Hasil untuk "Human settlements. Communities"

Jesús Arturo Bracamonte-Terán, Diana Meza-Figueroa, Leticia García-Rico

Abstract High levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in agricultural soils pose significant ecological and human health risks, particularly in arid regions where dust exposure is frequent. This study aims to quantify the spatial distribution, enrichment patterns, and ecological and health risks of five PTEs (As, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) in agricultural soils from the Hermosillo Coast, Mexico, a region with intensive agrochemical use and vulnerable migrant communities, and where the Green Revolution began in the 1940s. We evaluated historical pollution in 50 soil samples (< 20 μm) from 10 fields using Igeo, EF, HQ, and CR indices. Arsenic, Pb, and Zn exceeded background, with As reaching up to 32 mg/kg and Cr up to 132 mg/kg. Hotspots occurred near rural communities (sites 4 and 9). Igeo and EF showed strong anthropogenic enrichment of As (EF up to 32), while Cr displayed minimal enrichment. Non-carcinogenic risk remained below the safety threshold (HI < 1) for both adults and children, although As ingestion in children reached 50% of the allowable limit. Carcinogenic risk exceeded recommended thresholds, with Cr showing TCR up to 1.18 × 10− 3 in children (100% above acceptable limits) and As reaching 8.98 × 10− 5. The spatial clustering of high As and Cr risks near populated agricultural settlements highlights a critical need for targeted management, including soil monitoring, agrochemical regulation, and community-level interventions to reduce dust exposure. These results provide an evidence-based framework for designing human health risk mitigation strategies in arid agricultural regions.

Leonardo Loyolla Coelho

Wilfred Ochieng Omollo

Urbanisation across sub-Saharan Africa is transforming the spatial structure of secondary towns, often generating uneven and fragmented growth. A key manifestation of this process is intra-urban dualism, where well-planned, affluent neighbourhoods coexist with densely populated, poorly regulated settlements. This spatial divide undermines orderly growth, deepens inequality, and places pressure on urban infrastructure. In Kenya, intra-urban dualism is increasingly evident, yet limited research has explored how it influences land-use transformation and sustainable development. Addressing this research gap is essential to understand how spatial inequalities shape urban growth trajectories and to guide equitable planning interventions. This study examines intra-urban dualism and land-use transformation in Kisii town, western Kenya, focusing on the contrasting neighbourhoods of Milimani (a low-density planned area) and Jogoo (a high-density unregulated settlement). Land-use and land-cover changes from 2005 to 2024 were analysed and projected to 2044, using ArcGIS Pro and QGIS. Building density, plot size compliance, and coverage ratios were quantified and validated through a one-sample t-test. Results show that Milimani has largely retained its planned form, whereas Jogoo has undergone rapid, unregulated densification driven by weak development control and fragmented land ownership. The study recommends data-driven, geospatially informed development control supported by adaptive zoning, participatory monitoring, blockchain-based permitting, and resilience audits to promote sustainable, inclusive, and transparent urban growth.

Shoffin Nahwa Utama, Wahyu Hariyanto, Nurizal Dwi Priandani

The transition to renewable energy is a strategic response to the global energy crisis and climate change. A community service project was conducted to promote energy independence for the Red Tilapia Intensive System (REDTIS) community by installing solar panels. Utilizing the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) method, the initiative involved installing two solar panels with a total capacity of 200 WP, a 100 AH battery, a 30 A solar charge controller, and a 500 Watt inverter to power a 100-Watt aerator. The project began with community asset identification, renewable energy analysis, system design, installation, and performance monitoring. The solar panel system generated an average of 1 kWh daily, covering approximately 41.3 percent of the aerator's 2.4 kWh daily energy requirement. This reduced reliance on conventional energy, lowering electricity costs and carbon emissions. While the solar panels did not fully meet the aerator's energy needs, the initiative demonstrated significant potential for scalability. Enhancing energy production, storage, and management is expected to achieve complete energy independence. This project serves as a replicable model for other communities seeking sustainable energy solutions.

Edson Dias Ferreira, Manoel da Silva Santana (Dhemmys)<, Ronaldo dos Santos da Paixão et al.

Pensar na discussão acerca das linguagens visuais e cultura é abrir um leque de possibilidades discursivas e vivenciais que circundam este campo do conhecimento humano. O nosso interesse aqui é mostrar a partir de relatos de ações desenvolvidas neste campo como provocações acerca do tema produziu diferentes resultados. Elencamos três experiências realizadas no campo das pesquisas com as Linguagens Visuais cujo resultado expressa essa diversidade de possibilidades de lidar com o tema. Os trabalhos de Manoel Santana, Robson Amorim e Ronaldo da Paixão refletem isto e emolduram com seus exemplos um quadro de possibilidades, resultado das orientações ao longo desses mais de trinta anos de experiência com ações direcionadas à pesquisa e a aplicação vivenciada acerca das Linguagens Visuais no campo da cultura.

Christin Juliana Müller, Sarah Karic

Over the past two decades, e‑participation has become increasingly relevant as a result of digitization and the evolution of information and communication technologies. Yet the perspectives of providers and users with regard to the requirements on an e‑participation system are not sufficiently considered jointly. This paper investigates the requirements and challenges of users and providers. The study is based on a mixed methods approach with an online survey of those responsible for e‑participation processes in various administrative and planning areas as well as semi-structured expert interviews. In addition, we conducted proband tests to investigate the usability of digital citizen participation tools. The results show that accessibility, retrievability, effectiveness, interaction in the digital arena, security, technical specifications, resources, media literacy and the use of participation as a basis for profound decision-making are key requirements for e‑participation systems. These demands requirements are interrelated and influence the quality and effectiveness of participation processes. To meet these requirements, we propose an e‑participation ecosystem that integrates the different dimensions of digital participation and takes into account the interaction between actors, demands and contextual conditions.

Halimatus Sa`diyah, Ainassabih Liwani Syarafina, Dzuhri Ananda Firdaus et al.

Optimal nutrition is very important for normal growth and the physical and intellectual development of children. One effort to maintain balanced nutrition is to use a "Fill My Plate" meal portion consisting of fifty percent fruit and vegetables, and the remaining fifty percent consisting of carbohydrates and protein. However, there are still very few mothers who understand how to balance the contents of my plate for the nutritional needs of toddlers. The impact is that the stunting rate in Indonesia is still high. One way to prevent stunting is by educating mothers about the contents of my plate and indicators of nutritional adequacy for toddlers. This community service aims to prevent stunting by increasing knowledge about balanced nutrition, what's on my plate, and variations in complementary foods for breast milk (MP ASI). The mechanism for implementing this activity consists of four activity steps, namely planning, implementation (providing material, questions and answers, pre and post-test questions), activity monitoring, and evaluation. The results of this socialization showed that there was an increase in parents' knowledge of balanced nutrition and variations of MP ASI in the good category with the pretest score which was previously at 51.56%, in the posttest it increased to 74.9% after the education was provided.

Luzia Wilma Santana da Silva

Trata da história de vida da Professora e Enfermeira Maria José dos Santos, afetuosamente chamada Zezé, no protagonismo da Enfermagem na região sudoeste da Bahia, na Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB). Historiza a personagem na vida profissional como gestora e educadora-cuidadora na formação de profissionais da Enfermagem. A trajetória ao desvelamento se fez por meio de narrativas originárias de momentos de encontros e edificação da inter-relação entre a professora e a autora deste estudo e de seus arquivos de coleção pessoal, de ação dialógica com pessoas conhecedoras de Zezé, bem como de documentos e fontes online. Busca contar a história em cerzimento com a licença poética de implicação a mulher, enfermeira de história, alteridade e força que se faz nela. Considera oportuna a temática desse dossiê para difundir essa personalidade da Enfermagem que dedicou trinta e cinco anos de sua vida ao exercício da enfermagem no interior da Bahia de repercussão a Enfermagem brasileira.

Sebastian Dembski

Book review

Ahmad Faisol, Sidik Noertjahjono, Mochammad Ibrahim Ashari et al.

Tegalrandu Village is one of the tourism villages in Klakah sub-district, Lumajang Regency which is famous for its Ranu Klakah lake. The life of the residents of Tegalrandu village, Klakah sub-district, Lumajang district, is quite advanced where almost every villager can access the internet, but this is not in line with village government services that are still provided offline or manually. This is quite risky to do during the COVID-19 pandemic because it has the potential to cause gathering activities. To reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission, a new computerized system is needed so that it can be accessed online so as to speed up the administrative process and service of letter requests for villagers. This system is called SIPERDIT and is part of the OPENSID application with the addition of several new features. The program method in this activity consists of 2 stages, namely planning and implementing training. The results achieved were website-based applications and mobile Android which were easy to operate because of their user-friendly appearance. After this application was completed, the service team conducted training for users in Tegalrandu village to improve the services for community members. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/abdimas.v6i1.4801

Tiara Derawati, Syifaul Fuada

The COVID-19 pandemic has a substantial impact on the community, one of which is in the economic sector. Many workers have been laid off, leading to a rise in the unemployment rate in Indonesia. This community service activity aims to help people affected by layoffs as the result of the COVID-19 pandemic through the activities of providing and strengthening functional skills to the community. This online program is a form of the Thematic Community Service Program on Prevention and Countermeasure of The COVID-19 Impact. An artificial flower-making training program has been implemented from plastic waste into a work that can increase people's creativity and grow the community's economy. This artificial flower-making training program's target is based on plastic waste in the community from RT/ RW 01/01, Bojong Village, Majalaya, Bandung District, West Java Province. This program was attended by eight people conducted online through WhatsApp Group from December 1 to 10, 2020. In addition to helping the community increase creativity during the COVID-19 pandemic, creating economically valuable communities can indirectly reduce plastic waste in landfills because plastic waste cannot decompose naturally. People who follow this program can sell artificial flowers to improve the economy during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Claudia de Faria Barbosa, Clodoaldo Silva da Anunciação

Situações históricas produzem(iram) marcas físicas e/ou emocionais significativas na vida das pessoas que vivem(ram) no Brasil, causando desequilíbrios em toda a sociedade, com problemas sérios de convivência, sobretudo no que tange ao racismo estrutural. Com base nisso, esse estudo parte da seguinte questão geradora: considerando o Brasil um país composto por migrantes de diversas raças/etnias, por que prevalece o racismo? Para tanto possui como objetivo geral analisar a gênese do racismo a partir dos processos migratórios, especificamente, discutir legislações, mitos e costumes para compreensão do processo de racismo à brasileira que coaduna com a intenção de seu combate, analisar as situações históricas de controle de “uns” sobre os “outros” inventariados nos encontros coloniais. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura dissertativa e configura-se como uma pesquisa exploratória. Constata-se que a gênese do racismo, subjacente às legislações, mitos e costumes pretéritos, continua a se reproduzir. Portanto, é fundamental epistemologias descolonizadoras, educação no sentido da inclusão, pertença nas representações e construções de identidades para pôr fim ao racismo estrutural e à brasileira.

Lamesginew Tadesse, Abebayehu Desalegn

This study aimed to investigate the species abundance, diversity, and distribution pattern of avifauna in the Fentie Community Conservation Area, East Gojjam, surrounded by farmlands, settlements and mountain ranges. The study carried out in both dry and wet seasons. The study area was stratified based on the four habitat types: forest, woodland, farmland, and shrubland. The point count method was employed in the forest and woodland habitats, and the line-transect used for farmland and shrubland. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. In this study, 92 avian species belonging to 38 families were identified during both dry and wet seasons. The highest avian diversity was observed in the forest habitat (H= 4.101 and H= 4.056), followed by shrubland (H=3.874 and H= 3.848), during both dry and wet seasons, respectively. The highest number of birds was recorded in the dry season (n=703) than the wet season (n=439). There was a significant difference in abundance between the habitat types in the dry season (α=0.05, H’=4.142, df=3 and P=0.038) as well as in the wet season (α=0.05, H’=4.113, df=3 and P=0.109). The fewer bird species diversity and abundance discovered in the farmland could be caused by the cleansing of the vegetation for cultivation as it was seen in the study area. Thus, protection of the area is crucial for wildlife conservation especially for birds to enrich their diversity, abundance, and to maintain the natural ecological balance.

Nina Schuster, Stefan Höhne

Der Beitrag führt in den Themenschwerpunkt „Stadt der Reproduktion“ ein und skizziert die bisherigen Forschungen und Leerstellen zu Fragen der spezifischen räumlichen Organisationsformen von Reproduktion und Sorgearbeit. Daran anschließend stellen wir die Beiträge des Themenschwerpunkts kurz vor und fordern dazu auf, neue Perspektiven sowie empirische und theoretische Zugänge zu entwickeln, um diese zentrale Dimension urbaner Wirklichkeit stärker in den Blick der kritischen Stadtforschung zu nehmen.

Sybille Bauriedl, Anke Strüver

Welche Bedeutung hat eine zunehmend digitale Vernetzung für (europäische) Städte und ihre Bewohner_innen? Die aktuelle kritische „Smart City“-Forschung versucht diese Frage für unterschiedliche Aspekte der Stadtpolitik zu beantworten. Sie betrachtet Smart City als Marketingetikett wettbewerbsorientierter Stadtregierungen, als Dienstleistungsprodukt von IT-Konzernen und als Eingangstor zur deregulierten Vernetzung digitaler Daten. Dieser Beitrag setzt sich systematisch mit der Verwobenheit dieser Aspekte auseinander, mit einem Fokus auf erstens digital vernetzte Infrastrukturen kommunaler Daseinsvorsorge und zweitens auf vernetzte Interaktions- und Kommunikationstechnologien in der Alltagspraxis. Dabei wird die diskursive, die strukturelle und die subjektive Ebene von Optimierungsversprechen, Selbststeuerung und Ermächtigung diskutiert. Diese Betrachtung zeigt Städte als Orte spontaner, ungeplanter und widerständiger Interaktionen, die gleichzeitig an Effizienz-, Kontroll-, Optimierungs- und Wettbewerbsidealen ausgerichtet sind.

Karina Landman

Recent debates have highlighted trends towards the privatisation of public space and the incorporation of increased security measures to safeguard users. Literature has also emphasised the move away from the traditional high street to suburban shopping malls as part of an increased focus on the development of protected consumption space. As public space continuously evolves, it is interesting to find the emergence of a new type of controlled outdoor space that seems to reflect characteristics of older traditional public spaces acting as a local gathering space in suburbia, yet being very controlled within the boundaries of shopping malls and reflecting strong patterns of consumption. The article investigates this trend within the capital city of South Africa, Pretoria, focusing on three quasi-public spaces. The findings indicate that urban design continues to play a critical role in the incorporation of characteristics that are traditionally associated with successful public spaces, but with a strong emphasis on consumption in a controlled and secure environment. At the same time, however, these spaces have also become a new type of village commons in an increasingly polarised society and, hence, cannot simply be negated as purely exclusive spaces.

Liliana Elza Petri

Ricardo Javier Garnica Peña, Irasema Alcántara Ayala

Human settlements located in the vicinity of the Tecolutla River have been affected by flooding since historic times. Recently, the degree of susceptibility to floods was expressed by the disastrous consequences produced by an extreme precipitation event in October 1999, when associated economic losses reached 2.7 millions of pesos. Potential flooding hazards, combined with high levels of vulnerability of some communities, determine the level of risk to which circa 30% of the municipality population is exposed to. Based on morphological, statistical and remote sensing approaches, areas susceptible to flooding were established for the lower course of Tecolutla River, along with an analysis of the communities vulnerability in order to understand risk.

E. M. D. Tapia

Jaime Sobrino

En los estudios sobre economía espacial y economía industrial suele afirmarse que la desindustrialización consiste en la pérdida de importancia de la industria manufacturera en el mercado de trabajo y en la estructura económica. Los factores asociados a dicha pérdida se dividen entre los vinculados con la integración vertical de los servicios de orden superior al proceso productivo, y los relacionados con la falta de competitividad para la producción de bienes. El propósito de este artículo consiste en aportar elementos conceptuales y evidencia empírica para caracterizar la desindustrialización como un proceso que atraviesa por diversas fases, que van desde el crecimiento industrial hasta la pérdida absoluta de empleo y producción; asimismo busca explorar variables asociadas a tal proceso. Para ello se utilizan los instrumentos estadísticos de análisis de correspondencias, los modelos log-lineales y las funciones de regresión logística. En una primera etapa el estudio incluye 88 países, y en la segunda se cambia la escala geográfica para enfocarse en las 90 áreas urbanas y metropolitanas más pobladas de México. Se concluye que la desindustrialización en ambas escalas territoriales (país y ciudad) comparte elementos comunes relacionados con un menor crecimiento económico y un mayor peso de los servicios al productor. Pero también se observan especificidades, como la mayor velocidad y variabilidad del proceso en las ciudades respecto a los países. La desindustrialización debe ser vista como un proceso, aunque no siempre lineal ni tampoco circunscrito a las naciones más desarrolladas o a las ciudades de mayor tamaño.