Hasil untuk "History of Greece"

J. Jaynes

M. Herzfeld

When this work – one that contributes to both the history and anthropology fields – first appeared in 1982, it was hailed as a landmark study of the role of folklore in nation-building. It has since been highly influential in reshaping the analysis of Greek and European cultural dynamics. In this expanded edition, a new introduction by the author and an epilogue by Sharon Macdonald document its importance for the emergence of serious anthropological interest in European culture and society and for current debates about Greece’s often contested place in the complex politics of the European Union.

John L. Keane

C. Chrysohoou, D. Panagiotakos, C. Pitsavos et al.

OBJECTIVES We studied the effect of the Mediterranean diet on plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell counts, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, amyloid A, fibrinogen, and homocysteine. BACKGROUND To the best of our knowledge, the mechanism(s) by which the Mediterranean diet reduces cardiovascular risk are not well understood. METHODS During the 2001 to 2002 period, we randomly enrolled 1,514 men (18 to 87 years old) and 1,528 women (18 to 89 years old) from the Attica area of Greece (of these, 5% of men and 3% of women were excluded because of a history of cardiovascular disease). Among several factors, adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed by a diet score that incorporated the inherent characteristics of this diet. Higher values of the score meant closer adherence to the Mediterranean diet. RESULTS Participants who were in the highest tertile of the diet score had, on average, 20% lower CRP levels (p = 0.015), 17% lower IL-6 levels (p = 0.025), 15% lower homocysteine levels (p = 0.031), 14% lower white blood cell counts (p = 0.001), and 6% lower fibrinogen levels (p = 0.025), as compared with those in the lowest tertile. The findings remained significant even after various adjustments were made. Borderline associations were found regarding TNF-alpha (p = 0.076), amyloid A levels (p = 0.19), and diet score. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet was associated with a reduction in the concentrations of inflammation and coagulation markers. This may partly explain the beneficial actions of this diet on the cardiovascular system.

G. Lister, Greetje Banga, A. Feenstra

Lucile Arnoux-Farnoux

Johann Goeken, Jordi Pià Comella

Mehmet SÖYLEMEZ

This study investigates the musical and cultural continuities among Turkish-speaking Anatolian Greeks who were resettled in Greece following the 1923 Greco–Turkish Population Exchange. It aims to understand how these displaced communities have preserved, transformed, and reinterpreted their Anatolian musical heritage as part of their collective memory and identity reconstruction processes. The research adopts a qualitative ethnomusicological methodology, combining fieldwork, oral history, and archival analysis. Field studies conducted between 2018 and 2025 in more than seventy villages—particularly in Ioannina, Western Macedonia, and Eastern Thrace—include in-depth interviews, participant observations, and live musical recordings. These empirical materials are complemented by an extensive literature review of historical sources, musical manuscripts, and previous scholarship on migration, identity, and cultural hybridity. The theoretical framework draws on Stuart Hall’s cultural identity theory, Homi Bhabha’s concept of the “third space”, and Berry’s acculturation model, situating music as both a medium of resistance and a repository of memory. Analysis of early musical publications such as Mousikon Apanthisma (1856–1873) reveals that Turkish-speaking communities historically maintained a hybrid repertoire encompassing Turkish, Greek, and Byzantine elements. Findings demonstrate that music functions as a transgenerational mechanism of cultural continuity: while younger generations predominantly use Greek in daily life, Turkish persists through song, ritual, and communal gatherings. This sustained musical bilingualism reflects an enduring emotional geography connecting Anatolia and Greece. Ultimately, the study concludes that the legacy of Anatolian culture survives in Greece as a living soundscape—an evolving synthesis of displacement, memory, and hybridity rather than a static remnant of the past.

Yakir Aharonov, Guy Hetzroni

This oral history interview provides Yakir Aharonov's perspective on the theoretical discovery of the Aharonov-Bohm effect in 1959, during his PhD studies in Bristol with David Bohm, the reception of the effect, the efforts to test it empirically (up to Tonomura's experiment), and some of the debates regarding the existence of the effect and its interpretation. The interview also discusses related later developments until the 1980s, including modular momentum and Berry's phase. It includes recollections from meetings with Werner Heisenberg, Richard Feynman, and Chen-Ning Yang, also mentioning John Bell, Robert Chambers, Werner Ehrenberg, Sir Charles Frank, Wendell Furry, Gunnar Källén, Maurice Pryce, Nathan Rosen, John Wheeler, and Eugene Wigner.

Hiroto Sato, Konan Shimizu

In social learning environments, agents acquire information from both private signals and the observed actions of predecessors, referred to as history. We define the value of history as the gain in expected payoff from accessing both the private signal and history, compared to relying on the signal alone. We first characterize the information structures that maximize this value, showing that it is highest under a mixture of full information and no information. We then apply these insights to a model of markets for history, where a monopolistic data seller collects and sells access to history. In equilibrium, the seller's dynamic pricing becomes the value of history for each agent. This gives the seller incentives to increase the value of history by designing the information structure. The seller optimal information discloses less information than the socially optimal level.

Daniele Dominici

The history of the Arcetri Institute of Physics at the University of Florence is analyzed from the beginning of the 20th century to the 1960s. Thanks to the arrival of Garbasso in 1913, not only did the Institute gain new premises on Arcetri hill, but also hosted brilliant young physicists such as Rita Brunetti, Enrico Fermi, Franco Rasetti in the '20s and Enrico Persico, Bruno Rossi, Gilberto Bernardini, Daria Bocciarelli, Lorenzo Emo Capodilista, Giuseppe Occhialini and Giulio Racah in the '30s, engaged in the emerging fields of Quantum Mechanics and Cosmic Rays. This internationally renowned Arcetri School dissolved in the late 1930s mainly for the transfer of its protagonists to chairs in other Italian or foreign universities. After the war, the legacy was taken up by some students of this school who formed research groups in the fields of nuclear physics and elementary particle physics. As far as theoretical physics is concerned, after the Fermi and Persico periods, these studies enjoyed a new expansion in the sixties thanks to the arrival of Raoul Gatto who created in Arcetri the first Italian school of theoretical physics.

Josiah Ober

Where did "democracy" come from, and what was its original form and meaning? Here Josiah Ober shows that this "power of the people" crystallized in a revolutionary uprising by the ordinary citizens of Athens in 508-507 B.C. He the examines the consequences of the development of direct democracy for upper- and lower-class citizens, for dissident Athenian intellectuals and for those who were denied citizenship under the new regime (women, slaves, resident foreigners), as well as for the general development of Greek history. When the citizens suddenly took power into their own hands, they changed the cultural and social landscape of Greece, thereby helping to inaugurate the Classical Era. Democracy led to fundamental adjustments in the basic structures of Athenian society, altered the forms and direction of political thinking and sparked a series of dramatic reorientations in international relations. It quickly made Athens into the most powerful Greek city-state, but it also fatally undermined the traditional Greek rules of warfare. It stimulated the development of the Western tradition of political theorizing and encouraged a new conception of justice that has striking parallels to contemporary theories of rights. But Athenians never embraced the notions of inherency and inalienability that have placed the concept of rights at the centre of modern political thought. Thus the play of power that constituted life in democratic Athens is revealed as at once strangely familiar and desperately foreign, and the values sustaining the Athenian political community as simultaneously admirable and terrifying.

Julia Fröhlich

Johannis Tsoumas, Georgia Cheirchanteri

This research is historical in nature and concerns the capitalist expansion of the West in post-war Greece using as ‘Trojan Horse’ the plastic products that flooded the domestic market and were associated with new technologies, typologies and a brand-new way of living. The mass import of synthetics, synonymous with postwar American and European abundance and prosperity, is connected with the almost total overthrow of the strictly traditional social institutions, habits and customs of the Greeks, as well as with the emergence of a new model of cultural consumption based on female purchasing power which was at the same time associated with the female emancipation and independence, especially in the 1960s. The series of subversive developments that sealed, mostly anonymously, the formation of taste, class culture, but also triggered the birth of the domestic plastics industry, unfolds methodically and it is also connected to the political aspect of the ‘western cultural invasion’. Through this research we will be able to identify the introduction of plastic products into the Greek market, society and culture with the aim of prevailing in an aesthetic, practical and symbolic way. This research will also shed light on a totally neglected field of modern Greek cultural and material history connected with the synthetic materials transforming power as regards the female emancipation through consumption.

Jeromin Zettelmeyer, Christoph Trebesch, Mitu Gulati

The Greek debt restructuring of 2012 stands out in the history of sovereign defaults. It achieved very large debt relief – over 50 per cent of 2012 GDP – with minimal financial disruption, using a combination of new legal techniques, exceptionally large cash incentives, and official sector pressure on key creditors. But it did so at a cost. The timing and design of the restructuring left money on the table from the perspective of Greece, created a large risk for European taxpayers, and set precedents – particularly in its very generous treatment of holdout creditors – that are likely to make future debt restructurings in Europe more difficult.

G. Aad, B. Abbott, K. Abeling et al.

A search for new phenomena giving rise to pairs of opposite electrically charged muons with impact parameters in the millimeter range is presented, using 139 fb−1 of s=13 TeV pp collision data from the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The search targets the gap in coverage between existing searches targeting final states with leptons with large displacement and prompt leptons. No significant excess over the background expectation is observed and exclusion limits are set on the mass of long-lived scalar supersymmetric muon-partners (smuons) with much lower lifetimes than previously targeted by displaced muon searches. Smuon lifetimes down to 1 ps are excluded for a smuon mass of 100 GeV, and smuon masses up to 520 GeV are excluded for a proper lifetime of 10 ps, at 95% confidence level. Finally, model-independent limits are set on the contribution from new phenomena to the signal-region yields.

Ryan M. McGranaghan

This review examines complexity science in Heliophysics, describing it not as a discipline, but as a paradigm. In the context of Heliophysics, complexity science is the study of a star, interplanetary environment, magnetosphere, upper and terrestrial atmospheres, and planetary surface as interacting subsystems. Complexity science studies entities in a system (e.g., electrons in an atom, planets in a solar system, individuals in a society) and their interactions, and is the nature of what emerges from these interactions. It is a paradigm that employs systems approaches and is inherently multi- and cross-scale. Heliophysics processes span at least 15 orders of magnitude in space and another 15 in time, and its reaches go well beyond our own solar system and Earth's space environment to touch planetary, exoplanetary, and astrophysical domains. It is an uncommon domain within which to explore complexity science. This review article excavates the lived and living history of complexity science in Heliophysics. It identifies five dimensions of complexity science. It then proceeds in three epochal parts: 1) A pivotal year in the Complexity Heliophysics paradigm: 1996; 2) The transitional years that established foundations of the paradigm (1996-2010); and 3) The emergent literature largely beyond 2010. The history reveals a grand challenge that confronts most physical sciences to understand the research intersection between fundamental science (e.g., complexity science) and applied science (e.g., artificial intelligence and machine learning). A risk science framework is suggested as a way of formulating the challenges in a way that the two converge. The intention is to provide inspiration and guide future research. It will be instructive to Heliophysics researchers, but also to any reader interested in or hoping to advance the frontier of systems and complexity science.

Evangelos Bazinas, Andreas Gregoriades, Marios Raspopoulos et al.

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) have been developed to improve traffic flow, efficiency, and safety in transportation. Technological advancements in communication such as the Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to Infrastructure (V2I) enable the real-time exchange of information between vehicles and other entities on the road network, and thus play a significant role in their safety and efficiency. This paper presents a simulation study that models V2V and V2I communication to identify the most suitable range of data transmission between vehicles and infrastructure. The provincial city of Xanthi, Greece is used as a cases study, and the goal is to evaluate whether the proposed placement of Road Side Unit (RSU) provided adequate communication coverage on the city's road network. An analysis through different scenarios identified improvements in traffic management, driving behavior and environmental conditions under different RSU coverage. The results highlight that the communication range of 400 meters is the most adequate option for optimum traffic management in the city of Xanthi.

Georgios Mylonas, Dimitrios Amaxilatis, Ioannis Chatzigiannakis

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought profound change in the daily lives of a large part of the global population during 2020 and 2021. Such changes were mirrored in aspects such as changes to the overall energy consumption, or long periods of sustained inactivity inside public buildings. At the same time, due to the large proliferation of IoT, sensors and smartphones in the past few years, we are able to monitor such changes to a certain degree over time. In this paper, we focus on the effect of the pandemic on school buildings and certain aspects in the operation of schools. Our study is based on data from a number of school buildings equipped with an IoT infrastructure. The buildings were situated in Greece, a country that faced an extended lockdown during both 2020 and 2021. Our results show that as regards power consumption there is room for energy efficiency improvements since there was significant power consumption during lockdown, and that using other sensor data we can also infer interesting points regarding the buildings and activity during the lockdown.

OANA SIMION

Migration is a complex issue, with many facets that need to be weighed together. The year 2015 will probably remain in the migration history as the year that registered a record number of refugees. The closure of the Balkan Route used by migrants to reach Western Europe from Turkey and Greece has forced migrants to find alternative routes and for this reason, since February 2018, Bosnia and Herzegovina is facing an unprecedented wave of migration. The growing number of migrants and refugees who have started using the new Balkan route to reach an EU member state has raised deep concerns about a humanitarian and security crisis. The current system no longer works. With the new Pact on Migration and Asylum, the European Commission proposes a fresh start on migration: building confidence and striking a new balance between responsibility and solidarity.