Hasil untuk "Labor. Work. Working class"

Fredrik Thue

Enrico Maestri, Giorgio Manfré

Il saggio analizza, da una prospettiva sociologico-giuridica, la trasformazione della normatività nella società digitale, assumendo il codice informatico come vettore primario di regolazione sociale. L’indagine si colloca nel solco del code-based approach sviluppato da Lawrence Lessig, riformulandone criticamente i presupposti attraverso l’apporto della teoria dei sistemi di Niklas Luhmann e della teoria degli agenti software di Gunther Teubner, con particolare attenzione ai concetti di autopoiesi normativa, collisione tra razionalità parziali e attanti tecnici non umani. Viene proposta una tassonomia dei modelli di regolazione tecno-digitale – Lex Informatica, Lex Algorithmica, Lex ex Machina, Lex Cryptographica – ed esaminate le ricadute normative di tale trasformazione, interrogando l’efficacia delle recenti risposte legislative europee (GDPR, DSA, DMA, AI Act), interpretate come tentativi di riappropriazione giuridica dello spazio digitale. Nella parte conclusiva, l’attenzione si sposta verso il profilo soggettivo di Code is Law, concentrandosi sulla figura del minore, intesa come soggettività fragile, computazionalmente costruita e normata da dispositivi performativi. Il minore, in quanto attante esposto e punto funzionale di una normatività opaca, rappresenta dunque oggi il luogo critico in cui si misura la tenuta del diritto come istituzione capace di nominare, proteggere e riconoscere la persona. L’obiettivo è descrivere l’efficacia conformativa degli ambienti digitali nella formazione dell’identità minorile e nella riconfigurazione della tutela giuridica.

Volodymyr Batalyuk, Volodymyr Kharabara, Olena Chaikovska et al.

Мета роботи: аналіз правового регулювання військового резерву людських ресурсів провідних держав світу, вивчення досвіду і можливостей його адаптації до потреб України в умовах сучасних викликів. Метод дослідження: теоретичний аналіз, якісний аналіз, порівняльний аналіз. Результати дослідження: проведено аналіз правових основ і практик формування військового резерву людських ресурсів в провідних країнах світу та запропоновано рекомендації для України. Теоретична цінність дослідження: результати дослідження розширюють теоретичні знання щодо організації та функціонування військового резерву. Практична цінність дослідження: в межах дослідження розроблено рекомендації для подальшого вдосконалення комплектування сил оборони. Оригінальність/Цінність дослідження: наведено порівняльний аналіз  формування та функціонування військового резерву людських ресурсів в США, Туреччині, Південній Кореї та Ізраїлі. Майбутні дослідження: підвищення ефективності комплектування сил оборони резервістами військового оперативного резерву.

Hajar Mohammadi, Ismaeel Mazrooi Nasrabadi, Zahra Sadeqi Aranni

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to identify, modeling and scenario analysis of the acceptance factors of the Internet of Things in the supply chain of Iranian businesses. Methodology: To conduct this research, we used both qualitative and quantitative strategies combined. The statistical population in both stages consisted of experts; besides, judgmental and snowball sampling methods were used. In the first stage, acceptance factors were identified through semi-structured interviews. In the second stage, using fuzzy cognitive mapping approach, the acceptance factors were modeled, and the scenario was analyzed. Findings: The results of the first phase show 58 factors of Internet of Things acceptance, which are categorized into 17 sub-themes and 5 main themes. The second-stage results show that the theme of expertise enjoys the highest degree of influence, then the theme of technology readiness comes next. Also, the overlapping of forward and backward scenarios indicates the importance of expertise and technological readiness. Originality: Since there is little understanding of the factors affecting the acceptance of the Internet of Things at the supply chain level of Iranian businesses, this research has been able to add to the literature of this field and to fill the gap by identifying, modeling, and analyzing the scenario of these factors. Implications: Changing recruitment and hiring policies to find and hire qualified personnel, using in-service training tools, and having access to a technological roadmap are the most important strategies of the supply chain, which can lead to organizational expertise and readiness.

Guillermo Rodríguez Iniesta

La gestión y control de la incapacidad temporal en los primeros 365 días se encuentra normada en el RD 1060/2022, de 27 de diciembre y en la Orden ESS/1187/2015, que recientemente ha sido objeto de importantes reformas por el RD 1060/2022, 27 diciembre y por la Orden ISM/2/2023. El estudio partirá de un breve análisis de las situaciones previas a la reforma y de las novedades que esta comporta.

Olaolorunpo Olorunfemi, Ifedun Rachael Awe, Gbemisola Bolanle Ogbeye et al.

Background: Many human rights issues addressed by various right conventions center on breastfeeding. One of these is the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which outlines fundamental human rights for children, such as the right to life, the right to develop to their full potential, and the right to be protected from harmful influences. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the elements affecting working-class women's exclusive breastfeeding. Materials and Methods: The sample size (n = 196) for a descriptive cross-sectional study that ran from September 2022 to December 2022 was determined using a multistage sampling procedure. Tables, percentages, and Chi-square test statistics were employed at the 0.05 level of significance to examine the data using the Statistical Package Service Software (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: 48% of the respondents were within the age of 30 and 39 years. The majority of respondents (98%) identified the following factors as influencing the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among working-class women: job (93.9%), sore nipple (86.2%), insufficient lactation (43.9%), nipple not prominent (15.8%), not allowed by work (93.9%), breast milk alone before 6 months does not satisfy my baby (58.7%), lack of support from husband (67.9%), mother-in-law (76.5%), as well as inadequate maternity leave (67.9%) as the factors influencing the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among working-class women. In addition, this study shows a significant correlation between working-class women's Knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding and age (Chi-square = 6.016, df = 3, P = 0.024) and the number of children they had (Chi-square = 5.816, df = 3, P = 0.011). Conclusions: This study therefore suggests, among other things, that the state and federal Ministries of Labor and Employment set up childcare for the infant close to the mothers' places of employment to allow their babies to be brought to the workplace or breastfeeding mothers to go to the childcare facility at the time of breastfeeding.

Beatriz Rodrigues Carrijo, Leandrea Vanusa Lopes

Este artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre a importância da destinação correta dos resíduos sólidos, com enfoque no descarte de medicamentos e o papel que a educação ambiental tem nesse processo. A ação extensionista foi realizada no município de Francisco Beltrão, Paraná junto à Farmácia Municipal na Unidade Básica de Saúde Padre Ulrico. Após aquisição de dados, foi realizada uma campanha educativa buscando orientar a população acerca da importância do tema e dos problemas ambientais causados pela destinação incorreta dos medicamentos. Como resultado, foi elaborado um banner, que foi fixado no setor de atendimento da Farmácia Municipal, além de panfletos para distribuição à população, e divulgação do trabalho por meio de entrevistas em emissora de rádio e jornal.

Manos Matsaganis, Georgios Manalis

The NextGenerationEU plan is a golden opportunity for those Member States that were most badly hit, first, by the debt crisis, and then by the Covid-19 pandemic. Greece, one of the largest beneficiaries in per capita terms, is due to receive very significant resources that can help arrest the decline of the 2010s. Can these resources be spent wisely and efficiently enough to kickstart the process of inclusive and sustainable growth? This paper briefly reviews the Greek National Recovery and Resilience Plan (Greece 2.0), assessing its potential contribution to upgrading the economy’s growth model, enhancing skills, boosting employment and improving social services.

Jan Jaap Rothuizen

Anne-Marie Daune-Richard

Danilo Seithi Kato, Nilva Lúcia Lombardi Sales, Fernanda Coutinho Sabino Scoralick

A Política Nacional de Extensão Universitária (2012) aponta para a necessidade de priorizar ações voltadas para o desenvolvimento, produção e valorização cultural e artística como importantes para afirmação de identidades nacionais e de suas manifestações regionais. Partindo desta premissa, a presente análise tem o objetivo de apresentar o processo de implementação de uma gestão pública de cultura no Centro Cultural da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM) e, a partir da experiência, realizar reflexões de cunho prático-teórico, apontando caminhos para o estreitamento das relações entre arte e cultura populares e os aspectos da formação próprios da atividade fim das instituições de ensino superior no Brasil. A partir de uma investigação qualitativa, construída de um questionário online com questões abertas e fechadas, apresentamos um “mapeamento cultural” realizado em dois momentos, em um intervalo de doze meses, com servidores técnico-administrativos, professores e alunos. Assim, discutimos os dados dessa consulta como base empírica para avaliar os projetos estruturantes e propor desdobramentos das ações culturais extensionistas, visando uma universidade mais aberta à produção, fruição e formação desde um ponto de vista de uma política de cultura que valorize a diversidade e os diálogos interculturais.

Sanna Rouhiainen

Frank Juul Agerholm

Dr. Ayesha Kamal Butt

Ad Knotter

Em todo o mundo, empresas de mineração defrontaram-se com a escassez de mão de obra e tiveram de encontrar maneiras de recrutar um número suficiente de trabalhadores para as suas minas. As soluções adotadas variaram desde o envolvimento de camponeses em tempo parcial, cooptação de trabalhadores mediada por empreiteiros de mão de obra, sistemas de trabalho forçado, e até migração nacional e internacional sob regulação estatal. A importância desses tipos de “intervenção institucional” na mobilização de mão de obra para as minas de carvão é ilustrada com exemplos de diferentes partes do mundo. Os esforços para encontrar novos trabalhadores para as minas muitas vezes resultaram no recrutamento de grupos étnicos considerados de status social inferior, não só porque de origem rural e não qualificados, mas também porque vistos como inferiores do ponto de vista cultural ou étnico. Nesse aspecto, houve uma enorme diferença com relação à imigração e à fixação de mineiros qualificados, como os da Grã-Bretanha e de outros países. Diferenças étnicas eram associadas frequentemente à diversidade de status e de conhecimento técnico do ofício. Embora existam muitos exemplos de solidariedade e de cooperação interétnica, dependendo do período e das circunstâncias, as diferenças podem ter um efeito profundo sobre as relações sociais em comunidades mineiras.

Tove Midtsundstad, Hanne Bogen

A main objective of European governments is to reduce the number of early retirees, either by reforming pension systems or promoting active aging in working life. The importance of formulating a coherent personnel policy for all age groups is increasingly recognized by employers. However, there is still a lack of knowledge as how to strategically cope with an aging labor force. The aim of this article is to define and discuss a number of challenges arising from workplace-related active aging policies. We in particular discuss how an emphasis on economic incentives and gains (“senior goods”) may give rise to unanticipated side effects for the employers as well as the employees. The article is based on results from two recent studies: one study examining six Norwegian municipalities with seemingly good practices in work-related old age policies, and another examining such policies in eight establishments in four different industries.

Luciana Wollmann

Resenha do livro: LEAL, Murilo. A Reinvenção da classe trabalhadora (1953-1964). Campinas: Editora da Unicamp, 2011, 520 p.

Sepideh Nazi, Faranak Aliabadi, Bahare Maghfouri

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the fine motor development between Low Birth Weight (LBW) infants and Normal Birth Weight infants (NBW) at the age of 8-12 months by using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2 (PDMS-2) . Methods: This was a non experimental and cross sectional study which was conducted on the 18 LBW infants and 14 normal infants. By referring to the profile of infants in NICU of Aliasghar Hospital, those with defined inclusion criteria was recognized (case group). The normal weight infants, randomly selected from Health Center of that hospital, matched with case group for date of birth. After completing the questionnaire about demographic variables, their gross motor development was assessed with PDMS-2. Finally the scores of the motor quotient were analyzed by independent t-test statistical method. Results: There was a significant difference between Fine motor quotient of groups (P=0.007). Discussion: This study showed that LBW infants are significantly lower than normal weight infants in attaining Fine motor skills. It means that the LBW infants are more prone to developmental difficulties.

Frieda Finlay, Anne Lawlor, Ray McConkey et al.

<p><strong>Purpose</strong></p><p>Respite care is generally thought to benefit family carers of persons with intellectual disabilities and is regarded as an important component of family-centred services.  However, the complexities associated with the provision of such services, from the carer’s perspective, have been rarely investigated.</p><p><strong>Method</strong></p><p>This qualitative research study was carried out through a participatory action research process that involved collaboration among researchers and family members as co-researchers.  Seven focus groups, involving seventy family carers (fifty mothers, fifteen fathers and five sisters), were held in seven locations across the Republic of Ireland.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Results</strong></p><p>Three main themes dominated the discussions.  The first theme related to the ambivalence of carers towards using respite services, as expressed in their reluctance to relinquish care-giving for even a short period; the feelings of guilt they experienced; and the greater needs of other carers.  The second theme related to the benefits of respite breaks, but these were solely with respect to the carer and other family members, rather than to the person with an intellectual disability.  The third theme regarding the quality of provision was dominated by concerns for the care the person received in using the services.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p><p>Respite care has the potential to make a difference, and these findings call for building much- needed alliances between all members of the family and professionals.  This is in order to support one another through the difficulties associated with the redesign of existing respite provision, and the extension of these services to the growing number of carers who require respite breaks.</p><p>doi 10.5463/DCID.v22i2.22</p><p><strong>Key words</strong></p><p>Intellectual disability, respite, family members, Ireland</p><strong><br /></strong><p> </p>