Hasil untuk "Psychology"

Stine Lehmann, Jens Christoffer Skogen, Gro Mjeldheim Sandal et al.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a worldwide health- and societal crisis. Youth were exposed to enduring stressors. We examined types and load of stressors faced by youth, and their use of coping strategies. A population-based sample within Bergen municipality, Norway (N = 1031, 11–19 years) completed the Response to Stress Questionnaire 9 months into the pandemic. Social stressors were most frequent, with secondary control engagement being the most used coping strategy. Stress and coping strategies differed depending on sex, age, and socioeconomic status. Heightened stress were associated with primary and secondary control engagement, and disengagement. Thus, youth employed a range of coping strategies to an increasing degree with heightened levels of COVID-19 stress. The frequency of secondary control engagement aligns with the enduring uncontrollable nature of the outbreak. For future health crises, authorities should focus on social stressors experienced by youth, especially among girls, older youth, and youth with low socioeconomic status.

Rusakova, O.F., Rusakov, V.M., Moiseenko, Y.Yu.

The article aims to reveal the main features of the Bolshevik project to build the Kingdom of Reason in the USSR, associated with the radical reformatting of the relationship between the rational and irrational in the establishment of the socialist society. Theoretical sources include the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, linking the construction of a new communist society to the demystification of social relations and the elimination of alienation and reification; the writings of Vladimir Lenin and other prominent figures of the Soviet state, devoted to the organization of planned economy and the widespread implementation of rational management methods; and the works of the outstanding educator Anton Makarenko, aimed at developing and implementing the idea of educating a new Soviet person. The article posits Bolshevism (Leninism) as the Russian version of socialist transformation, inheriting its fundamental ideas from the French Enlightenment, including the concept of the Kingdom of Reason, manifested in the system of rationally organized planning, accounting, and control. However, in practice, the development of this system, taken to its extreme forms, gave rise to a number of utopian projects that became embodiments of irrational thinking. Thus, the original idea to build the Kingdom of Reason underwent a transformation into its opposite. Nevertheless, the authors of the article believe that the Soviet model of a rationally organized social structure can be considered, if not fully realized, then overall a fairly successful project of building the Kingdom of Reason in a socialist state and methodologically correct sociopedagogical system for shaping a new person.

Nikolett Szelei, Ines Devlieger, An Verelst et al.

This article investigates school belonging among migrant students and how this changed during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Drawing on quantitative data gathered from 751 migrant students in secondary schools in six European countries (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and the UK), we examined the impact of Covid‐19 school closures, social support, and post‐traumatic stress symptoms on changes in school belonging. Linear regression showed a non‐significant decrease in school belonging, and none of the studied variables had a significant effect on this change in our whole sample. However, sensitivity analysis on a subsample from three countries (Denmark, Finland, and the UK) showed a small but significant negative effect of increasing post‐traumatic stress symptoms on school belonging during Covid‐19 school closures. Given that scholarship on school belonging during Covid‐19 is emergent, this study delineates some key areas for future research on the relationship between wellbeing, school belonging, and inclusion.

B. Alansari, T. Alali

Introduction The BFI-2-S assesses the domain level of the Big Five with three prototypical facets of each domain capturing approximately 91% of the total variance in the full BFI-2 domain scales and approximately 89% of the predictive power of the BFI-2 facets in German adaptations and their original American versions. Objectives The study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Arabic adaptation of the BFI-2 short form. Methods The Arabic version of the BFI-2-S a 30-item with 15 and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO–PI-R) were administered to 1560 (576 males, 984 females) Kuwait University undergraduates with a mean age = 22.75 ± 3.81. The internal consistency reliability, factor structure, and convergent validity of the BFI-2-S with NEO–PI-R were assessed. Results Cronbach’s alpha was satisfactory for N (0.79), E (0.73), O (0.73), A (0.76) and C (0.77). Results revealed significant gender differences in O, C & E with a favor for males and in N a favor with females. PCA showed that BFI-2-S five factors explains 64.38% of the total variance. However, the high mean correlations between the BFI-2-S and NEO–PI-R scales, with coefficients of (0.67) for the N, (0.66) for the E, (0.56) for the C, (0.61) for the A, and (0.58) for the C. The convergence between each BFI-2-S domain correlated substantially with the relevant NEO-PI-R domain scales, with the average correlation being .62. Conclusions The findings support the psychometric properties of the Arabic adaptations of the BFI-2-S as useful instruments for assessing the Big Five. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Michael J. Wenger, Laura E. Murray Kolb, Samuel P. Scott et al.

João Príncipe

Durante a Primeira República Portuguesa, António Sérgio escreveu ensaios nos quais propôs um racionalismo aberto, uma pedagogia trabalhista e uma interpretação da história de Portugal, onde as circunstâncias materiais, as práticas, os interesses económicos condicionavam as atitudes mentais dos agentes históricos. Sérgio inspirou-se na filosofia do trabalho de Proudhon, interessandose pelas discussões francesas sobre a origem prática/técnica da inteligência humana e do papel da técnica no desenvolvimento científico, discussões que envolveram Bergson, Durkheim e Louis Weber. Foi a partir dessa perspectiva pragmatista que realçou o papel das navegações portuguesas e da atitude de experimentalismo, de humanismo científico, que atribuía a algumas figuras da elite portuguesa do século XVI, bem como o interesse de Galileu pelas técnicas, que favoreceu o seu desenvolvimento da nova física, conduzindo à Revolução Científica.

Pieter van der Zwan

Compared with other biblical books that are named after its main protagonist, Job mentions many (at least 72) body parts. Yet hair is explicitly referred to only once, even when it plays a relatively significant role in other books in the Hebrew Bible. This virtual absence of hair in the book can at first glance be explained by the shaving of Job’s ‘head’ as early as 1:20, using a different verb, גזז, from the one in Leviticus 13:33 and 14:8.9, גלח, where the context is that of צָרָעַת, wrongly translated as ‘leprosy’, but probably referring to the same skin problem from which Job is suffering. This connection to the skin is important, because the two body parts seem to be almost mutually exclusive, as also suggested by 1:21 immediately after the aforementioned shaving, where Job considers himself to be essentially עָרֹם [naked]. This means that hair has, amongst other functions, also a clothing-like role in the book of Job. Three questions will hence be explored: how ‘absence’ is to be psychoanalytically interpreted and more specifically, what consequences all of this has on the virtual absence of hair in the Book of Job and, finally, what relevance this absence has for the South African context. Contribution: Applying a psychoanalytical perspective to both the body and to absence, the biblical text is contextualised on a broader horizon than what the purely historical-critical approach can render. The additional African context widens the relevance of the ancient book even further.

Marian J. Lech

Artykuł omawia księgozbiór Ignacego Józefa Działyńskiego (1754-1797), generała, uczestnika wojny polsko-rosyjskiej (1792) oraz insurekcji kościuszkowskiej, działacza patriotycznego, wściela dób ziemskich. Auto wykorzystał – „Regestr rzeczy różnych po niegdy JW Ignacym hrabi Działyńskim jenerale bywszych wojsk polskich i różnych orderów polskich kawalerze, pozostałych, jako to sukien, futer, sreber, klejnotów i innych ruchomości, w ten regestr sprawiedliwie, nic nie opuszczając, wciągnionych, na groncie dóbr wsi Szumska przez uproszonych do tego dzieła przyjaciół, roku 1797 dnia 26 miesiąca nowembra [!] spisany” – przechowywany w Bibliotece Narodowej w spuściźnie Aleksandra Czołowskiego.

Daniel Ziemann

The paper is a comprehensive summary of the history of one of the most important imperial monasteries and original institution of bishop Thiddag. Author provides a very deep study of the development of the monastery during the age of the Carolingians and the Ottonians. The relationship between the abbey and the ruler was always somewhat good and important, although sometimes (especially during the rule of Otto I) not uncomplicated. The paper evaluates the information we can get from the both major saxon chronicles of the age – Widukind’s and Thietmar’s. The last part of the article summarises the information we posses about the possible role Corvey as a scholar institution of given period.

Journal of Social Ontology

N. P. Veretennikov, K. G. Yankovskaya, N. D. Bochkareva

The article analyzes the practice of using the evaluation techniques to assess the investment climate of the municipality, which will stimulate entrepreneurship. The methodology of the National Rating of the Investment Climate in the Subjects of the Russian Federation is taken as the basis for the adapted methodology. The indicators of the municipal authorities opportunities to provide conditions for attracting investments and stimulating business activity on their territory are presented. In the proposed methodology there are 34 indicators, which are divided into 4 areas: «Regulatory environment», «Business institutions», «Infrastructure and resources», «Support of small business». For each area methods of calculation of indicators are proposed considering their particular implementation in municipalities. Sources of information for calculating the indicators are statistical data, expert evaluation and surveys of local entrepreneurs. In conclusion, methodical recommendations on the use of adapted methods for assessing the investment climate and stimulating entrepreneurial activity in the municipality are given.

Karim Sevari, Maryam Falahi, Javad Cheldavi

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral program training on decreasing the aggression of fathers of students with ID. The present study was a experimental study with pretest-post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was all fathers of the elementary school ID of a district of Ahvaz in the academic year of 1983-97, totally 90. Using simple random sampling method, 20 fathers whose scores in the aggression questionnaire were 38 To the top, were selected and randomly subjected to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received training and 12 sessions of cognitive-behavioral program. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 25 questionnaires of aggression and clinical interview with observation. Data were analyzed by covariance statistical test. The results of covariance analysis showed that cognitive-behavioral cognitive training program significantly decreased aggression in fathers of fathers of experimental ID and fathers of experimental group compared to fathers of control group in post-test. Based on this, it can be concluded that behavioral cognitive program training is effective in decreasing the aggression of fathers of ID students .

Lígia Losada Tourinho, Eusébio Lôbo da Silva

Este artigo desenvolve uma refl exão sobre o conceito de estudo do movimento voltado para a preparação técnica do intérprete de dança contemporânea - entendendo a mesma como uma das possíveis artes da cena. Desenvolvemos primeiramente uma refl exão sobre a dança contemporânea, seus primórdios e infl uências. Refl etimos em seguida sobre a importância da relação do artista da cena contemporânea com seu corpo próprio e adotamos o estudo da fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty como diretriz metodológica para se pensar a dança. Este artigo parte da idéia de que o conceito de preparação corporal atual não signifi ca mais uma linguagem que o dançarino deva dominar para dançar. O conceito de estudo do movimento desenvolvido na atualidade coloca o dançarino contemporâneo dentro de um outro paradigma - a técnica como instrumento de auto-conhecimento. Não se precisa de um corpo formatado dentro de uma estética específi ca, mas um corpo disponível - energia e vida conduzida para um processo de criatividade e expressão. Dança-se com o corpo que se tem, com seu corpo próprio, e não com o corpo que se imagina ter

María Verónica Galfione

Vanessa Ferreira Franco

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a consciência e a sua possibilidade de transformação. A partir da premissa de que artistas e místicos são uma ótima população para estudar esse fenômeno, foi enfocada a vivência do artista Bob Marley no contexto da sua religião: rastafari. O modelo ampliado de cartografia da psique de Stanislav Grof dentro da psicologia transpessoal serviu como sustentação teórica para a análise desse fenômeno. Tendo como hipótese que o símbolo é revelador da psicodinâmica da consciência, questionou-se se a mandala que aparece no disco de Bob Marley Confrontation revela uma possibilidade de transformação e se esta pode ser avaliada dentro de um determinado nível de consciência. Foi possível identificar que o símbolo da mandala revela a transformação da consciência de Bob Marley em um nível transpessoal, servindo como sustentação para as novas estruturas psíquicas que emergem com essa transformação. Entendendo o simbolismo da mandala como a luta do herói para renascer diante da morte e de um estado de opressão, a psicologia transpessoal ressalta que a vivência de Bob Marley pode ser vista como legítima e transformadora, uma vez que conta com dispositivos protetores e não defensivos, que fazem dessa vivência uma experiência integrada e psiquicamente saudável.

Yoshimasa eSeki, Yoshimasa eSeki, Kenta eSuzuki et al.

The abilities of animals and humans to extract rules from sound sequences have previously been compared using observation of spontaneous responses and conditioning techniques. However, the results were inconsistently interpreted across studies possibly due to methodological and/or species differences. Therefore, we examined the strategies for discrimination of sound sequences in Bengalese finches and humans using the same protocol. Birds were trained on a GO/NOGO task to discriminate between two categories of sound stimulus generated based on an AAB or ABB rule. The sound elements used were taken from a variety of male (M) and female (F) calls, such that the sequences could be represented as MMF and MFF. In test sessions, FFM and FMM sequences, which were never presented in the training sessions but conformed to the rule, were presented as probe stimuli. The results suggested two discriminative strategies were being applied: 1) memorizing sound patterns of either GO or NOGO stimuli and generating the appropriate responses for only those sounds; and 2) using the repeated element as a cue. There was no evidence that the birds successfully extracted the abstract rule (i.e. AAB and ABB); MMF-GO subjects did not produce a GO response for FFM and vice versa. Next we examined whether those strategies were also applicable for human participants on the same task. The results and questionnaires revealed that participants extracted the abstract rule, and most of them employed it to discriminate the sequences. This strategy was never observed in bird subjects, although some participants used strategies similar to the birds when responding to the probe stimuli. Our results showed that the human participants applied the abstract rule in the task even without instruction but Bengalese finches did not, thereby reconfirming that humans have to extract abstract rules from sound sequences that is distinct from non-human animals.

Marcia Leticia Ruíz Cansino, Ma. Del Rosario Contreras Villarreal, Luis Humberto Garza Vázquez

The present work deals with autobiographic memory, educative background and gender roles. It is based in socio–cultural psychology research supporting the relationship between context and the development of cognitive processes. 96 structured interviews were made in Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas to men and women with different educative background: literacy, basic education and university, they ranged between 30 and 55 years old. Personal recollections analysis is based in the categories proposed by Wang (Wang 2001, Wang y Conway 2004). Roles of main characters present in the autobiographical narratives were also investigated using family, educational, work, recreational, and sport contexts. The results shows that women childhood narratives centered in social themes, it has more emotional expresions and the roles are related to child care, domestic work and the enjoyment of school work. Men narratives content is about their own wishes and interests, it has less emotional verbal expressions, they are prone to help with child care but not with domestic work, besides, they show a bigger interest in sports. It was also found that the greater the educative background, the larger the narrative production.

Renaud Tarlet

Poser un regard anthropologique sur le concert symphonique amène à le considérer comme un rituel, à savoir comme une pratique collectivement instituée où le groupe s’affirme à lui-même. Ce rituel, l’anthropologie structurale nous a appris à l’appréhender comme la manifestation d’un système symbolique, système de classement inconscient de la réalité porté par la société où il se déroule. Mais si l’appréhension structuraliste offre des outils inestimables pour le replacer dans son contexte social, elle échoue selon nous à pénétrer son sens le plus profond, qui ne saurait se limiter à un acte de classement et d’explication du monde. Ainsi, poser la question de la sacralité dans le concert symphonique nous semble être une piste féconde afin de comprendre que ce rituel, parmi d’autres, permet à la société de projeter ses angoisses dans un en-dehors d’elle même dont elle est créatrice, afin qu’elles lui reviennent porteuses de sens. Dès lors, les modifications du statut de la sacralité dans ce rituel permettraient d’interroger des éléments de crise sociale et de représentations présents aussi, par homologie, dans le discours politique ou dans d’autres sphères de l’activité sociale. Le sacré ne serait donc pas seulement le voile de l’aliénation et de la domination : il serait au contraire indispensable à l’existence de groupes humains. Dès lors, la question de la liberté humaine et de la politique se poserait en termes de régimes plus ou moins critiques, distanciés et réflexifs de la sacralité.

Erdmann von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff

A biblioteca de Nietzsche e a biblioteca do antigo Arquivo-Nietzsche de Weimar são hoje parte efetiva do Acervo-Nietzsche da Biblioteca Herzogin Anna Amalia em Weimar de Weimar. Ambas as bibliotecas são aqui apresentadas em um esboço histórico.

Bertrand Russell

Tres pasiones, simples, pero abrumadoramente intensas, han gobernado mi vida: el ansia de amor, la búsqueda del conocimiento y una insoportable piedad por el sufrimiento de la Humanidad. Estas tres pasiones, como grandes vendavales, me han llevado de acá para allá, por una ruta cambiante, sobre un profundo océano de angustia, hasta el borde mismo de la desesperación.