Hasil untuk "History"

B. Hajarizadeh, J. Grebely, G. Dore

Samuel Moyn

D. Cameron, C. Bashor, J. Collins

O. Aalen, O. Borgan, H. Gjessing

B. Lüderitz

H. Gardner

W. Brown

Kathryn M. Gregory-Wodzicki

M. R. Matthews

T. E. Martin

F. Fukuyama

IN WATCHING the flow of events over the past decade or so, it is hard to avoid the feeling that something very fundamental has happened in world history. The past year has seen a flood of articles commemorating the end of the Cold War, and the fact that "peace" seems to be breaking out in many regions of the world. Most of these analyses lack any larger conceptual framework for distinguishing between what is essential and what is contingent or accidental in world history, and are predictably superficial. If Mr. Gorbachev were ousted from the Kremlin or a new Ayatollah proclaimed the millennium from a desolate Middle Eastern capital, these same commentators would scramble to announce the rebirth of a new era of conflict.

J. Wingfield, D. Maney, C. Breuner et al.

Paul C. Helmreich

L. Hutcheon

A. Östör

G. Lees-Maffei, D. Huppatz

Dirk Lindebaum

Cristina Mocanu (Chitan), Radu-Cristian Cimpeanu, Teodor Salmen et al.

<i>Background and Objectives:</i> Peripheral neuropathy (PNP) is a frequent and debilitating complication among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and other metabolic conditions, substantially affecting morbidity, functional status, and quality of life. Identifying predictors of PNP is essential for optimizing early diagnostic strategies and improving long-term management outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive factors of PNP in a cohort of patients with DM. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> A cross-sectional study including 117 patients diagnosed with DM assessed for PNP was conducted. All patients were evaluated clinically and biologically. PNP was clinically assessed using the Toronto Clinical Scoring System (TCSS) score and sudomotor function by Sudoscan. <i>Results:</i> The patients included were mostly males with type 2 DM and metabolic syndrome phenotypes. Moreover, the patients with PNP were much older than those without PNP (65 [57–69] vs. 59.50 [46–68] years, <i>p</i> = 0.008), with a longer duration of DM (10 [6–15.50] vs. 5.5 (2–14] years, <i>p</i> = 0.019), and associated autonomic diabetic neuropathy (χ² = 24.382, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Furthermore, TCSS and Sudoscan were correlated with a history of PNP, especially Sudoscan, which showed a very good discriminative ability for diabetic neuropathy diagnosis (AUC = 0.816). In a multivariable logistic regression including age, DM duration, and HbA1c, age was independently associated with PNP, with each additional year increasing the odds of neuropathy by approximately 6% (OR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.02–1.09, <i>p</i> = 0.002). When age was excluded, DM duration showed a borderline association with PNP (OR = 1.055, CI95% 0.997–1.117), suggesting potential overlap between these variables. Adding sudomotor assessment to the initial model improved the model performance (AUC 0.70–0.72). <i>Conclusions</i>: Age emerged as the main independent predictor of diabetic neuropathy, highlighting the role of cumulative metabolic exposure in the development of neural damage. Moreover, sudomotor assessment may have a complementary role in PNP assessment.

Li Sun, Hai-Yan Gu, Guan-Hua Xu et al.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to develop and validate a prediction model for fall risk factors in hospitalized older adults with osteoporosis.MethodsA total of 615 older adults with osteoporosis hospitalized at a tertiary (grade 3A) hospital in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China, between September 2022 and August 2023 were selected for the study using convenience sampling. Fall risk factors were identified using univariate and logistic regression analyses, and a predictive risk model was constructed and visualized through a nomogram. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC), Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, and clinical decision curve analysis, assessing the discrimination ability, calibration, and clinical utility of the model.ResultsBased on logistic regression analysis, we identified several significant fall risk factors for older adults with osteoporosis: gender of the study participant, bone mineral density, serum calcium levels, history of falls, fear of falling, use of walking aids, and impaired balance. The AUC was 0.798 (95% CI: 0.763–0.830), with a sensitivity of 80.6%, a specificity of 67.9%, a maximum Youden index of 0.485, and a critical threshold of 121.97 points. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test yielded a χ2 value of 8.147 and p = 0.419, indicating good model calibration. Internal validation showed a C-index of 0.799 (95% CI: 0.768–0.801), indicating the model’s high discrimination ability. Calibration curves showed good agreement between predicted and observed values, confirming good calibration. The clinical decision curve analysis further supported the model’s clinical utility.ConclusionThe prediction model constructed and verified in this study was to predict fall risk for hospitalized older adults with osteoporosis, providing a valuable tool for clinicians to implement targeted interventions for patients with high fall risks.

Jorge Elices Ocón

Este trabalho analisa a recepção das estátuas antigas nas sociedades árabe-islâmicas considerando seis estudos de caso que evidenciam seu valor e vigência, da época medieval até os dias atuais: a construção de uma estátua faraônica, de Ramsés II, no Cairo, durante o governo de Nasser, e sua recente transferência, entre as massas, ao novo museu arqueológico; a descoberta de uma estátua de Dario, em 1972, em Susa e seu papel simbólico como peça de destaque do museu arqueológico de Teerã; a estátua moderna de Zenóbia e sua exibição em Damasco, no ano de 2015, no contexto da guerra civil na Síria; a construção de uma estátua dedicada a Kahina, em 2003, no território argelino de Baghai e seu incêndio, em 2016, resultante de conflitos políticos e religiosos entre comunidades (árabes e berberes) e países (Argélia e França); o vídeo de destruição do Museu Arqueológico de Mossul gravado pelos militantes do DAESH em 2015; a exibição inaugural do Abu Dabi Louvre Museum, em 2017, com uma destacada presença da estatuária clássica. A estátua desempenha um papel determinante na reafirmação identitária de certos coletivos ou regimes políticos, e seu significado se constrói tanto a partir de discursos historiográficos ancorados no suposto rechaço, por parte do Islã, às representações figuradas quanto pelo conjunto de respostas que a estatuária suscita. Venerada ou destruída, a estátua forma parte de uma onda iconoclasta atual e que ressoa sobre os debates globais sobre o patrimônio, as identidades, sua representatividade e a revisão da História.