Hasil untuk "Religion (General)"

Saskia Denecke, Felix Strakeljahn, Antonia Bott et al.

Abstract Aetiological models of delusions propose a broad range of predictors. The extent to which these predictors explain variance in persecutory beliefs across the continuum requires systematic investigation. As part of a previous review, 51 aetiological models of delusions were identified in a systematic literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases. Omitting repetitions, 66 unique postulated predictors of delusions and persecutory delusions were extracted from these models, of which 55 met our inclusion criteria and were assessed in a cross-sectional online sample stratified by delusion severity (N = 336) using self-report and behavioural measures. Utilising machine learning (i.e., random forests with nested cross-validation), we investigated the extent to which the model-based predictors explain self-reported persecutory beliefs, identified the most relevant predictors, and investigated their specificity in explaining persecutory beliefs as opposed to delusional beliefs or psychopathological symptoms in general. The machine learning model explained 31% of the variance in persecutory beliefs, 47% of delusions in general, and 77% of general psychopathology. The ten predictors with the most influence on predicting persecutory beliefs included negative beliefs about mistrust, cognitive fusion, ostracism, threat anticipation, generalised negative other beliefs, trust, aberrant salience, hallucinations, stress, and emotion regulation difficulties. The limited explanatory power of the proposed predictors raises questions about the validity of existing models and suggests that crucial predictors specific to persecutory delusions may be missing. Our findings highlight the importance of investigating, refining, and cross-validating theoretical aetiological models to improve our understanding of the aetiology of delusions.

Fangliang Zou, Yi Fang, Yanshan Lin et al.

Abstract Background Patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) experience significant psychological distress due to infertility, with depression and anxiety being the most common manifestations. This study investigates the influence of family support and self-efficacy on the mental health of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). The aim is to assess the direct and indirect effects of family function and self-efficacy on depression and anxiety in IVF-ET patients through pathway analyses, thereby providing novel insights for improving patients’ psychological well-being. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to July 2021, employing convenience sampling to recruit 291 participants from a tertiary care hospital’s reproductive medicine center. Data were collected using the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Family APGAR index (APGAR), and a Demographic Characteristics Form. Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was utilized for pathway analysis to evaluate the direct and indirect influences of family function and self-efficacy on anxiety and depression. Results The scores for the SAS and SDS were 46.15 ± 7.35 and 51.71 ± 8.65, respectively. Multiple regression analysis indicated that family function, self-efficacy, and economic status significantly predicted anxiety and depression. Path analysis revealed that economic status directly (β=-0.447, -0.232) and indirectly (β=-0.066, -0.068) affected anxiety and depression, while family function both directly and indirectly affected depression (β=-0.323, -0.104), directly affected anxiety (β=-0.351), and self-efficacy directly influenced only depression (β=-0.509). Conclusion The findings underscore the pivotal role of a supportive family environment and self-efficacy in alleviating anxiety and depression among IVF-ET patients. The mediating role of family function between economic status and mental health highlights the importance of integrated support systems. Enhancing family function and self-efficacy as part of comprehensive care for individuals undergoing ART is crucial for promoting patient well-being.

Diana Ekor OFANA

In this paper, I argue for an Afro-communitarian account of personhood that considers the value of complementarity as a necessary part of human existence. The reason for conceptualizing personhood as a complementary enterprise is to dispel the understanding of gender that sustains gender inequality. I aim to explore the logic that characterizes complementary personhood as a specific kind of Afro-communitarian personhood that can account for gender complementarity. I argue that the universalized idea of patriarchy and gender, as construed within Western feminist theorizing, cannot account for every society as these concepts differ from culture to culture. In this paper, I use complementary personhood as a lens through which a fluid understanding of gender and gender relations can be drawn against the backdrop of the hierarchy and binary opposition that undergird most Western interrogations of the concepts of gender and patriarchy. To do so, I present an overview of what complementary personhood entails. The preceding elucidation would become the basis for understanding the Afro-centric notion of gender relation. I then tease out an Afro-centric triangle of gender relations using the Ezumezu logical system as its background logic.

Joy Gabriella Davidsen

Offentlige debatter om religiøse ritualer preges ofte av at ulike verdier, ideologier og livssyn kolliderer. Rituell omskjæring av gutter er et religiøst ritual som har vært gjenstand for mye offentlig debatt i Norge, spesielt de siste 10 årene. I denne artikkelen undersøker jeg hva som kjennetegner den medisinske debatten om omskjæring i Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening mellom 2012 og 2016, og hvordan den preges av normkonflikt. Debatten oppstod i kjølvannet av Helse- og omsorgsdepartementets lovforslag om rituell omskjæring av gutter i 2011. Selv om lovforslaget hovedsakelig omhandlet hvem som kunne utføre inngrepet, omhandler debatten i tidsskriftet hvorvidt ritualet i det hele tatt bør tillates i Norge og i helsevesenet. I denne artikkelen drøfter jeg hvordan et religiøst ritual blir debattert i et medisinsk tidsskrift, hvorfor debatten fremstår så polarisert og uoversiktlig, og hvordan forholdet mellom «sekularitet» og «religion» fremstilles og diskuteres i en medisinsk kontekst. Mitt hovedfunn er at debatten mangler et felles normgrunnlag for å diskutere rituell omskjæring. Dette gjør at partene snakker forbi hverandre, og i siste instans angriper hverandres standpunkter og etos. Språket preges også av et utpreget skille mellom et «sekulært oss» og et «religiøst dem», noe som vanskeliggjør mulighetene for en saklig og fruktbar debatt.

Bron Taylor

La traduzione rispetta sia la forma linguistica che la struttura compositiva del testo originale. Per questo motivo si è ritenuto di non dover tradurre le definizioni green religion, dark green religion, spiritual but not religious e greening of religion in quanto non ci sono corrispettivi italiani già in uso che rendano la complessità delle suddette categorie. Riteniamo che i termini possano risultare comunque comprensibili ad un pubblico italofono che si approcci al testo.

Zoltán Somhegyi

In this study I investigate several questions related to adaptive restoration, i.e. when a functioning piece of architecture operates with a different purpose to its original one, as well as the role of aesthetics in re-purposing, and the importance of the special forms of experience such a conversion provides. The questions connected to these architectural projects are not only theoretically inspiring, leading to diverse and broad fields of research in architecture, art and aesthetics, but are also crucial on a practical level, and hence require caution and precise consideration, given the impact the final results of such projects may have, as well as in terms of the effect and efficiency of the new space. Creative and adaptive re-purpose, modification or complete change of function can have wonderful potential, as well as, obviously, presenting serious hazards to avoid. What is equally important, however, is that this will also contribute to a strengthening of awareness of architecture and its aesthetic qualities, hence further promoting the idea of safeguarding and care of edifices and of tangible heritage.

José A. Ruiz S. Román

José Pérez Adán, Ediciones Internacionales Universitarias, Madrid 2005

Harisatunisa Harisatunisa

Higher number of students recruitment in Islamic Education Institutions is one indicator of an institution quality. Islamic educational institutions are currently required to be able to promote their institutions to expand the students’ recruitment. This paper aims to describe the implication of brand image in the promotion of Islamic educational institutions on student recruitment. The method used in this paper is literature review. Books, articles, websites, laws relating to brand image, brand management, higher education and marketing management are collected, read, compared, and analyzed to identify the roles of brand image in promoting the Islamic educational institutions. The results of this study indicate that there are three implications of brand image in the promotion of Islamic educational institutions on student recruitment: brand image is strengthening the position of Islamic educational institutions, brand image is illustrating the effectiveness of the institution, and the brand image can be used as a reference in designing the institution identity.

Maitumeleng Albertina Nthontho

Contradictions and contestations with regard to the implementation of religion policies have become a worldwide phenomenon. Research suggest an increasing number of costly and protracted court and legislative battles between schools and parents over religion in schools. In this article, I aim to highlight some of the conflicting issues that need to transformation while implementing the National Policy on Religion and Education of 2003 in some selected South African schools. Based on mediation theory, the study used individual interviews to gather data from twelve purposively selected school principals to investigate how they implemented the religion policy in their respective schools. The findings show that despite the implementation challenges of this policy, the majority of the school principals displayed the qualities of a transformative mediator by transforming conflicting religious interests of stakeholder groupings in their schools. I therefore recommend that universities should consider training school principals in the use of transformative mediation as a strategy to transform conflicts in schools as it holds potential benefits for fields such as education.

Géraldine Lepan

The article explores the different modalities of the notion of bond in Rousseau’s philosophy (social, civil, political) according to the main axes of his thinking. We begin with the criticism of the sociability of Enlightenment developed in the Discourse on the Origins and Basis of Inequality among Men in order to compare it with the political remedy that emerges in the Social Contract, as well as the analysis that is conducted in the Émile around “the abstract man” cultivating his capacity for attachment. Thus the genealogy of the links can emerge from the relationships of need. Alongside the condemnation of mutual dependence, mapping the notions of link, bond, relationship, node and spring offers full meaning to the positive definition of Man as a “relative being”.

Piotr Rosół

The questions concerning control over the environment are becoming increasingly more significant. From ecology to medicine, from bioethics to transhumanism, there are many different issues reflected and acted upon, which have an important common element, namely underlying premises about the relationship between the natural biosphere and humans. Hans Jonas, in his book The Imperative of Responsibility: In Search for an Ethics for the Technological Age, first published over 40 years ago in German as Das Prinzip Verantwortung: Versuch einer Ethik für die technologische Zivilisation, proposed philosophical and ethical foundations for understanding this relationship. One of the underestimated Hans Jonas’ reflections concerns the characteristic of power. The paper analyzes the concept of power presented along with the imperative of responsibility, as well as three different degrees of power characteristic for Jonas’ approach to the notion of power. The paper presents this structure of power and the underlying philosophical considerations that constitute a basis for it. It also provides an argument that these considerations may be used as a framework for understanding many contemporary challenges and ethical responsibility in the technological age.

Maryam Zaeri Amirani, Enshaallah Rahmati, Mohsen Javadi

Avicenna is a renowned peripatetic philosopher whose rationality continuously draws the attention of many scholars. In many of his works, he resorts to the hierarchy of intellects (angels) to explain the process of the emanation of the multiplicity from the One, as well as the emergence of beings. As these intellects are among the ontological causes of the human soul in the arc of descent, they also guide human individuals through the arc of ascent. Angels are of two types according to Avicenna: (1) the intellects who reveal themselves to human beings via mystical experience and endow them with all the necessary means of intellectual and spiritual transcendence and (2) the celestial or heavenly souls who serve them as an examples of vision and intuition. The manifestation of intellects plays a key role in the explanation of mystical experience, because they account for the rationality of mystical experience, on the one hand, and provide a typology of mystical experiences, on the other hand, based on human existential status. Moreover, one can recognize and tackle the existing obstacles before pure vision and intuition via a study of Avicenna's ideas.

F. Pourmohseni-Koluri

An important aspect of university life is romantic relationships. Research has showed these relationships effect major areas of youth function such as close relationships, identity development, sexual development, and peer relationships. The present study examined the gender differences in attachment style and personality traits in love styles among university students. For this purpose, among Ardebil university students, 200 participants were selected based on random sampling. Participants were responded the HEXACO Personality Inventory (Ashton & Lee, 2004), attachment styles scale (Colins & Reed, 1990) and Love Attitude Scale (Hendric & Hendric, 1989). The investigation of gender differences in love styles showed that boys reported higher scores in ludus and pragma and girls reported higher scores in eros (P< 0/01, P< 0/05). Also regression analyses showed that, in boys, conscientiousness, and in girls close attachment were as a significant predictor of eros. Also, in boys, honesty-humility predicts ludus, and anxious attachment and agreeableness predict pragma. In girls, emotionality and anxious attachment predict pragma (P

Luis Gerena Carrillo

En este trabajo se trata de mostrar que en el libro II de las Vidas de los filósofos ilustres, Diógenes Laercio establece los rasgos que distinguen como tales a los principales socráticos menores (Jenofonte, Esquines Aristipo y Euclides). De acuerdo con esto, se sostiene que para Laercio los socráticos son aquellos que escribieron diálogos socráticos, pero principalmente quienes elaboraron una propuesta de vida buena a partir de su relación con Sócrates y, en este sentido, sustentada en supuestos filosóficos que se pueden considerar socráticos, especialmente el supuesto de que el conocimiento es el bien. Esta lectura de Laercio es importante porque nos permite pensar a los socráticos como un movimiento con rasgos comunes, que desarrolla la ética, la cual, según Laercio, introduce Sócrates como una disciplina distinta de la física y la dialéctica, pero que constituye una nueva forma de filosofía: una cuyo problema es cómo vivir bien, pero que elabora sus propuestas a partir del diálogo y la confrontación, entendiéndose esto por conocimiento.   Palabras clave: Sócrates, socratismo, filosofía socrática   The Socrates of Diogenes Laertius. Lives of Eminent Philosophers (book II) This paper aims is to show that in book II of the Lives of Eminent Philosophers, Diogenes Laertius establishes the distinctive traits of the minor Socratics (Xenophon, Aeschines, Aristippus and Euclid). Accordingly for Laertius, the socratics wrote socratic dialogues, and mainly those who made a proposal of a good life from their relation with Socrates and based on philosophical suppositions that can be considered Socratic, specially that the knowledge is good. This interpretation of Laertius is important because we think of the Socratics as a movement with common traits, that developed the ethics, which according to Laertius, Socrates introduced as a distinct discipline of physics and dialectic, but it is a new form of philosophy: one in which the problem is how to live well, but it makes its proposals through dialogue and confrontation, understanding these as knowledge. Keywords: Socrates, Socratism, Socratic Philosophy

Eduardo García Escobar

Serie de reflexiones e hipótesis en tomo al hombre, la naturaleza, la religión y el cosmos.

Efraín Gaytán Jiménez, Manuel Rosales González, Humberto Reyes Hernández et al.

In Mexico, like in other Latin-American countries, mental and cognitive disorders in childhood have become more relevant because of the social and economic impact either at individual, familial or community level. Due to limitations in health care systems, the prevalence of these conditions in children is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of behavioral, emotional and cognitive difficulties in children with different levels of marginalization, living in the metropolitan area of La Laguna, Mexico. An analytical observational cross-sectional study was conducted. The prevalence of ADHD was 14.7% and for anxiety was 15.4%. Cognitive impairment was observed in 25.4% of the sample. Children living in the area with the highest level of marginalization had nine times more risk to present cognitive impairment compared with a low marginalization group, whereas for the medium marginalization group, the risk was six times higher than the low marginalization group. The results demonstrated a high impact of social vulnerability in cognitive development.

Gilmanow W. H.

Fawaizul Umam

<p><em>Ulama (Islamic scholars) play important role in culturally paternalistic societies. Their prophetic role is theologically idealized as successors of prophets’ </em>risâlah,<em> mission. However, historically speaking, history yet often features reality that differs from their normative role. This paper aims to reevaluate the prophetic role of </em>ulama <em>in Lombok</em>, <em>called </em>tuan guru, <em>in the context of religious freedom praxsis. It is found that what is held by </em>tuan guru <em>in the realm of socio-politico-cultural tend to differ from his own existential theological spirit as one of socio-religious institutions. In the context of the praxis of religious freedom, </em>tuan guru <em>in general tend to play a role as a breeder and booster of anti pluralism discourses. Considering the theological claims of Islam itself as a spreader of mercy for all as well as political-cultural claims that Lombok is religious island, the island of thousand mosques, the realm seems ironic.</em><em></em></p>

Mimí Marinovic

Se expone una investigación sobre la vida, los procesos creativos y actitudes ante los sueños de veinte destacados pintores chilenos. Participaron en una experiencia destinada a incrementar su creatividad mediante la realización de diarios de sueños con bocetos y una obra basada en ellos. Los resultados indican que la mayoría exhibió una actitud positiva ante su infancia. Quienes experimentaron pérdidas importantes de seres queridos encuentran compensación en su actividad artística. Los juegos infantiles, las habilidades visuales y la curiosidad fueron factores relevantes en su vocación. Se detectó una estrecha vinculación con las obras creadas. La autoevaluación de la experiencia reveló en la mitad de ellos un incremento de su creatividad, especialmente en la originalidad. Las mujeres obtuvieron cifras por sobre el promedio, especialmente en fertilidad de ideas y originalidad.

José María Artola

Sin resumen