Hasil untuk "Gynecology and obstetrics"

R. Spitzer, Janet B W Williams, K. Kroenke et al.

OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of mental disorders among obstetric-gynecologic patients and to assess the validity and utility of the PRIME-MD Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) in this population. STUDY DESIGN A total of 3000 patients were assessed by 63 clinicians at seven obstetrics-gynecology outpatient care sites. The main outcome measures were PRIME-MD PHQ diagnoses, psychosocial stressors, independent diagnoses made by mental health professionals, functional status measures, disability days, health care use, and treatment or referral decisions. RESULTS Current mental disorders were fairly prevalent, present in 1 in 5 obstetric-gynecologic patients. Patients with PRIME-MD PHQ diagnoses had more functional impairment, disability days, health care use, and psychosocial stressors than did patients without PRIME-MD PHQ diagnoses (P <.005 for all measures). Although most clinicians judged the PRIME-MD PHQ to be useful in management decisions, the questionnaire diagnosis of mental disorder rarely led to therapeutic intervention. CONCLUSION The PRIME-MD PHQ is a useful instrument for the assessment of mental disorders, functional impairment, and recent psychosocial stressors in the busy obstetrics-gynecology setting.

Y. Estaremi, M. S. Al Ghafri, and S. Shamsigamchi

In this paper we define $λ$-hyponormal operators on an infinite dimensional Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ and find a class of $λ$-hyponormal operators that can not be hypercyclic. Also, we study closedness of range and $λ$-hyponormality of weighted composition operators on the Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}=L^2(μ)$. Moreover, we apply the hypercyclicity results to $λ$-hyponormal weighted composition operators. Finally, we provide some examples to illustrate our main results.

Chengxiang Zhao, Wenjun Zhang, Haotong Wang et al.

We theoretically investigate the electric field-tuning plasmons and plasmon-phonon couplings of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as monolayer MoS2, under the consideration of spin-orbit coupling. It is revealed that the frequencies of plasmons and coupled plasmon-phonon modes originating from electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions can be effectively changed by using applied driving electric fields. Notably, these frequencies exhibit a decreasing trend with an increasing electric field. Moreover, the weak angular dependence of these modes suggests that the driving electric field does not induce significant anisotropy in the plasmon modes. The outcomes of this work demonstrate that the plasmon and coupled plasmon-phonon modes can be tuned not only by manipulating the electron density via the application of a gate voltage but also by tuning the applied driving electric field. These findings hold relevance for facilitating the application of 2D TMDs in optoelectronic devices.

Denis Mihai Serban, Ancuta Mioara Banu, Costela Lacrimioara Serban

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Emotional eating and body weight misperception are significant public health issues, particularly among young adults. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of emotional eating and body misperception among dental students and explore the associations between emotional eating, body misperception, and sociodemographic factors. Methods Utilizing the Emotional Eating Questionnaire and Pictorial Body Image Instrument, the study involved 300 dental students, of which 21.6% were male, with an obesity prevalence of 9.7%. Results We found a high prevalence of emotional eating, with 58.3% of students falling into emotional and very emotional eating categories. Univariate analysis revealed that female students exhibited higher emotional eating scores and stress levels compared to males. Additionally, 34.3% of students misclassified their body weight, with 24.0% overestimating and 10.3% underestimating their weight. The multivariate model identified significant associations between high emotional eating scores and female gender (OR = 5.488, 95% CI: 2.340–12.873), body perception discrepancies, and BMI (OR = 1.194, 95% CI: 1.115–1.279), while controlling for age, perceived health status, and stress. Perceiving oneself as heavier than actual weight significantly increased the odds of high emotional eating (OR = 2.976, 95% CI: 1.623–5.456). Conclusion This study underscores the importance of addressing emotional eating and body weight misperception among dental students to promote healthier eating behaviors, achieve leaner body mass, improve mental health, and enhance overall well‐being.

Jing Mo, Qiling Cai, Shanshan Chen et al.

Summary: A growing body of research suggests that inhibition of autophagy may be a novel means of treating cancer and suppressing drug resistance. Therefore, a series of drugs derived from the Erythrina crista-galli Linn were screened in this study. Among them, the pterocarpan erythrabyssin II (EL-19) is a potent late-stage autophagy inhibitor, which could effectively block the fusion of autophagosome and lysosome, leading to the accumulation of autophagic substrates in both ovarian cancer A2780 and A2780/DDP cells. EL-19 did not impair the lysosomal pH and lysosomal enzyme activity. In addition, cell studies, and organoid experiments showed that EL-19 inhibited the value addition of A2780 and A2780/DDP cells, suppressed ovarian cancer organoid activity and induced apoptosis, and blocked cisplatin-induced protective autophagy in A2780/DDP cells. Combination therapy with DDP superior anti-tumor outcomes compared to monotherapies in animal models. In summary, EL-19 may be developed as an anticancer agent by blocking chemotherapy-induced protective autophagy.

Yohana Pereira Vieira, Rodrigo César Zoppellaro Reis, Helena de Araújo Versola et al.

Abstract Context Breast and cervical cancer are major public health issues, with high morbidity and mortality rates globally. In 2020, there were an estimated 2.3 million new breast cancer cases and 604,000 new cervical cancer cases worldwide. In Brazil, significant numbers of new cases were projected annually during the 2020–2022 period. Screening for these cancers through mammography and Cytopathologicals is recommended by the World Health Organization. Objective To describe the prevalence of self-reported mammography and cytopathological exams according to sociodemographic characteristics before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Panel study with data from the Risk and Protection Factor Surveillance for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL), from 2012 to 2022. The outcomes were mammography in the last two years and cytopathological exams in the last three years. The proportions and 95% confidence intervals were described for the pre-pandemic period (2012–2020) and the pandemic period (2021–2022). Results The groups with the largest decreases in the prevalence of mammography were those aged 45–54 years, married, with 12 or more years of education, living in the South region, and Indigenous people. For the cytopathological exam, the groups with the largest declines were those aged 25–34 years, white skin, and residents of the South region. Conclusion There was a decrease in the prevalence of both exams, especially among educated women, white women, and those living in the South region.

Mengjie Li, Hong Xue, Jing Sun et al.

Background: To evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic para-aortic lymphadenectomy in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies through a literature review comparing the extraperitoneal and transperitoneal approaches. Methods: A comprehensive computerized search of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science, and other relevant databases was conducted, covering the period from January 2010 to January 2025, to collect studies that compared the transperitoneal and extraperitoneal approaches to laparoscopic para-aortic lymphadenectomy in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies. Relevant data were extracted and analyzed using the Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.4.1 statistical software. Outcome indexes included operation time, intraoperative blood loss, number of para-aortic lymph nodes dissected, hospitalization days, and incidence of surgical complications. Results: A total of 525 manuscripts were retrieved, of which 8 were included. Our analysis showed no statistically significant differences between the extraperitoneal and transperitoneal groups in terms of operative time, intraoperative bleeding, and hospitalization days. However, the complication rate was significantly lower in the extraperitoneal group than in the transperitoneal group. Additionally, the number of para-aortic lymph nodes (PAL) retrieved was significantly higher in the extraperitoneal group compared to the transperitoneal group [mean difference (MD) = 0.43, 95% confidence intervals (CI) (0.13 to 0.72, p = 0.004)]. Conclusion: Laparoscopic para-aortic lymphadenectomy for gynecologic malignancies offers several advantages when performed via the extraperitoneal route. This approach reduces surgical trauma, shortens hospital stay, lowers the rate of complication, and increases the number of lymph nodes that can be resected compared to the transperitoneal route. Registration: The study has been registered on https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ (registration number: CRD420251033897; registration link: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251033897).

C. Ananth, E. Schisterman

H. Minakami, Yuji Hiramatsu, Mitsuhiko Koresawa et al.

David Aponte, Jonathan Barés, Mathieu Renouf et al.

In this study, we investigate the stability and solid fraction of columns comprised of highly non-convex particles. These particles are constructed by extruding arms onto the faces of Platonic solids, a configuration we term \emph{Platonic polypods}. We explore the emergence and disappearance of solid-like behavior in the absence of adhesive forces between the particles, referred to as \emph{geometric cohesion}. This investigation is conducted by varying the number of arms of the particles and the thickness of these arms. To accomplish this, columns are assembled by depositing particles within a cylindrical container, followed by the removal of the container to evaluate the stability of the resulting structures. Experiments were carried out using three distinct materials to assess the influence of the friction coefficient between the grains. Our findings reveal that certain granular systems exhibit geometric cohesion, depending on their geometrical and contact properties. Furthermore, we analyze the initial solid fraction of the columns, demonstrating that these arrangements can achieve stability even at highly loose states, which contrasts with traditional granular materials.

Vid Mlakar, Laurence Lesne, Stefania Vossio et al.

Abstract Cloning is a key molecular biology procedure for obtaining a genetically homogenous population of organisms or cell lines. It requires the expansion of new cell populations starting from single genetically modified cells. Despite the technical progress, cloning of many cell lines remains difficult. Cloning often fails either due to the strenuous conditions associated with manipulating cells or because many cells don’t tolerate a single-cell state. Here we describe a new cloning method utilizing low adhesion microcavity plates. This new technique, named microcavity-assisted cloning (MAC) was developed to clone difficult-to-clone HepG2 cells. The clones were produced following CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of the GSTA1 gene by a random distribution of 200, 400, and 800 cells into 550 microcavities of a 24-well low adhesion plate originally designed for the culture of spheroids. The knockout of GSTA1 was verified at the protein level using Western blotting. The advantages of the MAC method are its low cost, ease of the procedure, and the possibility of scaling up the throughput and automatization.

Arooj Kiran, Naseer Ali Shah, Shujaul Mulk Khan et al.

This study sought to evaluate the influence of knowledge, attitude, and practices assessment on diabetes related to obesity in Pakistani society. Data was collected both through door to door and online survey approaches from 518 participants by using a pre-validated questionnaire. A total of 15.6% were underweight, 61.2% were normal weight, 17.2% were overweight and 5.8% were in obesity class I and 2.9% were classified as obesity class II. The co-occurrence of obesity and diabetes was 29% (n = 22) among diabetic individuals (n = 84). A majority of the residents (59.1%) were from cities. While 94% of the participants responded to what obesity was, 83.8% knew what diabetes was. Fast food, soft drinks, and mayonnaise were deemed to be healthy by 75.1% of the respondents. Obesity was viewed as a disease by 94.8%, a major health issue by 78.2%, and a weight-loss necessity by 44.6% of participants. Only 24.9% exercised every day, and 23.9% engaged in any physical activity daily. The majority of respondents (50.6%) never tried to lose weight and 23.2% ate junk food daily. The sociodemographic variables showed that the age ranges of 25–34 years (P < 0.001; OR 0.531), 45–54 years (P < 0.05; OR 0.527), and urban residency (P < 0.001; OR 0.128) had a significant association with knowledge. The factors of urban residency (P < 0.001; OR 3.996), being unmarried (P < 0.001; OR 1.95), and having an income of 51,000–70,000 (P < 0.001; OR 11.29) showed a very highly significant association with a good attitude regarding the relationship of obesity with diabetes (P < 0.05). Similarly, practices of the participants showed significant association with BMI range of 18.5–24.9 and 25–29.9 (P < 0.001). Our study revealed significant knowledge and understanding of the relationship between obesity with diabetes. However, it was observed that majority of respondents exhibited fundamental knowledge regarding obesity and diabetes, there was a notable absence of understanding regarding crucial elements, such as the significance of maintaining a healthy body weight, participating in physical activity, and implementing appropriate dietary strategies for weight control. We recognize the necessity for education initiatives and strongly encourage them to assist individuals in managing diabetes resulting from obesity.

Bhoomika N. Jadhav, E.P. Abdul Azeez, Manoj Mathew et al.

Abstract Aim Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women. One form of care related to early detection of breast cancer is breast self-examination (BSE). However, evidence on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of BSE and its determining factors are minuscule in an Indian context. Therefore, the present study primarily examined the prevalence of KAP of BSE. Further, its association with general self-care and cultural factors was determined. Methods This cross-sectional study obtained data from 412 women (Mn age = 26.63) from two rural localities of Vellore district, Tamil Nadu, India. Self-reported questionnaires of KAP of BSE, self-care, and cultural factors were applied. Statistical analyses include independent sample t-test and binomial logistic regression. Results The majority of the sample had inadequate knowledge (58%), unfavourable attitudes (73.8%), and poor practice (89.6%) of BSE. The general self-care among the sample was moderate. Self-care was found to be a significant predictor of knowledge (b = 0.07, p < .05) and attitude (b = 0.092, p < .05) toward BSE. Shyness was identified as a negative predictor of KAP. Discouraged breast health discussions predicted inadequate knowledge, and not being educated by family/friends had a negative impact on knowledge and practice. A preference for same-gender physicians led to an unfavourable attitude toward BSE. Conclusion The observed negative trends in KAP of BSE are concerning. The results imply that girls and women should be educated and encouraged to practice BSE and promote self-care behaviours. At the same time, efforts to reduce cultural barriers may be helpful to promote the KAP of BSE.

Sauvik Chatterjee, Sougata Biswas, and Arunava Chakrabarti

Flat, non-dispersive bands and topological phase transition in multiple Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) chains, cross-linked via periodically arranged nodal points are explored within a tight binding framework. We give analytic prescription, based on a real space decimation scheme, that extracts the energy eigenvalues corresponding to the flat bands along with their degeneracy. The topological phase transition is confirmed through the existence of quantized Zak phase for all the Bloch bands, and the edge states that are protected by chiral symmetry, consistent with the bulk-boundary correspondence. In addition to the edge states, the entangled systems are shown to give rise to clusters of localized eigenstates in the bulk of the system, in contrast to a purely one dimensional SSH system.

J. Manley, R. Stump, R. Petery et al.

We consider optical fibers as detectors for scalar ultralight dark matter (UDM) and propose using a fiber-based interferometer to search for scalar UDM with particle mass in the range $10^{-17} - 10^{-13}$ eV/$c^2$ $\left(10^{-3}- 10 \text{ Hz}\right)$. Composed of a solid core and a hollow core fiber, the proposed detector would be sensitive to relative oscillations in the fibers' refractive indices due to scalar UDM-induced modulations in the fine-structure constant $α$. We predict that, implementing detector arrays or cryogenic cooling, the proposed optical fiber-based scalar UDM search has the potential to reach new regions of the parameter space. Such a search would be particularly well-suited to probe for a Solar halo of dark matter with a sensitivity exceeding that of previous DM searches over the particle mass range $7\times 10^{-17} - 2\times 10^{-14}$ eV/$c^2$.

Serena S. Peck, Madison F. Vani, Jenna Smith-Turchyn et al.

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) can be a beneficial strategy to mitigate physical, emotional, and social-related challenges in women living beyond breast cancer treatment (WBC). However, PA levels among WBC remain low. Optimizing social support provided in a peer-matched setting may increase PA behavior. Unfortunately, factors that lead to an ideal peer-match among WBC are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to contextualize the natural social support environment and PA behavior in newly formed peer WBC dyads participating in an ecological momentary assessment study. Methods WBC were matched with a partner and provided with a Fitbit activity tracker. Social support was measured using 21-daily surveys, and a 3-week follow-up survey. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Open-ended survey questions were analyzed using content analysis. Data were analyzed based on (i) social support types (informational, tangible, esteem, and emotional support); and (ii) WBC’ reports of being in a good, neutral, or poor match at the end of the study. Results Women (n = 46; Mage = 42.4 ± 7.6 years; 89.2% stage I-III breast cancer) connected with their partner (58.1%) and participated in moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA)(77.1%) on most days over the 21-day study period. Women were identified as being in good (63%), neutral (20%), or poor (17%) dyad matches. The most frequently documented social support received by WBC was esteem support. Participants in a good match were more likely to report receiving all types of social support compared to neutral or poor matches. Conclusion & clinical implications Findings describe the social support characteristics important to WBC for facilitating their PA participation in a partner-based setting. This study provides valuable insight that can inform the development of partner-based PA interventions for WBC.

Gong Zhang, Fangfang Nie, Weinan Zhao et al.

Abstract Background Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the second most common gynecological malignancy, and the differences between different pathological types are not entirely clear. Here, we retrospectively collected eligible EC patients to explore their differences regarding clinical characteristics and prognosis. Methods Five hundred seventy EC patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were included. Prognostic factors were measured using the univariate/multivariate Cox models. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were the primary and secondary endpoints, respectively. Results In total, 396 patients with uterine endometrioid carcinoma (UEC), 106 patients with uterine serous carcinoma (USC), 34 patients with uterine mixed carcinoma (UMC), and 34 patients with uterine clear cell carcinoma (UCCC) were included. Comparison of baseline characteristics revealed patients diagnosed with UEC were younger, had more early clinical stage, and had lower incidence of menopause and lymph node metastasis. Compared to UEC, other pathological EC obtained more unfavorable OS (UCCC: HR = 12.944, 95%CI = 4.231–39.599, P < 0.001; USC: HR = 5.958, 95%CI = 2.404–14.765, P < 0.001; UMC: HR = 1.777, 95%CI = 0.209–15.114, P = 0.599) and PFS (UCCC: HR = 8.696, 95%CI = 1.972–38.354, P = 0.004; USC: HR = 4.131, 95%CI = 1.243–13.729, P = 0.021; UMC: HR = 5.356, 95%CI = 0.935–30.692, P = 0.060). Compared with UEC patients, the OS of UCCC patients in stage I–II and USC patients in stage III–IV were significantly worse, while UMC patients in stage I–II favored poorer PFS. The OS of UCCC patients receiving no postoperative adjuvant therapy or chemotherapy alone were significantly worse. Conclusions The baseline characteristics of UEC and other rare EC types varied greatly, and the prognostic significance of different pathological types on EC patients depended on clinical tumor stages and therapeutic options.

Cuiqing Zhao, Tongling Wang, Dawei Yu et al.

Abstract Background Although some studies have examined the association between exercise and falls, most have focused on specific exercises, and the results have been inconsistent. In addition, there is a lack of evidence on elderly Chinese women who have different living and exercise habits compared to those in other countries. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether physical exercise is associated with falls in elderly Chinese women. Methods This cross-sectional study included 1429 elderly Chinese women with a mean age of 69.2 years. Information on physical exercise habits and fall experiences was collected using a self-report questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between physical exercise habits and falls. Results The results showed that 15% participants had a fall in the past year. After adjusting for confounding factors, the odd ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) for fall experiences across categories of exercise frequency were as follow: 1 (reference) for no exercise behavior, 0.50 (0.29, 0.85) for exercise 1 to 5 times a week, and 0.37 (0.25, 0.55) for exercise more than 6 times a week. Furthermore, the ORs (95% CIs) across categories of exercise insistence were 1 (reference) for less than 1 year, 0.78 (0.37, 1.65) for 1 to 3 years, and 0.38 (0.20, 0.74) for more than 3 years. In terms of exercise duration, the ORs (95% CIs) for < 1 h/day, 1–2 h/day, and > 2 h/day were 1 (reference), 0.85 (0.53, 1.36), and 2.80 (1.30, 6.05). Unlike other variables, longer exercise duration was associated unfavorably with falls. Conclusion Physical exercise habits were associated with falls in elderly Chinese women. Keeping a proper exercise habit may contribute to lower risk of falling in elderly women.

S. Scheib, M. Thomassee, J. Kenner

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS), or "fast-track" protocol, aims to minimize the physiologic stress of surgery and optimize the rehabilitation of patients. However, there is limited data in obstetrics and gynecology. We reviewed the published literature on ERAS programs in gynecology to evaluate the outcomes and potential key elements for a successful program. Fifty studies were evaluated. We recommend preoperative counseling to the patient, no bowel preparation, an opioid-sparing multimodal approach to pain management, goal-directed fluid management, minimally invasive surgery when possible, and early mobilization and feeding. This is a multidisciplinary team effort and requires active patient participation in the process.

Shenglong Zhou, and Geoffrey Ye Li

Federated learning has burgeoned recently in machine learning, giving rise to a variety of research topics. Popular optimization algorithms are based on the frameworks of the (stochastic) gradient descent methods or the alternating direction method of multipliers. In this paper, we deploy an exact penalty method to deal with federated learning and propose an algorithm, FedEPM, that enables to tackle four critical issues in federated learning: communication efficiency, computational complexity, stragglers' effect, and data privacy. Moreover, it is proven to be convergent and testified to have high numerical performance.