Hydrological extremes, particularly floods, are becoming prevalent in parts of Nigeria. During the 2022 rainy season, Nigeria experienced a devastating riverine flood with severe societal impacts. However, the principal factors contributing to riverine flooding in Nigeria remain debatable, necessitating data-driven and policy-relevant studies to quantify the primary causes of riverine floods in Nigeria. In this study, we applied remote sensing techniques and climate data to characterize the 2022 flood event in Nigeria by quantifying the flooded areas, the number of people affected per state, and riverine flood risk assessment. We investigated rainfall and soil moisture anomalies during the flood event and inferred the contribution of the opening of the Lagdo Dam, in Cameroon, to the severity of the flood event. Our results show that large parts of Cameroon and northern Nigeria experienced above-average rainfall during the 2022 rainy season, contributing to soil saturation. About 50,000 ha of land were flooded in Nigeria between July and August; however, following the opening of the Lagdo Dam in September, the flood extent spiked to 200,000 ha (i.e., about 300% increase), suggesting that excess water from the Lagdo Dam, coupled with inadequate drainage infrastructure, amplified the flood extent in Nigeria. Flooded areas were more extensive in northern Nigeria than in southern regions; however, due to denser settlements in flood-prone areas, Anambra State in southeastern Nigeria was the most affected in terms of people impacted. Therefore, besides rainfall changes and inadequate drainage infrastructures leading to the inundation of the major rivers in Nigeria and their tributaries, we also ranked poor town planning against the population density per square meter as a critical factor that amplifies the societal impacts of flooding in Nigeria. Finally, based on the 2022 conditions and the available pre-flood population data, an estimated number of 105,000 people are at critical risk of riverine flooding in Nigeria.
Véronique Brunet, Ginette Auxiette, Laura Berrio
et al.
The preventive archaeological excavation of Saint-Julien-lès-Metz took place some twenty years ago, and the artefacts were completely restudied following the publication of this relatively well-preserved site. The site as a whole illustrates three Neolithic periods from sometimes unprecedented angles, and represents a major contribution to our understanding of village communities in Lorraine. The three recognised settlements span the 5th to 3rd millennia and are separated by chronological gaps. The first documented occupation dates back to the first part of the Middle Neolithic. The main features of this period are two buildings and a succession of polylobed pits, typical of sites from the Grossgartach culture. They provide an unprecedented vision of a structured plateau settlement. The second is dated to the second half of the Middle Neolithic. A sequence of polylobed pits is the only remaining feature of a Bischheim settlement. These structures are recurrent features on contemporaneous Lorraine sites. The last occupation dates from the Final Neolithic. A combustion structure and a silo are the only remaining elements of a probable Bell Beaker settlement.
The article gives the definitions of such concepts as vernacular city, vernacular urbanism and vernacular approach in the study of the origin and development of the historic city. It considers the problems arising in urban settlements as a result of unrestrained spontaneous growth. The impact of uncontrolled multiplication of development of urban peripheries affects the functioning of the whole urban organism. The problems of spontaneous horizontal growth of the city’s territory are considered on the example of Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan.
Rawa Pening Lake has been in critical condition, caused by high sedimentation levels, declining water quality, damage to the watershed, and excessive riparian occupation. Therefore, this study aims to identify the main problems of the revitalization of Rawa Pening lake. Data and information collection were carried out through direct observation and interviews. The results showed that the main problems of the lake were the removal of the water weeds/water hyacinths, tidal rice fields, and buildings on the lake and riparian areas. The solution to the three main problems is lake revitalization. The revitalization concept that can be proposed regarding the control of water hyacinth is by mechanical means (using water hyacinth lifting equipment, boats, and cutting water hyacinth) and by biological methods, namely the cultivation of koan fish that will eat water hyacinth. At the tidal rice fields, it is necessary to determine the water level limit wisely. The areas with elevation of 462.30 m3-463.25 m3 (covering an area of 812 Ha) can be planted twice a year. The areas with a height of 462.05 m3-462.30 m3 (covering an area of 200 Ha) can be planted once in the rainy season. The areas with elevation of 462.05 m3 cannot be planted because it is in a state of flooding. Incommensurate areas and lakes, there is a lot of land and buildings consisting of settlements, tourism destinations, places of worship, and restaurants. Then the proposed alternative solution is the land acquisition compensation of land and buildings in commensurate areas.
The article describes the criteria for assessing the methods of accounting for the costs of thermal energy used by housing communities and cooperatives based on the indications of divisors. The most common errors in the current practice of settlements were pointed out, causing the heating costs to be overstated, calculated as a fee for heating 1 m2 of usable space or for a calculation unit of consumption. The aim of the publication is to present the methods of settling individual costs in a multi-room building, which allow for logical and fair division of the costs of heat supplied to the building for the heating of individual premises in accordance with Polish regulations. The principles of accounting for energy costs after the amendment to the Energy Law and the implementation of the provisions of the Regulation of the Minister of Climate and Environment of December 7, 2021 on the conditions for establishing the technical feasibility and profitability of using heat meters, heat cost allocators and water meters for measuring domestic hot water were discussed, as were the conditions for selecting the method of accounting for the purchase costs of heat and the scope of information contained in individual settlements.
Funmilola Oyebanji, Godson Ana, Opeyemi Tope-Ajayi
et al.
The focus of this study was to portray the spatial pattern of air quality across seasons in the eight sampled farm settlements using air quality indexes and assess the clusters of monitored air pollutants. The concentrations of air pollutants were determined using in-situ portable gas detectors and particulate counter. The AQI for each criteria pollutants (CO, O3, TSP, PM10, SO2, and PM2.5) was calculated using AQI formulae of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and mapped using the Inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation method in the Geographic information systems (GIS) environment. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to group the parameters and estimate the interrelationships between the loadings of the parameters in each component. The AQI ranges of pollutants which deviated from the acceptable good status are CO (71.98 – 238 and 88.85 – 220.93), NO2 (10.14 – 107.07 and 10.84 – 72.88) and PM2.5 (12.90 – 70.85 and 12.56 – 54.02) for the dry and wet seasons, respectively. There were five and four PCs with eigenvalues > 1, accounting for 69.75% and 61.73% of the total variance during the wet and dry season, respectively. The parameters in each component are as follows; PC1 - TSP, PM10, PM2.5, Bacteria and fungi; PC2 - CO and Temperature; PC3 - relative humidity and O3; PC4 - CO2; PC5 - NO2 and SO2 for the wet season and PC1 - TSP, PM10, PM2.5, Bacteria and fungi; PC2 - NH3 and NO2; PC3 - CO2 and O3; PC4 - Temperature and relative humidity during the dry season. Biomass burning, engine exhausts and fine-particulate related activities are sources of air pollution and such may pose negative implication to human health and environment. Therefore, the use of alternative biomass disposal, regular servicing of processing engines and the wearing of protective wears against dust are recommended.
Indian cities are experiencing rapid population growth and expansion of urban poor. Many of these people live in informal settlements which are areas of high density, poor quality housing-the ‘poverty pockets’ with inadequate provision of basic water and sanitation services. Sanitation in slums poses the dual risk of increased disease incidence, on one hand, and it raises the issue of personal safety, security, and dignity of women and girls on the other hand. A community toilets (CT) facility is a shared facility provided for a defined group of residents or an entire settlement/community. Women, despite having a high demand for safe toilet facilities, continue to practice unsafe sanitation. In response to the shame and fear associated with open defecations, women restrict their mobility. To ensure safe, accessible and long-term usability of community toilets, it is critical to select the most appropriate location and community toilet design.
ABSTRAK
Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah memberikan pemahaman dan ketrampilan kepada aparatur kantor keluarahan sidomulyo barat kecamatan tampan tentang perilaku pemberi layanan. Materi yang diberikan mengenai peraturan Menteri Negara Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara No 7 tahun 2010 tentang pedoman penilaian kinerja unit pelayanan publik, indikator yang dinilai dalam Penghargaan Citra Pelayanan Prima (CPP) yang digelar Kementerian Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi ( Kemenpan-RB) menilai bahwa pelayanan prima dapat dilihat dari visi, misi, sumber daya dan sarana prasarana. tidak hanya dari sisi kemampuan dan kompetensi tetapi juga sikap dan perilaku SDM di lini terdepan layanan. Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan dikantor kelurahan sidomulyo barat kecamatan tampan kota pekanbaru. Metode yang digunakan dengan memberikan materi pelatihan melalui persentasi dan pelatihan perilaku pemberi layanan. Capaian pengabdian ini adalah terlaksanaanya kegiatan pengabdian sesuai dengan yang diharapkan dengan adanya perubahan mindset aparatur sipil negara dalam melayanan masyrarakat, jumlah peserta pengabian ini sebanyak 12 orang aparatur sipil negara kantor kelurahan. Peserta mendapatkan pemahaman dan ketrampilan tentang perilaku pemberi pelayanan untuk mewujudkan pelayanan prima.
Kata kunci : perilaku pemberi layanan, pelatihan, kelurahan, aparatur sipil negara
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this dedication is to provide understanding and skill to the office apparatus offices sidomulyo west of handsome district about the behavior of service providers. The material given on the regulation of the State Minister of Administrative Reform No. 7 of 2010 on guidelines for the appraisal of the performance of public service units, the indicators assessed in the Prime Services Service Award (CPP) held by the Ministry of Administrative Reform and Bureaucracy Reform (Kemenpan-RB) Prime can be seen from the vision, mission, resources and means of infrastructure. Not only in terms of ability and competence but also attitudes and behavior of HR in the forefront of service. This devotion is held in the office of the subdistrict of Sidomulyo Barat in the handsome sub-district of Pekanbaru city. The method used by providing training materials through the presentation and training of the service provider's behavior. The achievement of this devotion is the implementation of service activities in accordance with the expected with the change of mindset of state civil apparatus in serving society, the number of this propagation participants as many as 12 civil servants of state office of kelurahan. Participants gain understanding and skills about the behavior of service providers to realize excellent service.
Keywords: behavior of service providers, training, kelurahan, civil state apparatus
The paper deals with the development of the Neolithic complexes in Western Siberia from the Tobol river to the Kuznetsk Basin. For a long time it has been considered that the forming of the West Siberian Neolithic complexes was based on the Mesolithic ones, rooted in the local Paleolith. It is traditionally thought that pottery production in this area arose independently, and the most ancient ceramics is sharp-pointed and round-bottomed vessels with a receding and drawn-line decoration. However, the discovery and research of complexes of Boborykino culture in the past decade to the east of the Urals allowed to change the conception of the formation and development of the West Siberian Neolith. For understanding these issues the materials of the settlements on Lake Mergen in Low Ishim basin, Avtodrom 2/2 in the forest-steppe Baraba and Inya 11 in the Salair Ridge area (Prisalairie) have great significance. They allow us to trace the process of Boborykino groups moving to the east and the internal development in migrant communities.Formation and development of Neolithic culture in Western Siberia and the migration process took place at the end of the Boreal and the beginning of Atlantic Holocene period, which is characterized by a gradual increase aridity of the climate and steppe formation landscape. At first Boborykino sites were located on river and lake terraces, and later they were constructed in floodplains, by river beds and lakes shoreline. These complexes on the coast of Lake Mergen are dated by the Atlantic period (Ki 17070 7290 ±140 BP; OxA 27615 7321 ±33 BP; OxA 27706 7147 ±38 BP). The pottery of the Boborykino and Koshkino cultures from settlements of Lake Mergen is similar to the Avtodrom 2/2 ones. On the other hand in the complex of the Avtodrom 2/2 there are vessels with an ornament in the form of oval depressions similar to decoration on ceramics of the Inya 11 site. They noted the similarity between ceramics of Inya 11 and Mergen 7 which have the same form of vessels and ornamentation in receding technique. Materials of the settlement date to the mid-Atlantic Holocene period (SOAN 8897 5790±115 BP; SOAN 8898 5705±95 BP, SOAN 8899 5765 ±95 BP).According to the considered complexes, the process of Western Siberian forest-steppe Neolithic societies formation was based on the interaction between migrants and local population of pre-pottery period.
History of Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics, Psychology
One of the hallmark policies implemented post-apartheid, the Restitution of Land Rights Act 22 of 1994, is a rights-based program aimed at addressing the loss of land resulting from past racially discriminatory laws or practices. The aim of this research was to identify what are the factors that determine the different outcomes of the restitution process when claimants are demanding the return of land rights and to highlight the challenges regarding the implementation of this land restitution policy. Focusing on two specific yet contrasting areas in Cape Town, Constantia and Kensington, it was determined that due to factors pertaining to the lands in question, the neighborhood surrounding the lands, the claimants, as well as the organization, function, and performance of different public entities, the policy has managed to fulfill restorative justice, but has yet to fulfill its ultimate goal of returning land rights to the claimants and undoing the injustices of the apartheid regime.
Rinku Roy Chowdhury, Kelli Larson, Morgan Grove
et al.
Urban residential expansion increasingly drives land use, land cover and ecological changes worldwide, yet social science theories explaining such change remain under-developed. Existing theories often focus on processes occurring at one scale, while ignoring other scales. Emerging evidence from four linked U.S. research sites suggests it is essential to examine processes at multiple scales simultaneously when explaining the evolution of urban residential landscapes. Additionally, focusing on urbanization dynamics across multiple sites with a shared research design may yield fruitful comparative insights. The following processes and social-hierarchical scales significantly influence the spatial configurations of residential landscapes: household-level characteristics and environmental attitudes; formal and informal institutions at the neighborhood scale; and municipal-scale land-use governance. While adopting a multi-scale and multi-site approach produces research challenges, doing so is critical to advancing understanding of coupled socio-ecological systems and associated vulnerabilities in a dynamic and environmentally important setting: residential landscapes.