Hasil untuk "Geography (General)"

ZHANG Zhixiang, LIU Songtao, LI Qian et al.

【Background】Soil salinization is a widespread abiotic stress that significantly impacts agricultural productivity and water resource management in the Yinbei region of Ningxia Province. This study explores the inter-annual dynamics of soil salinity and groundwater depth in areas within this region that use surface irrigation and subsurface drainage.【Method】Field investigations were conducted in Huinong, a representative area in northern Yinbei characterized by surface irrigation and subsurface drainage systems. Spatiotemporal variation of soil salinity and groundwater depth were analyzed using measured data with the help of correlation analysis and the inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation method.【Result】Temporally, areas with high soil salinity were accounting ting for 23.57% of the study region in April. In contrast, areas with soil salinity greater than 2 g/kg decreased by 52.99% in July and 26.3% in October, compared to April. Soil salinity decreased gradually with increasing groundwater depth, and the relationship between them was well fitted by a proposed model (R2＞ 0.82).【Conclusion】Soil salinity in the region peaks in spring and declines by summer, showing spatial variability influenced primarily by topography and irrigation practices. Salinity in the 40-100 cm soil layer was more responsive to groundwater depth than in the 0-40 cm layer. Maintaining a groundwater depth between 1.8 and 2.2 m can facilitate crop growth and reduce salinization risk.

Zhenwen He, Xianzhen Liu, Chunfeng Zhang

Three-dimensional voxel models are widely applied in various fields such as 3D imaging, industrial design, and medical imaging. The advancement of 3D modeling techniques and measurement devices has made the generation of three-dimensional models more convenient. The exponential increase in the number of 3D models presents a significant challenge for model retrieval. Currently, these models are numerous and typically represented as point clouds or meshes, resulting in sparse data and high feature dimensions within the retrieval database. Traditional methods for 3D model retrieval suffer from high computational complexity and slow retrieval speeds. To address this issue, this paper combines spatial-filling curves with octree structures and proposes a novel approach for representing three-dimensional voxel model sequence data features, along with a similarity measurement method based on symbolic operators. This approach enables efficient similarity calculations and rapid dimensionality reduction for the three-dimensional model database, facilitating efficient similarity calculations and expedited retrieval.

Zongliang Zhang, Xueming Wu, Enshang Xiao et al.

Abstract Based on the emergency rescue, the subsequent disposal, and the development and utilization projects of the Hongshiyan Landside Dam in Ludian, Yunnan, China, research has been conducted on key technical issues facing the development and utilization of landside dams, including the possibilty evaluation of development and utilization, structure analysis of wide gradation material, performance evaluation, investigation and design, dam seepage control, construction technology and equipment, and safe operation assessment. And innovative results has made in all seven aspects mentioned above, writing the history in this field. The achievements were directly applied to the development planning, investigation and design, construction, and operation and maintenance of the Hongshiyan Landside Dam, a comprehensive water conservancy project that integrates flood control, water supply, irrigation, and power generation, with significant comprehensive benefits.

Joy Gabriella Davidsen

Offentlige debatter om religiøse ritualer preges ofte av at ulike verdier, ideologier og livssyn kolliderer. Rituell omskjæring av gutter er et religiøst ritual som har vært gjenstand for mye offentlig debatt i Norge, spesielt de siste 10 årene. I denne artikkelen undersøker jeg hva som kjennetegner den medisinske debatten om omskjæring i Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening mellom 2012 og 2016, og hvordan den preges av normkonflikt. Debatten oppstod i kjølvannet av Helse- og omsorgsdepartementets lovforslag om rituell omskjæring av gutter i 2011. Selv om lovforslaget hovedsakelig omhandlet hvem som kunne utføre inngrepet, omhandler debatten i tidsskriftet hvorvidt ritualet i det hele tatt bør tillates i Norge og i helsevesenet. I denne artikkelen drøfter jeg hvordan et religiøst ritual blir debattert i et medisinsk tidsskrift, hvorfor debatten fremstår så polarisert og uoversiktlig, og hvordan forholdet mellom «sekularitet» og «religion» fremstilles og diskuteres i en medisinsk kontekst. Mitt hovedfunn er at debatten mangler et felles normgrunnlag for å diskutere rituell omskjæring. Dette gjør at partene snakker forbi hverandre, og i siste instans angriper hverandres standpunkter og etos. Språket preges også av et utpreget skille mellom et «sekulært oss» og et «religiøst dem», noe som vanskeliggjør mulighetene for en saklig og fruktbar debatt.

Alice Militello

I concorsi dell’Accademia dei Virtuosi al Pantheon scandiscono la vita della stessa istituzione a partire dal 1837. La documentazione presente in archivio e le opere lasciate dai concorrenti rappresentano, nonostante le lacune e la qualità discontinua, un nucleo significativo e sostanzialmente inedito del patrimonio accademico. Recentemente l’accademia ha inventariato e catalogato il patrimonio documentale e grafico della sezione di architettura: questo studio, seguendo e provando a implementare i criteri metodologici già utilizzati, si focalizza sulla parte documentale dell’area scultura.

Somnath Hazra, Amit Ghosh, Subhajit Ghosh et al.

The geo-climatic setting of the Odisha coast is prone to natural calamities like cyclones, storm surges, inundation, along with changing sea level, which indicates a higher level of coastal vulnerability. Climate-induced natural hazards are frequent on the Odisha coast, which leads to adverse impacts on life and property and intensive crop damage. The frequent natural hazards and sea-level rise (SLR) are accelerating the probable impact from severe storm surges and high waves in the future. The futuristic projection of the cyclone, storm surge, inundation and SLR has been estimated. Also, their probable impact on the coastal community has been portrayed.

T. E. Shaw, W. Yang, W. Yang et al.

<p>Near-surface air temperature (<span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_a</span>) is highly important for modelling glacier ablation, though its spatio-temporal variability over melting glaciers still remains largely unknown. We present a new dataset of distributed <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_a</span> for three glaciers of different size in the south-east Tibetan Plateau during two monsoon-dominated summer seasons. We compare on-glacier <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_a</span> to ambient <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_a</span> extrapolated from several local off-glacier stations. We parameterise the along-flowline sensitivity of <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_a</span> on these glaciers to changes in off-glacier temperatures (referred to as “temperature sensitivity”) and present the results in the context of available distributed on-glacier datasets around the world. Temperature sensitivity decreases rapidly up to 2000–3000 <span class="inline-formula">m</span> along the down-glacier flowline distance. Beyond this distance, both the <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_a</span> on the Tibetan glaciers and global glacier datasets show little additional cooling relative to the off-glacier temperature. In general, <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_a</span> on small glaciers (with flowline distances <span class="inline-formula">&lt;1000</span> <span class="inline-formula">m</span>) is highly sensitive to temperature changes outside the glacier boundary layer. The climatology of a given region can influence the general magnitude of this temperature sensitivity, though no strong relationships are found between along-flowline temperature sensitivity and mean summer temperatures or precipitation. The terminus of some glaciers is affected by other warm-air processes that increase temperature sensitivity (such as divergent boundary layer flow, warm up-valley winds or debris/valley heating effects) which are evident only beyond <span class="inline-formula">∼70</span> <span class="inline-formula">%</span> of the total glacier flowline distance. Our results therefore suggest a strong role of local effects in modulating temperature sensitivity close to the glacier terminus, although further work is still required to explain the variability of these effects for different glaciers.</p>

Marchenko Galina, Vodopyanova Kseniya, Timofeev Sergey et al.

The article deals with the issue of reducing the importance of the Russian language in the world. Culture is the total social experience of humanity, and language is a means of accumulating, storing, and transmitting this social experience, scientific and everyday information. It is a means of objectifying human consciousness, the continuity of generations, and their historical experience. Until 1991, Russian was the universal means of interethnic communication on one-sixth of the land. The refusal to learn the Russian language in some post-Soviet republics has led to a decline and even to a drop in the level of education and culture in general. The research aims to analyze the Russian language position as the core of culture and education in the post-Soviet space as a means of cross-border cooperation, development of education, and dialogue of cultures. The study has been conducted for 10 years in the South-East of Ukraine. It seems to us that the language situation in the Donbas can be projected with some degree of similarity to the entire post-Soviet space. To determine the principle of the state language policy of the post-Soviet republics, we used the analysis of Ukraine’s legal documents in the period from 1991 to 2020. The presence of a common cultural space and language will help preserve peace and prevent war on the Eurasian continent. The common language space contributes to the development of economic, social, educational, and as a result of geopolitical ties.

Sam Page

Joanna Kowalczyk-Anioł

W artykule zaprezentowano autorskie ujęcie hipertrofii turystyki miejskiej, jak i genezę tego zjawiska w kontekście przemian współczesnego miasta. Przedstawiono, na podstawie literatury, logikę włączania i wykorzystywania turystyki w transformacji miejskiej gospodarki i przestrzeni oraz przypisane jej role w polityce miejskiej. Pokazano ponadto w różnych kontekstach geograficznych procesy i zjawiska towarzyszące współczesnej turystyfikacji miasta, w tym zyskującą na znaczeniu finansjalizację zasobów mieszkaniowych.

Isabel Campos Salles Figueiredo, Natália Cangussu Duarte, Raúl Lima Coasaca et al.

Na perspectiva do saneamento ecológico, as águas cinzas representam um valioso recurso que pode ser aproveitado na agricultura. No Brasil, porém, ainda são incipientes os dados sobre a geração e características desse tipo de efluente. O presente estudo apresenta um diagnóstico sobre a segregação e a disposição do esgoto realizada em uma comunidade rural de Campinas (SP). Foi encontrado que em mais de 90% dos domicílios existia a separação das águas cinzas, sendo a aplicação no solo ou em áreas de plantação de frutíferas as formas de destinação em 87% dos casos. A fonte da água cinza influencia fortemente sua composição. O efluente da cozinha destacou-se pelos valores elevados de DQO, SST e turbidez, superando os valores médios típicos para esgoto sanitário. A água cinza proveniente do chuveiro apresentou alta concentração de NTK, devido ao hábito de urinar no banho. Aquelas provenientes da lavanderia possuíam maior pH e condutividade elétrica devido aos sabões e produtos de limpeza nela presentes.

D. I. Benn, A. C. Fowler, I. Hewitt et al.

We present the first general theory of glacier surging that includes both temperate and polythermal glacier surges, based on coupled mass and enthalpy budgets. Enthalpy (in the form of thermal energy and water) is gained at the glacier bed from geothermal heating plus frictional heating (expenditure of potential energy) as a consequence of ice flow. Enthalpy losses occur by conduction and loss of meltwater from the system. Because enthalpy directly impacts flow speeds, mass and enthalpy budgets must simultaneously balance if a glacier is to maintain a steady flow. If not, glaciers undergo out-of-phase mass and enthalpy cycles, manifest as quiescent and surge phases. We illustrate the theory using a lumped element model, which parameterizes key thermodynamic and hydrological processes, including surface-to-bed drainage and distributed and channelized drainage systems. Model output exhibits many of the observed characteristics of polythermal and temperate glacier surges, including the association of surging behaviour with particular combinations of climate (precipitation, temperature), geometry (length, slope) and bed properties (hydraulic conductivity). Enthalpy balance theory explains a broad spectrum of observed surging behaviour in a single framework, and offers an answer to the wider question of why the majority of glaciers do not surge.

Edson Zangiacomi Martinez, Anderson Soares da Silva, Laercio Joel Franco et al.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of self-reported hypertension and diabetes among elderly users of primary healthcare facilities in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, and to investigate the association between these chronic conditions and physical activity and the degree of independence on the performance of activities of daily living. The study included 357 subjects aged 60 years or older. The classification of physical activity was based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire (PFAQ) was applied to assess activities of daily living. Prevalence of diabetes was associated with the level of physical activity, the self-perception of health and the degree of independence on the performance of activities of daily living. No significant associations were found between the prevalence of hypertension and these variables. These findings reinforce the relevance of continuous strategies of management of diabetes in the primary healthcare facilities based on the promotion of physical and occupational activities.

B. Fingleton, E. López‐Bazo

J. Clark, John Harrison – Senior Lecturer in, Human Geography et al.

The regional studies major is designed to give undergraduates the general mastery of a discipline and at the same time permit them to do specialized work in the history and cultures of a particular geographic area through the associated institutes of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. It is an interdisciplinary major in which students divide their work between the associated institute and an appropriate academic department. Students plan their programs with the consultant of the associated institute they have selected.

Tim Schwanen

Geographical scholarship on transport has been boosted by the emergence of big data and advances in the analysis of complex networks in other disciplines, but these developments are a mixed blessing. They allow transport as object of analysis to exist in new ways and raise the profile of geography in interdisciplinary spaces dominated by physics and complexity science. Yet, they have also brought back concerns over the privileging of generality over particularity. This is because they have once more made acceptable and even normalized a focus on supposedly universal laws that explain the functioning of mobility systems and on space and time independent explanations of hierarchies, inequalities and vulnerabilities in transport systems and patterns. Geographical scholarship on transport should remain open to developments in big data and network science but would benefit from more critical reflexivity on the limitations and the historical and geographical situatedness of big data and on the conceptual shortcomings of network science. Big data and network analysis need to be critiqued and re-appropriated, and examples of how this can be done are starting to emerge. Openness, critique and re-appropriation are especially important in a context where transport geography decentralizes away from its Euro-American core, and the development pathways of transport and mobility in localities beyond that core deserve their own, unique explanations.

A. Muhammad, A. Muhammad, K. Goda et al.

This study develops tsunami evacuation plans in Padang, Indonesia, using a stochastic tsunami simulation method. The stochastic results are based on multiple earthquake scenarios for different magnitudes (<i>M</i>_w 8.5, 8.75, and 9.0) that reflect asperity characteristics of the 1797 historical event in the same region. The generation of the earthquake scenarios involves probabilistic models of earthquake source parameters and stochastic synthesis of earthquake slip distributions. In total, 300 source models are generated to produce comprehensive tsunami evacuation plans in Padang. The tsunami hazard assessment results show that Padang may face significant tsunamis causing the maximum tsunami inundation height and depth of 15 and 10 m, respectively. A comprehensive tsunami evacuation plan – including horizontal evacuation area maps, assessment of temporary shelters considering the impact due to ground shaking and tsunami, and integrated horizontal–vertical evacuation time maps – has been developed based on the stochastic tsunami simulation results. The developed evacuation plans highlight that comprehensive mitigation policies can be produced from the stochastic tsunami simulation for future tsunamigenic events.

Alcina Magnólia Franca Barreto, José Bernardo Rodrigues Brilha, Rudah Ruano Cavalcanti Duque

O Araripe pernambucano tem excelentes exposições de rochas da Formação Santana, Bacia Sedimentar do Araripe (PE, CE e PI), reconhecida internacionalmente pelos fósseis de vertebrados, preservados em concreções, considerados entre os mais importantes do supercontinente Gondwana (110 Ma). Embora a região tenha excelente potencial para coleta e estudos paleontológicos, facilitada pela extração a céu aberto da gipsita (Polo Gesseiro do Araripe), não existem ações de preservação do patrimônio fossilífero. Dado a vocação mineira e o potencial paleontológico, a região torna-se relevante para desenvolvimento de programas, projetos e ações que promovam os recursos naturais para uso educacional, turístico, inclusão social e sustentabilidade. Propõe-se a criação de museus paleontológicos nos municípios do Araripe pernambucano, como estratégia de uso sustentável desses recursos para geração de cultura e renda para a região, ao mesmo tempo em que se preserva para as gerações futuras a “memória paleobiológica da Terra”, retratada nos nossos fósseis.

Dr. Esmaeel Nasiri Hende Khale

The Urban Development Strategy (CDS) as a new approach to urban planning  was proposed by the Coalition of Cities in1999 to boost the participation of citizens and create the good governance of urban development.In this research ,the under study  statististical society includes the citizens of 3 districts of Qazvin, which has been studied as random by using questionnaires and SPSS statistical software analysis at  both  levels of descriptive and inferential statistics  with the aim of measuring the variables affecting on citizens' participation in urban development strategies process.The results obtained from  non-parametric statistical analysis  based on F-TEST between the relation of  education and  participation level in urban development indicates that the observed differences in the level of citizen's participation in urban development process in the three districts has been  real and can be generalized to the statistical society and the observed differences between the income rate  and participation level of citizens by F-TEST in district No.3 has not been based on the real  income and can not be generalized to the statistical society. The results obtained from the relation between the recognition and participation level in decision makings and urban development through correlation coefficient in district No.3 is equal to 0.456 with a significant level of 0.000. It should be added that T test findings show a significant relation between empowerment and participation level  in each under study district. As the  most effective factors and structure of opportunity in strategic approach of urban development in the under study area, it can be referred to modification and changing management approach , having prospective approach together with real participation of citizens as an absolute necessity in strategic process of urban development in Qazvin.