورت کمی وارد نرم‌افزار SPSS شده و سپس با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Smart PLS3 به مدل‌سازی و تجزیه‌وتحلیل یافته‍ها پرداخته شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که برخلاف انتظار رابطه تأثیرگذاری میان شاخص‍های دلبستگی فردی به مکان، محل تولد، مدت سکونت و میزان تحصیلات بر رفتارهای حامی محیط زیستی شهروندان، وجود ندارد؛ اما از سوی دیگر نتایج مدل‌سازی نمایانگر این موضوع بود که در گام نخست رفتارهای حامی محیط زیستی شهروندان بیش‍ترین ارتباط و اثرپذیری را از دلبستگی اجتماعی شهروندان با مکان یا شهر دارند. سپس در گام بعدی تعدادی از ویژگی‌های فردی شهروندان ازجمله سن و وضعیت تأهل نیز بر رفتارهای حامی محیط زیستی شهروندان تأثیرگذار می‌باشد و رابطه مستقیمی میان آن‌ها برقرار است.

Fredrik Envall, Daniel Andersson, Harald Rohracher

I denna artikel undersöks energigemenskaper som en arena inom vilken möjligheterna till en mer rättvis och demokratiskt orienterad klimatomställning tar form. Mer specifikt utforskas hur energigemenskaper i Sverige utkristalliseras mot bakgrund av EU:s Ren Energi-paket, där dessa utpekats som ett viktigt verktyg för ett utökat medborgardeltagande och en fördjupad demokratisering. Med avstamp i kritisk samhällsvetenskaplig miljöforskning undersöks det svenska landskapet av energigemenskaper som ett diskursivt slagfält där sociomateriella arrangemang och aktörsintressen formeras. Särskild uppmärksamhet ägnas åt aktörers politiska klangbotten för engagemang, de ideologiska bevekelsegrunder som kommer till uttryck, de förändringsstrategier som sätts i spel, och de allianser som bildas. Detta är av miljösociologiskt intresse för att undersöka hur lovvärda ambitioner och visioner om ett klimatneutralt samhälle omsätts i praktiken samt för att belysa maktrelationer som annars riskerar osynliggöras. Vi finner att svenska energigemenskaper generellt tvingas förhålla sig till en dominerande innovationsorienterad diskurs med avpolitiserande effekt. Samtidigt florerar en mångfald andra sätt att “energigemenskapa,” vilka återspeglar värden som avviker från den dominerande diskursen.

Jane Pilcher

S. Nettleton

Irma Dwiyanti, Muhammad Rijal, Wahyu Hidayat

Kampar Regency is one of the regencies with a quit spacious aquaculture area with pisciculture business activities as one of the livelihoods of most of the people. Freshwater fish farming in Kampar Regency includes the pisciculture of karamba or in ponds. The request for freshwater fish production in Riau province is also quite high, such as catfish, carp, tilapia, pomfret and baung fish for daily consumption or industrial needs. The high request for fish production in Kampar regency cannot always be fulfielld. This is due to the failure of aquaculture caused by various factors such as climate, environment, pests and diseases. So to avoid the occurrence of these failures required skilled human resources and adequate facilities. Research and Development Center for Aquaculture which functions as a center for development, research and public education in advancing the community's economy, which includes a research center, laboratory and also commercial functions in the fisheries sector. In designing the Center for Aquaculture Research and Development, the Biophilic architectural approach is used. Biophilic architecture is a good relationship between nature, humans and architecture. The concept of the building takes the concept of "River Water Flow" as an implementation of natural formations by considering the three aspects ofarchitecture Biophilic into a single unit.

Mark S. Granovetter