Hasil untuk "Mechanical industries"

Mehedi Hassan Pranta, Haeng Muk Cho, Anik Biswas et al.

This study uses high-fidelity 3D computational fluid dynamics in ANSYS Forte to investigate the combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel blends (B20, B50, B75) relative to a baseline diesel (D100). Using a well-characterized n-decane/methyl decanoate binary surrogate, the research systematically explores the thermodynamic impacts of a wide compression ratio (CR) sweep (11:1 to 18:1) from the chemical dilution effects of varying exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) levels. Results indicate that higher biodiesel fractions extend the physical ignition delay and reduce brake power, with the B75 blend exhibiting a 17.48% reduction compared to diesel. Increasing the CR to 18:1 significantly elevates peak cylinder pressure and temperature, with B20 reaching 13.59 MPa and 2913 K. Conversely, applying 20% EGR to the B50 blend at the baseline CR effectively suppresses these thermodynamic peaks by 14.01% and 20.62%, respectively. This EGR-induced thermal suppression achieves a minimum NOx emission of 0.61 g/kg-fuel for B50, representing a 99.58% reduction relative to the baseline. Furthermore, the inherent oxygenated nature of the B50 blend demonstrates significant reductions in carbon monoxide (46.3%) and unburned hydrocarbon (50.18%) emissions compared to D100. While elevated CR and EGR levels generally dampen the peak heat release rate (HRR), the B50 blend demonstrates a notable 52.21% HRR intensification at CR 15 due to complex shifts in spatial combustion phasing. Ultimately, these findings highlight the fundamental 3D in-cylinder trade-offs between thermal efficiency and the formation of kinetic emissions, establishing the need to co-optimize CR and EGR strategies for advanced biodiesel-fueled engines.

Miao Yu, Lida Zhu, Zhichao Yang et al.

Artificial intelligence provides novel perspectives for laser metal additive manufacturing (LMAM), enhancing precision, efficiency, and structural and process optimization. Machine learning-assisted process–structure–property correlation in additive manufacturing (ML-PSP-AM) presents an effective pathway for structural innovation and performance optimization, leveraging automation and intelligence to address the growing processing demands across industries. This review differs from the existing literature by presenting a multi-scale, PSP-centered analysis of ML applications in LMAM, integrating discussions that span from processing-driven macro-scale formation to meso/micro-scale defect prediction and microstructure–property relationships. By evaluating state-of-the-art ML applications across various AM stages, we identify current limitations, propose targeted strategies, and outline opportunities to improve accuracy, minimize defects, and enhance mechanical properties such as strength and fatigue life. The advancement of ML-assisted AM should focus on breakthroughs from “0 to 1” in application and innovations from “1 to ∞” in algorithms. The realization of ML-PSP-AM represents a transformative yet disruptive integration of manufacturing engineering, artificial intelligence, and materials science, driving significant progress in modern manufacturing technologies.

G. Jeevi, S. Nayak, M. Abdul Kader

Abstract Composites have been used extensively in various engineering applications including automotive, aerospace, and building industries. Hybrid composites made from two or more different reinforcements show enhanced mechanical properties required for advanced engineering applications. Several issues in composites were resolved during the last few years through the development of new materials, new methods and models for hybrid joints. Many components in automobile are joined together either by permanent or temporary fastener such as rivets, welding joint and adhesively bonded joints. Increasing use of bonded structures is envisaged for reducing fastener count and riveted joints and there by drastically reducing assembly cost. Adhesive bonding has been applied successfully in many technologies. In this paper, scientific work on adhesively bonded composites and hybrid composites are reviewed and discussed. Several parameters such as surface treatment, joint configuration, material properties, geometric parameters, failure modes, etc. that affect the performance of adhesive bonded joints are discussed. Environmental factors like pre-bond moisture and temperature, method of adhesive application are also cited in detail. A specific case of adhesive joints in hybrid bonded-bolted joints is elaborated. As new applications are expanding in the field of composites joining and adhesive joints, it is imperative to use information on multiple adhesives and their behaviour in different environmental conditions to develop improved adhesive joint structure in mechanical applications.

O. Sigmund

Wei Cui, Mingzhu Li, Jiyang Liu et al.

Yvan Ayuketah, Milton Edimu, Cosmas Mwikirize

Abstract Several countries have renewable energy portfolios aimed at reducing energy sector emissions while diversifying their generation mixes. A cornerstone in these global portfolios is solar photovoltaics (PV) which offer a mature and rapidly deployable solution. Selecting optimal sites for utility-scale solar PV projects remains a complex challenge, requiring the integration of technical, economic, environmental and social criteria. This study proposes a hybrid decision-making framework that embeds financial viability metrics such as net present value (NPV) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions savings into multi-criteria analysis. The framework integrates RETScreen Expert for technoeconomic evaluation, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for criteria weighting, and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solutions (TOPSIS) for ranking alternatives. Applied to fourteen locations in the Southern Interconnected Grid in Cameroon, the model considers a hypothetical 10MW grid-connected solar PV plant. Results identify Baffousam as the optimal location due to its higher solar potential, favorable land use, and grid proximity. Sensitivity analysis reveals the influence of subjectivity weighting in AHP, with land use criterion contributing significantly to site selection, underscoring the need for stakeholder engagement. By bridging traditional energy planning tools (RETScreen) with MCDM techniques, this study addresses a critical gap in existing frameworks which often neglect the time value of money and financial viability. The modular design allows adaptation to regional priorities, offering policy makers and investors a replicable blueprint for emerging economies. This approach advances sustainable energy transitions while balancing technical, economic, and environmental priorities in site selection.

Alok Kumar Singh

The intermittent nature of solar power generation makes battery storage essential in standalone Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) systems. Typically, battery systems are placed on the direct current (DC) side, after the boost converter, to manage surplus or deficit power generated by the SPV system, using a Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHBMLI) topology. This paper proposes an alternative approach where a common battery bank is used on the alternating current (AC) side, instead of the DC side, to minimize the need for multiple controllers. A single bidirectional converter with a battery energy management system is implemented between the multilevel inverter and the AC side to regulate the AC output voltage while ensuring the load's power demand is met. The proposed SPV system, which includes voltage control via a cascaded H-bridge 7-level inverter and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), is implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) using the Xilinx System Generator (XSG) for Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulations. The XSG automatically generates the VHDL code for sliding mode control, which is embedded in the FPGA. The Spartan 3E FPGA development board, along with the MATLAB/Simulink environment, is used for the HIL simulation.

Jörg Radtke, Weert Canzler

Abstract The transformation of mobility and transport infrastructure is emerging as one of the defining societal challenges of the twenty-first century. This editorial introduces the Special Issue on “Sustainable Mobility Transitions: (New) Pathways of Future Energy Systems” from a social science perspective, bringing together interdisciplinary insights on the political, institutional, and communicative dimensions of transport transition. Drawing on case studies from Germany and international contexts, the contributions of this Special Issue critically examine how governance structures—particularly parliamentary oversight and public participation—shape infrastructure planning and mobility policy. The discussion situates transport behavior within broader socio-technical systems and highlights the entrenched dominance of automobility, spatial legacies of car-centered urban planning, and the habitual routines that sustain private car use. At the same time, we identify new pathways for transformation, including innovations in sustainable and multimodal transport, participatory governance tools, and experimental urban interventions. The authors argue that overcoming the inertia of automobility requires not only technological and legal reforms but also compelling narratives, inclusive planning processes, and adaptive regulatory frameworks. In conclusion, the editorial underscores the importance for a renewed commitment to democratic legitimacy, institutional learning, and spatial justice in the governance of mobility and transport infrastructure.

Saaif Showkat, Ghulam Ashraful Harmain, Junaid Hassan Masoodi

Cavitation is a critical challenge which significantly affects performance of hydro turbines leading to inefficient operation. Cavitation primarily arises due to improper design and frequent variations in operating conditions. Prediction or maintaining cavitation within controlled limits is crucial and challenging task in turbines yet it is essential for employing effective mitigation strategies to ensure the efficient and reliable operation of turbines. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of Francis turbine runner employed at DulHasti Power Station (DPS) was conducted using Ansys CFX for 3 different loading conditions (Underload, Full load and Over load) to identify and mitigate cavitation prone areas. Blade loading profiles were analysed to detect the sudden pressure drops responsible for manifesting cavitation and Elliptic Ratio, the key blade design parameter was optimized to control sudden pressure drops and enhance cavitation resistance of runner. The effectiveness of the modified design was validated using Thoma’s cavitation number to ensure improved resistance against cavitation. Our study concluded that the modified runner exhibited reduced cavitation intensity demonstrating the potential for improved operational reliability. This novel framework, optimizing the elliptic ratio of blade to mitigate cavitation, establishes a benchmark for cavitation control in Francis turbine and can be extended to other reaction turbines as well.

Xiao Zhang, Hui Ni, Xiangming Xu et al.

The utilization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), a renewable and eco-friendly nanomaterial, has emerged as the favored option for sustainable fillers. This paper presents diverse methods for CNCs preparation, including acid hydrolysis, oxidation, mechanical method, enzymatic hydrolysis, solvent method and hybrid approach. The strategies for modifying CNCs can be summarized as encompassing physical adsorption through non-covalent bond interactions and chemical modifications via covalent bonding. Moreover, the applications of CNCs in sensing systems, electronic skin devices, packaging materials, electronics industries, stabilizers and cosmetics are discussed with a particular emphasis on their contribution to enhancing polymer matrix properties. Lastly, future prospects for the advancement of CNCs are explored with a focus on its potential impact on sustainability efforts.

Xinjia Gao, Ran Li, Siqi Chen et al.

The advent of novel power systems, predominantly reliant on renewable energy sources such as wind and photovoltaics, has precipitated a surge in demand for energy storage solutions. Buildings are undergoing a metamorphosis, emerging as pivotal actors in the realm of electricity generation and consumption, with vast untapped potential for energy storage. However, current research is marred by a dearth of quantitative methodologies for assessing the existing virtual energy storage (VES) resources within building contexts. As a result, it is challenging to provide an accurate evaluation of their potential value and components. In this study, an equivalent battery model is employed, comprising parameters such as equivalent charging and discharging power and energy storage capacity. Integration of VES into traditional energy storage(TES) frameworks. The potential and composition of VES resources within the building area is analyzed. Then, the VES potential of vehicle-to-home system and heat pumps and building thermal capacity are analyzed for winter electric heating in Beijing. The results show that VES system is capable of delivering a maximum equivalent charging power of 432.816 kW, a maximum equivalent discharging power of 385.376 kW, and an equivalent energy storage capacity of 2165.64 kWh. VES can effectively participate in energy management in rural electric heating through rational design and scheduling. No configuration of TES is required. The objective of this work energy planning in the building sector is to provide practical quantitative tools and strategies. It provides guidance on the design and optimization of future distributed energy systems.

Suman Kumar Das

India's growing population and economy have significantly increased the demand and consumption of natural resources. As a result, the potential benefits of transitioning to a circular economic model have been extensively discussed and debated among various Indian stakeholders, including policymakers, industry leaders, and environmental advocates. Despite the numerous initiatives, policies, and transnational strategic partnerships of the Indian government, most small and medium enterprises in India face significant challenges in implementing circular economy practices. This is due to the lack of a clear pathway to measure the current state of the circular economy in Indian industries and the absence of a framework to address these challenges. This paper examines the circularity of the 93-textile industry in India using the C-Readiness Tool. The analysis comprehensively identified 9 categories with 34 barriers to adopting circular economy principles in the textile sector through a narrative literature review. The identified barriers were further compared against the findings from a C-readiness tool assessment, which revealed prominent challenges related to supply chain coordination, consumer engagement, and regulatory compliance within the industry's circularity efforts. In response to these challenges, the article proposes a strategic roadmap that leverages digital technologies to drive the textile industry towards a more sustainable and resilient industrial model.

Ayesha Abid, Muhammad Jazib, Muhammad Riaz

This paper highlights the significance of resource-constrained Internet of Things (RCD-IoT) systems in addressing the challenges faced by industries with limited resources. This paper presents an energy-efficient solution for industries to monitor and control their utilities remotely. Integrating intelligent sensors and IoT technologies, the proposed RCD-IoT system aims to revolutionize industrial monitoring and control processes, enabling efficient utilization of resources.The proposed system utilized the IEEE 802.15.4 WiFi Protocol for seamless data exchange between Sensor Nodes. This seamless exchange of information was analyzed through Packet Tracer. The system was equipped with a prototyped, depicting analytical chemical process to analyze the significant performance metrics. System achieved average Round trip time (RTT) of just 12ms outperforming the already existing solutions presented even with higher Quality of Service (QoS) under the transmission of 1500 packets/seconds under different line of sight (LOS) and Non line of sight (NLOS) fadings.

Giovanna Takano Natti, Érica Regina Takano Natti, Paulo Laerte Natti

We present a review of the current and future industrial applications of neutrinos. We address the industrial applications of neutrinos in geological and geochemical studies of the Earth's interior, in monitoring earthquakes, in terrestrial communications, in applications for submarines, in monitoring nuclear power plants and fusion reactors, in the management of fissile materials used in nuclear plants, in tracking nuclear tests, among other applications. We also address future possibilities for industrial applications of neutrinos, especially concerning communications in the solar system and geotomography of solar system bodies.

U. L. Opara, P. Pathare

Isabela de Andrade Arruda Fernandes, A. C. Pedro, Valéria Rampazzo Ribeiro et al.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer of great significance to the medical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. However, a high concentration of carbon sources (mainly glucose) and other culture media components is usually required to promote a significant yield of BC, which increases the bioprocess cost. Thus, optimization strategies (conventional or statistical) have become relevant for the cost-effective production of bacterial cellulose. Additionally, this biopolymer may present new properties through modifications with exogenous compounds. The present review, explores and discusses recent studies (last five years) that report the optimization of BC production and its yield as well as in situ and ex situ modifications, resulting in improved mechanical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of BC for new applications.

Renu Singh, A. Shukla, S. Tiwari et al.

Sumedha M. Amaraweera, C. Gunathilake, O. H. P. Gunawardene et al.

Starch is one of the most common biodegradable polymers found in nature, and it is widely utilized in the food and beverage, bioplastic industry, paper industry, textile, and biofuel industries. Starch has received significant attention due to its environmental benignity, easy fabrication, relative abundance, non-toxicity, and biodegradability. However, native starch cannot be directly used due to its poor thermo-mechanical properties and higher water absorptivity. Therefore, native starch needs to be modified before its use. Major starch modification techniques include genetic, enzymatic, physical, and chemical. Among those, chemical modification techniques are widely employed in industries. This review presents comprehensive coverage of chemical starch modification techniques and genetic, enzymatic, and physical methods developed over the past few years. In addition, the current applications of chemically modified starch in the fields of packaging, adhesives, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, superabsorbent and wastewater treatment have also been discussed.

Sudhanshu Tripathi, Devraj Singh, Rajesh Kumar Saluja et al.

Yukun Pan, Qianying Guo, Zhangping Hu et al.

Nb-lean Cu–Cr–Nb alloys have been widely applied in electrical industries as the structural conductive material owing to their excellent combination of the mechanical and electrical properties at room temperature. In this work, the influence of temperature during fast sintering and post-heat treatment strategies on the precipitate evolution and room temperature mechanical properties of the Cu–3Cr-0.5Nb (wt.%) alloy was investigated. The increasing sintering temperature will improve the density and mechanical properties of the alloy without any obvious grain growth during this non-equilibrium process, while the post-aging at lower and higher temperatures can effectively control the formation and coarsening process of the Cr-based precipitates. Systematic characterization was then conducted on the microstructural evolution, especially the altering precipitates’ size and distribution, in the alloy at both as-sintered and the aged conditions, which is correlated to its room temperature tensile properties. Lower aging temperature will induce the nucleation of the new Cr2Nb precipitates without causing a significant coarsening of the existing precipitates like aging at higher temperature. Therefore, the low-temp. aged sample exhibits the highest tensile strength and elongation due to the enhanced Orowan strengthening mechanism induced by its unique precipitate microstructure.